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Environment Engineering I

Dr. Amal Hudhud

Dr. Abed Fattah Hasan

Najah National UniversityCivil Engineering Department

Introduction

Chapter one

1. Social Science: Study of people andhow they live together as families,communities, nations

2. Natural science : study of nature andphysical world ( biology, chemistry,

geology )

Science?Science?

2

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Environmental science :

encompasses all field of natural science.

organized body of knowledge about

environmental relationships

What is Environmental Science?What is Environmental Science?

Quantitative Environmental Science

Quantitative Environmental Science

An organized collection of mathematical

theories that may be used to describe andexplore environmental relation

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What is environmental engineeringand environmental science?

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EnvironmentalScienceSystematizedknowledge of thenatural environmentand the impact of thebuilt environment and

human activity onnatural systems.

EnvironmentalEngineeringEngineering applied toproblems of sanitationand the protection ofnatural systems from theimpact of the built

environment and humanactivity.

How Environment Engineer and

Environmental scientists worktogether

Scientists discovers things and Engineer makethem work

In many instances the tasks the tools ofenvironmental scientists and environment

engineering are the same

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Environmental engineers protectpublic health and solve

environmental problems

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Environmental engineers implement

solutions

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Environmental engineers are involved inresearch, regulation, planning, design,

construction and operations

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Tasks of Environmental Engineers- Summary -

Manifest by sound engineering thought andpractice in the solution of problems of:

Environmental sanitation,

safe water supply,

proper disposal of or recycle of wastewater and solidwaste,

adequate drainage of urban and rural areas for proper

sanitation,

control of water, soil and atmospheric pollution andthe social and environmental impact of these solution

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There are many seriousproblems to solve

Half the world population lacks even a simplelatrine

1.6 million people (90% children) die annuallyfrom diarrhoeal diseases because ofcontaminated drinking water

About 2.6 billion people in the world lackadequate sanitation

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Source: World Health Organization (WHO)

Lack of safe drinking water is a particular concern

in developing world

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Source: United Nations Environment Program

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Natural Environment: Atmosphere, land,water and their inhabitants

Built Environment (what had been built bypeople to facilitate living)

Types of Environment:Types of Environment:

Historical perspective

Environmental Science is very old (Egyptian predictionand regulation of the annual flood of the Nile)

Mid 1800 s Foundation of Environmental Engineering

First instances and well introduce of EnvironmentalEngineer was in 20th century

1960 -1970 name change from sanitary Engineer toEnvironment Engineering

Mid 1970 Environment science established in academia 1980 recognized sub-discipline (Environmental chemical,

Environment biology) has emerged

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Introduction to principles ofEnvironment Engineering and Science

Provision of safe, tasty and sufficientpublic water supply

Proper handling, disposal or recycling ofwastewater and solid waste

Control of water, soil, atmosphericpollution and noise pollution

In this Course these topicswill be covered Introduction to Environmental Engineering and

Systems

Material balances

Risk Perception, Assessment an management

Quality Management

Air Pollution

Solid waste Management

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Environmental system overview

System : looking to all the interrelatedparts inside a boundary and their effectson one another

Model: simplify the system to attractablesize that behaves in a fashion similar toreal system

Examples of Environmental system

Water resources managementsystem

Water supply subsystem

Waste water disposal subsystems resources

Air resources management system

(balance of cost and benefit for obtaining adesired quality of air)

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Naturalresources

Air quality goals Laws

Benefits Evaluation bysociety

Effects onphysical

properties ofatmosphere

Effects onanimals

Effects onpeople

Effects onvegetation

Effects onmaterials and

economy

Ultimatefate

Air qualityAir qualitymonitoring

Atmospheric diffusion

and chemical reactions

Air quality monitoring

system design

Modelverification

Computedpollution

Sourceinventory

EmissionsLiquid waste

Solid waste Controls Measurements Meteorological

measurements

SourcesProducts

Enforcement

Regulations

Urban planning

Figure 1-5 : A simplified block diagram of an air resourcemanagement system

Examples of Environmental system

Solid waste management

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Wastegeneration

Storage

Collection

Processing andrecovery

Transfer andtransport

Disposal

6-1Figure

A simplified block diagram of solid waste management system

Multi media system

Many Environmental problems cross theair, water and soil boundaries

Example: Acid rain

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Sustainability

How to maintain our ecosystem in the lightof many depletions of environmentalresources:

Pollution prevention minimizing waste

Selection of equipment with minimum energy

and water consumption

Reuse/Recycle of material

Selection of materials and machines that havelonger time of service

Sustainability = Durable Development

Environmental legislation and regulation

Laws (acts)

Regulation to implement the requirementof law

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Palestinians Laws

Palestinian Environmental law

Palestinian Water law

Environmental Ethics

Use knowledge and skill for the enhancementand protection of the environment

Hold paramount the health, safety, and welfareof the environment

Perform services only in areas of personalexperts

Be honest and impartial in serving public, your

employers, your clients, and the environment Issue public statements only in an objective and

truthful manner