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4- Teakwood Production.pdf

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    TEAKWOOD MARKET IN KERALA:

    PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND TRADE

    C. N. Krishnankutty,

    K. Balachandran Thampi & Mammen Chundamannil

    Kerala Forest Research Institute

    Paper presented in the Regional Workshop on

    Processing and marketing of teakwood products of planted forests

    Kerala Forest Research Institute

    25-28 September 2007

    Peechi, India

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    EXPORT

    SAW-MILLS

    HOUSING SECTOR

    Structure of the timber market in Kerala

    TIMBER INDUSTRY

    T i m b e r s u p p l y i n g s o u r c e s

    T i m b e r u s i n g s e c t o r s

    HOME GARDENS ESTATES IMPORTFORESTS

    INSTITUTIONS

    Sawn timber

    TIMBER: Teakwood and all other timbers, industrial wood and poles.

    TIMBER INDUSTRY: Packing case, plywood, match splints and veneers, pulp and paper, furniture, etc.

    IMPORT : From other States in India and from other countries.

    EXPORT : To other States in India and to other countries.

    INSTITUTIONS SECTOR : Government and private institutions, business establishments, restaurants,

    hostels, hospitals and all other timber-using sectors.

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    Methodology

    Timber: Teakwood & all other timbers, industrial wood and poles

    Other timbers: Jack wood, anjily, mango wood, cashew wood, matty, vatta, eucalypts wood

    rubber wood, coconut wood, rosewood, pynkado, paduak, kussia, etc.

    CONSUMPTION = PRODUCTION + IMPORT EXPORT

    CONSUMPTION + EXPORT = PRODUCTION + IMPORT

    DEMAND FOR TIMBER = SUPPLY OF TIMBER

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    CONSUMPTION OF TEAKWOOD & OTHER TIMBERS

    INDUSTRIES IN THE ORGANIZED SECTOR

    Packing case, plywood, match splints and

    veneers, pulp & paper, furniture and fixtures,

    doors and windows, hand tools, wooden

    structural goods, pencil, wooden toys, bobbin,

    wooden boats, transport body building, etc.

    Stratification of each type of industry

    Based on number of workers:

    < 5; 5 9; 10 19; 20 49; Above 50

    Sampling Plan: Stratified random sampling design

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    Furniture, agricultural implements, handicrafts, wooden toys, etc

    Household units

    Own account enterprises

    Sampling Plan: Stratified two-stage sampling design

    CONSUMPTION OF TEAKWOOD & OTHER TIMBERS

    INDUSTRIES IN THE UNORGANIZED SECTOR

    Stratification1. Urban (58 fsu)

    2. High-range (82)

    3. Low-land (170)

    4. Mid-land (312)

    5. High-land (44)6. Low-land (46)

    7. Mid-land (268)

    8. High-land (69)

    First-stage units

    Municipalities & Corps (Urban stratum)

    Panchayats (All other strata)

    Southern

    region

    Northern

    region

    Second-stage units

    Wards

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    StratificationSampling Plan: Stratified two-stage sampling design

    First-stage units

    CONSUMPTION OF TEAKWOOD & OTHER TIMBERSHOUSING & INSTITUTIONS SECTORS

    1. Urban (58 fsu)

    2. High-range (82)

    Municipalities & Corps (Urban stratum)

    Panchayats (All other strata)

    WardsNew residential houses

    Houses repaired / altered

    Households (furniture made)

    New buildings/structures

    Old buildings repaired/altered

    Institutions (furniture made)

    H

    ousing

    sector

    Instit

    utions

    sec

    tor

    Second-stage units3. Low-land (170)

    4. Mid-land (312)

    5. High-land (44) South

    ern

    region

    6. Low-land (46)

    7. Mid-land (268)

    8. High-land (69)Northern

    region

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    IMPORT AND EXPORT:

    TEAKWOOD & OTHER TIMBERS

    Import : From other States in India

    and from other countries

    Export : To other States in India

    and to other countries

    Movement of timber by road

    (Inter-state border forest check-posts)Movement of timber by rail

    Movement of timber through ports

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    Demand for teakwood in Keraladuring 2000-01

