Date post: | 28-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | virgil-cunningham |
View: | 212 times |
Download: | 0 times |
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
NEMO-SN1NEMO-SN1 observatory developments in view of observatory developments in view of the European Research Infrastructuresthe European Research Infrastructures
EMSOEMSO and and KM3NETKM3NET
Paolo FavaliPaolo Favali (1)(1), Laura Beranzoli , Laura Beranzoli (1)(1), Francesco Italiano , Francesco Italiano (2)(2), ,
Emilio Migneco Emilio Migneco (3)(3), Mario Musumeci , Mario Musumeci (3)(3), Riccardo Papaleo , Riccardo Papaleo (3)(3)
on behalf of NEMO Collaborationon behalf of NEMO Collaboration
((1) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) - Roma 2 Dept.
(2) Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) - Palermo Dept.
(3) Laboratori Nazionali del Sud - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
INGVINGV
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Optical sensors
Electronic vessels
MoU (2001): Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) MoU (2001): Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) & Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)& Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) INGVINGV
Favali et al, 2006a; Migneco et al., 2006
NEMO-SN1NEMO-SN1The 1st cabled prototype node forEMSO and test site for KM3NET
Synergy between the 2 ESFRIESFRI infrastructure KM3NET KM3NET andand EMSO EMSO
East Sicily (Western Ionian Sea)
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Why seafloor observatory node in East Sicily ?Why seafloor observatory node in East Sicily ?
One of the most seismogenic areas of Mediterranean
Some of the major eartquakes generated strong tsunamis
1169 -1169 - 16931693
19081908
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Sgroi et al., 2007
Malta Escarpment
Southern Calabria
213 events
Deep Ionian Basin(subduction)
Continent-ocean boundary
Mt. Etna bilateral eruption
(2002-2003)
SN1 1SN1 1stst stand-alone stand-alone experiment 2002-2003 experiment 2002-2003
East Sicily seismicity not-recorded inland
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
a b
Z
N
E
T
Z
N
E
T
200 s
Off-shore Peloponnesus (Greece, Feb. 14, 2008): a) MW=6.9; b) MW=6.2
NEMO-SN1 real-time cabled observatory
Mw=8.6 off-shore Sumatra (March 28, 2005)
Z
N
E
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
ETNA ActivityETNA Activity
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
East Sicily TS infrastructureEast Sicily TS infrastructure
LNS Test Site Laboratoryat Catania harbour
LNS-INFN Catania
Radio Link (32 Mbps)
NEMO JB
Test Site South (TSS)
5 km
Installation at > 2000 m depth
20 km
INGV
Test Site North (TSN)
5 km
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
East Sicily TS East Sicily TS NorthNorth
SN1 (2005-2008) Sensors3-C broad-band seismometer; Hydrophone (geophysics);Gravity meter; Scalar magnetometer; 3-C single point current meter; CTD
SN1 (2005-2008) Sensors3-C broad-band seismometer; Hydrophone (geophysics);Gravity meter; Scalar magnetometer; 3-C single point current meter; CTD
2005 TSN Frame and SN1 deployments2008 SN1 recovery for refurbishment2010 SN1 re-deployment (ESONET LIDO-DM)
SN1 connection
SN1 recovery
Frame deployment
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
East Sicily TS SouthEast Sicily TS South
2005 TSS Frame and ODE installation2006 Junction Box (JB) and NEMO Phase 1 deployment2007 Junction Box recovery for maintenance2008 JB re-deployment. ODE recovery for refurbishment2010 LIDO installation (ESONET LIDO-DM)
2005 TSS Frame and ODE installation2006 Junction Box (JB) and NEMO Phase 1 deployment2007 Junction Box recovery for maintenance2008 JB re-deployment. ODE recovery for refurbishment2010 LIDO installation (ESONET LIDO-DM)
Experiments SensorsODE 4 hydrophonesNEMO Phase 1 16 optical modules, CTD, ADCP
Experiments SensorsODE 4 hydrophonesNEMO Phase 1 16 optical modules, CTD, ADCP
Framewith ODE
Junction Box
NEMO Phase-1tower
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece 5-7 Oct. 2009 All Regions Workshop #2
East Sicily TS new payloadEast Sicily TS new payload SensorSensor raterate ModelModel
3-C broad-band seismometer * 100 Hz Guralp CMG-1T (0.0027-50 Hz)
Differential Pressure Gauge (DPG) 10 Hz Prototype Univ. California-St. Diego
Hydrophone (Geophysics) 200 Hz OAS E-2PD
Hydrophone (Geophysics) 2000 Hz SMID (0.05-1000 Hz)
4+4 Hydrophones (Bio-acoustics) 96 /192 kHz ** SMID (100-70000 Hz)
Absolute Pressure Gauge (APG) * 15 s Paroscientific 8CB4000-I
3-C Accelerometer + 3-C Gyro (IMU) * 100 Hz Gladiator Technologies Landmark 10
Gravity meter 1 Hz Prototype IFSI-INAF
Scalar magnetometer 1 Hz Prototype INGV
Vectorial magnetometer 1 Hz Marine Magnetics Sentinel (3000 m)
ADCP 1 profile/h RDI Workhorse Monitor (600 kHz)
CTD + Turbidity meter 1 s/h SeaBird SBE-37SM-24835 + Wet Lab
3-C single point current meter 2 Hz Nobska MAVS-3
* tsunami early warning system ** 96 kHz at TSN, 192 kHz at TSS
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
LNS Test Site Laboratoryat Catania harbour:shore data acquisition system; local storage unit
LNS-INFN Catania:main storage unit; servers;1 Gbps connection to internet
Radio Link (30 Mbps)
NEMO JBTest Site South
Test Site North
5 km
5 km
Installation at > 2000 m depth
20 km
LIDO TS North
New ! CREEPof UCL
LIDO TS South
East Sicily TS infrastructure East Sicily TS infrastructure (new configuration)(new configuration)
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
East-Sicily: CREEP undersea deformation labEast-Sicily: CREEP undersea deformation lab
Study of accelerations preceeding crustal failureStudy of accelerations preceeding crustal failure
10-6 10-9 10-22 10-25
CREEP
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
PEGASOStructural Funds:
POR Sicily 2000-2006
PotEnziamento di reti Geofisiche e Ambientali Sottomarine (enhancement of geophysical and environmental submarine networks)
INGVINGV
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
ROV
Deep-Sea Shuttle
Realise handling systems • to service NEMO-SN1 • to become NEMO-SN1 an “open lab” to host other marine experiments
Main objectivesMain objectives
Abyssal station
PEGASO
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
PEGASO handling systemssystems
ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) with manipulators and 200-m tether for horizontal movements (operative depth 4000 m)
DSS (Deep-Sea Shuttle) vehicle for safe deployment/ recovery of ROV garage and heavy platforms (up to 30 kN, operative depth 4000 m)
PEGASO
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Deep-Sea Shuttle PEGASO
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
ROVSeaEyeCougar
[3500-m dive test at the end of
2009]
PEGASO
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Optical sensors
Electronic vessels
MoU (2001): Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) MoU (2001): Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) & Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)& Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) INGVINGV
Favali et al, 2006a; Migneco et al., 2006
NEMO-SN1NEMO-SN1The 1st cabled prototype node forEMSO and test site for KM3NET
Synergy between the 2 ESFRIESFRI infrastructure KM3NET KM3NET andand EMSO EMSO
East Sicily (Western Ionian Sea)
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
INGVINGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy) ITUITU - Istanbul Teknik Universitesi (Turkey)
IFREMERIFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la MER (France)
UiTUiT - University of Tromsø (Norway)
NOCSNOCS - National Oceanography Centre Southampton (United Kingdom)
HCMRHCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (Greece)
KDMKDM - Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V. (Germany)
IMIIMI - Irish Marine Institute (Ireland)
NIOZNIOZ - Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek (The Netherlands)
UGOTUGOT - Goteborgs Universitet (Sweden)
UTM-CSIC - Unidad de Tecnologia Marina - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)
FFCULFFCUL - Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
EMSO, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures), is the European network of seafloor observatories (cabled & acoustically linked), constituting a distributed infrastructure for long-term (mainly) real-time monitoring of environmental processes related to ecosystems, global changes and geo-hazards to study also the interactions between geo-, bio- and hydro-sphere
In the EC-FP7 EMSO Preparatory Phase (12 countries) started in April 2008 for 4 years, with the aim to design and create the legal entity in charge of the infrastructure
N
GBIR
S
DF
IP E
NL
GRTU
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
What do Seafloor Observatories need for?What do Seafloor Observatories need for?