    Teakwood Other timbers All timber

    Volume(000 m3 )

    %to total

    Volume(000 m3 )

    %to total

    Timber Industry 6 6.7 1,355 68.8 1,361 65.9

    Housing sector 74 76.7 542 27.5 616 29.8

    Institutions 2 2.1 8 0.5 10 0.5

    3.2

    100.0

    64

    1,969(95.4)

    Volume(000 m3 )

    %to total

    Export* 14 14.5 78 3.8

    Total demand 96(4.6)

    100.0 2,065(100.0)

    100.0

    Sectors

    *Teakwood export to other States in India and other countries:18 % of total timber export.

    Actual export of teakwood:110 m3

    (0.7%). Actual export: Onlyrosewood 2,600 m3

    (3.6%).Export of teak logs of larger girth 7,500 m3 (54 %) and teak poles to other States 6,300 m3 (46 %

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    Supply of teakwood in Keraladuring 2000-01

    Teakwood Other timbers All timber

    Volume

    (000 m3)

    % Volume

    (000 m3)

    %

    Forest plantations 50 52.2 37 1.9 87 4.2

    Import* 15 15.2 296 15.0 311 15.0

    Farm lands

    31 32.6 1,636 83.1 1,667 80.8

    100.01,969

    Volume

    (000 m3)

    %

    Total supply 96 100.0 2,065 100.0

    Sources

    Homesteads, farm lands and estates of rubber, cardamom, coffee and tea.

    *Actual import of teakwood 96% and other timbers 47% of total import.Import of only teak logs of larger girth.There is no import of teak logs of smaller girth and teak poles.

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    Supply Demand

    Production Import Consumption Export

    (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) = (2) (4)

    Teakwood 81 15* 82 14# 1

    Other timbers 1,673 296 1,905 64 232

    All timber 1,754 311 1,987 78 233

    Net

    importTimber

    (Volume in 000 m3)

    Trade-balance of teakwood in Keraladuring 2000-01

    *The net import of teakwood was 670 m3.Actual import of teak logs of larger girth from other countries.

    # Export of logs of larger girth 7,500 m3 (54 %) and poles 6,400 m3 (46 %) to other States.

    The net import of teak logs of larger girth was 7,100 m3.

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    Trends in teakwood export from Kerala

    to other States in India

    Average volume in 000 m3 per annum5-Year periods

    Teakwood Other timbers All timber

    1981-82 to 1985-86 33 364 397

    1986-87 to 1990-91 24 136 160

    1991-92 to 1995-96 19 103 122

    1996-97 to 2000-01 4 91 95

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    International export of teakwood from Kerala

    Average volume in 000 m3 per annum5-Year Periods Teakwood Other timbers

    (Rosewood)

    All timber

    1971-72 to 1975-76 0.9 17.8 18.7

    1976-77 to 1980-81 0.5 8.7 9.2

    1981-82 to 1985-86 0.1 2.1 2.2

    1986-87 to 1990-91 0.0 4 1.7 1.74

    1991-92 to 1995-96 0.0 2 1.2 1.22

    1996-97 to 2000-01 0.1 1.4 1.5

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    Conclusions

    The size of the teakwood market in Kerala is 96,000 m3.

    62 % of the teakwood production came from forestplantations while only 2 % of the production of other

    timbers came from forests .

    The net import of teak logs of larger girth was 7,100 m3

    .

    The trends in import is increasing whereas export

    declining.

    Kerala, a traditional producer and exporter of teakwood,

    is now a net importer.

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    Conclusions..

    There is market for teak logs of larger girth which are

    now imported to Kerala from abroad.

    There is hardly any international market for Keralateakwood due to non-availability of logs of larger girth.

    Shortening of rotation age of forest teak plantations to

    50 years has reduced the production of high valuelarger girth logs.

    A policy for growing logs of larger girth must be

    adopted by increasing the rotation age of forest teakplantations.

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