• To study the Earth as an integrated system: geo- bio- hydro-sphere
• To provide long time series for the study of multiple, interrelated processes to highlight temporal scale and variability of the phenomena
“Illuminating the Hidden Planet. The future of Seafloor Observatory Science”, NRC - National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 2000
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
• Role of the Ocean in ClimateRole of the Ocean in Climate• Turbulent mixing and Biophysical interactionsTurbulent mixing and Biophysical interactions• Ecosystem dynamics and BiodiversityEcosystem dynamics and Biodiversity• Fluids and Life in the Ocean Crust Fluids and Life in the Ocean Crust • Dynamics of lithosphere and Imaging Earth’s interiorDynamics of lithosphere and Imaging Earth’s interior
Scientific ThemesScientific Themes
http://www.oceanleadership.org/ocean_observing
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
EQ faults
magma chambersMantle
convection
geodetic spreading
hydrothermalism
Time & Space scales of major ocean and earth processesTime & Space scales of major ocean and earth processes
Redrawn from figure courtesy of Dudley Chelton, Oregon State University (see also Dichey & Chang, 2001)
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Interdisciplinary research prioritiesInterdisciplinary research priorities
• Physical oceanography water mass characterisation, water column processes, thermodynamics, ice cover, climatology, and impacts on climate change
• Biogeochemistry global carbon cycle and elemental cycling within the ocean through both physical and biological processes, and ocean acidification
• Marine ecology distribution and abundance of sea life, ocean productivity, biodiversity, ecosystem function, living resources, and climate feedbacks
• Geosciences transfer from Earth’s interior to the crust, hydrosphere and biosphere, fluid flow and gas seepage through sediments and gas hydrate, non-living resources, sediment transfer to deep-sea and climate change
• Geo-hazards earthquake and tsunami hazard, volcanic hazard, slope instability and failure
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
What are seafloor observatory?What are seafloor observatory?
Unmanned, multi-sensor platforms at a fixed site with long-term (years) operative life, potentiality to make measurements from above the air-sea interface to below the seafloor, and with different configurations related to the communications and power:
1) 1) Stand-aloneStand-alone:: power with battery packs and limited capacity of power with battery packs and limited capacity of data transmission (e.g., data capsules or acoustic link from the data transmission (e.g., data capsules or acoustic link from the surface)surface)
2)2) Acoustically linkedAcoustically linked:: communication by acoustics to an communication by acoustics to an infrastructure (e.g., moored buoy, another observatory)infrastructure (e.g., moored buoy, another observatory)
4) 4) CabledCabled:: power supply and real-time data transmission (e.g., power supply and real-time data transmission (e.g., retired, dedicated or shared cables devoted to other scientific retired, dedicated or shared cables devoted to other scientific activities)activities)
3)3) Buoy connectedBuoy connected:: physically moored to a surface buoy physically moored to a surface buoy
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Configurations of observatory
cabledbuoy connected
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
GEOSTARGEOSTARGEGEophysical and OOceanographic
STSTation for AAbyssal RResearch
GEOSTAR buoyGEOSTAR buoy
GEOSTARGEOSTAR
MODUSMODUS
Beranzoli et al., 1998; Beranzoli, Favali & Smriglio (eds.), Dev. Mar. Tech., 12, Elsevier, 2002; Favali et al, 2006b; Favali & Beranzoli, 2006; 2009b
Acoustically linked observatory
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
●●
●
● ●
●●
●
●
●●
● ●
●●
EMSO
NEPTUNE (Canada)
DONET (Japan)
MACHO (Taiwan)
●●
MARS(USA)
VENUS(Canada)
OOI(USA)
●
Long-Term, Real-TimeCabled Observatories
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
ImpactImpact
Public PolicyPublic Policy– EnvironmentalEnvironmental– ResourcesResources– Public health and safetyPublic health and safety– SecuritySecurity
Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development– Growth of marine technology industryGrowth of marine technology industry– Innovative technologiesInnovative technologies– TourismTourism
Education and Public EngagementEducation and Public Engagement
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Benefits for the SocietyBenefits for the Society
• Natural hazard mitigation (earthquakes, tsunamis)• Understanding climate changes• Marine environment preservation and sustainable
development• Strong impact on SMEs in marine technologies• Potential involvement of the oil companies and
biotecnology industries• Impact on education and job creation opportunities
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
PerspectivesPerspectives
Short-term:
• The EMSO Preparatory Phase will create the legal governance to establish and manage the infrastructure
• In most of the EMSO sites permanent structures are under development
Long-term:
• Multidisciplinary time series (sub-seafloor, seafloor and water column) to study Ecosystems, Global changes, Earth Sciences and Geo-hazards and for Environment protection
• Platform for data access and management
• Marine component of GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems)
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Running S&T activities
Status of the Sites Status of the Sites
Test sites (shallow water)
Permanent infrastructures
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Synergies with other ESFRI ESFRI Infrastructures
SIOS
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Synergies between the ESFRI ESFRI Infrastructures
• Sharing facilities (e.g., cables, junction boxex, handling systems, logistics)
• New developments in marine technology and sensors
• Approach to newly scientific themes of common interest
• Impact on education and job creation opportunities (i.e. new expertises )
• EMSO as reference project for the “Associated Sciences”
&
4th International Workshop on Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescopes for the Mediterranean Sea 13-15 October 2009, Athens, Greece
Thank you Thank you for your attentionfor your attention
Paolo Favali (on behalf of the other Authors)Paolo Favali (on behalf of the other Authors)EMSO-PP Co-ordinatorEMSO-PP Co-ordinator
[email protected]@ingv.it