4 th ITU Green Standards Week

InternationalTelecommunicationUnion

Committed to connecting the world

4th ITU Green Standards Week

Yu Xiaohui

China Academy of Telecommunication Research, MIIT

Sep 24, 2014

The Development of Smart Cities in China

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Table of Contents


The Concept and Strategic Orientation of the Development of Smart Cities in China

Several issues

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4th ITU Green Standards Week The Development of Smart Cities in ChinaOver 310 cities in China proposed to build smart cities. By June, 2014, 219 cities were undertaking smart cities projects, involving various levels of cities across China.

Building Smart Cities in China

Source: CATR3




Pilot Smart Cities at the Ministrial Level

Chinese ministries organized pilot smart cities, classified into two categories: —The Whole City as a Pilot Programme

—Pilot key applications in a city: transport, tourism, and geographic infomation service

etc.

MOHURD

• Two groups of pilot smart cities (193 cities in total)

MOST

• The First Group (20 cities)

• 863Programme for Smart Cities

MIIT

• Pilot: Changzhou, Yangzhou

• 15 EU-China Smart Cities Partnership

Ministry of Transport

• Pilot area of “smart urban transport” in 10 cities (e.g. Chongqing)

National Admin of Surveying, Mapping &

Geoinfo

• Pilot area of “smart geoinfo cloud platform” in 10 cities

National Tourism Admin

• Selection of 18 and 15 cities for “national pilot cities of smart tourism”

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5

Comprehensive

model

Catch-up Model

Specialized Model

DIFFERENT MODELS

Main Features

• Smart city as the comprehensive strategy to lead urban development

• An all-inclusive development of application, infrastructure, and industries

• A large-scale, competitive city with advanced ICT industry and application

• Emphasis on geographical strengths

• Strength-oriented application

• Boosting local staple industries

• Developed cities in Eastern China

• Emphasis on local characteristics

• Learning best practices• Stressing application and

infrastructure• Industrial development• Small & medium cities

Main Features

Main Features

Features of the Development of Smart Cities in China




Features of the Development of Smart Cities in China

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发达城市更加注重统筹和顶层设计 Leading cities with high strategic attention to comprehensive and top-level design.新城和新区以智慧城市发展引领，高起点建设 To offer high-level construction of new cities and districts in accordance with smart city projects.

中西部和欠发达地区智慧城市加速，推动城市跨越式发展To accelerate the building of smart cities in mid- to western, and underdeveloped regions in China by leaps and bounds.

以人为本，以绿色低碳、便民惠民服务作为智慧城市出发点People-oriented smart city starts from low-carbon, green development and to provide convenient service to the people.

形成智慧城市群落，以城市群形态协同发展 To enable a smart city community take shape, with a coordinated development in the form of city-consortiums.




Public Services in Smart Cities

Smart public services

Online public service

Social security

Healthcare

education

Job & employment

Old Care

• Government information

• Government service

• Info sharing• Service

coordination

• Online education

• Resources sharing

• Ongoing education

• E-health archives

• E-record• telemedica

re

• Household-community-special agency old cares in one

• Social Security card

• Pension scheme inter-city transfer

• Health insurance transfer & settlement

• Job info service

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Public Services in Smart Cities

• Population and fluidity are challenges facing health insurance transfer in China

• Health insurance agencies in 6 provincial capital cities (Nanchang, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Changsha, Nanning, and Chengdu) and 3 provinces (Hunan, Hainan and Yunnan)

• Cooperation Framework Agreement on Healthcare and Insurance Transfer in Several Provinces and Provincial Capital Cities in the Pearl River Delta Region, covering over 100m people

Health insurance transfer & instant settlement among 6 cities

of 3 provinces

Health insurance transfer & instant settlement among 6 cities

of 3 provinces

Government-provided APP: Suzhou Weather

• Weather GPS to towns and streets• 1-7 days of weather forecast

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Public Services in Smart Cities-mHealthWireless Heart Health program： The program deploys a 3G-enabled cardiovascular screening and monitoring system, developed by Life Care Networks, to resource-scarce community health clinics in Shandong, Anhui, and Sichuan provinces, as well as the Chongqing municipality , since the program was implemented in July 2011,• 96 community doctors are using the system• 11,012 patients in four Community Health Clinics have benefitted from Wireless

Heart Health• Out of all of the patient participants, 1,171 have been screened for serious

cardiovascular conditions and referred to higher-level clinics for further evaluation and testing.

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An Elaborate Management of Cities—City Operation Management Center

transport Water networks

power Gas Public security

Transport Water Power Gas Police

Smart Scheduling Centre for Comprehensive City Operation（城市统一的运行智慧调度中心）

……

Smart Nanjing Operation Management CentreThe info sharing platform has access to 42 municipal

departments and 13 district- and county-level governmentsSupporting over 390 inter-departmental service sharing and

coordination across various levels, with a daily switch volume of 5M and 10 categories of data collection

Big data analysis to support city governance10




An Elaborate Management of Cities—Smart Water Management

Urban water management is one of the major challenges facing Chinese urbanisation.Water management in Chengdu: to build a system to monitor the operation of water supply pipeline networks and big users, to schedule water supply for production, to management and monitor sewage, and to monitor water quality, thus achieving an auto-monitoring and scheduling of water resources, environment and safety issues.

（基于地理信息系统的供水管网运行管理和大用户监控系统、供水生产调度系统、排水监控管理系统和水资源监测管理系统）• —Water quality monitoring station, frequency: one test every 15 min(水质监测站，频率 15分钟

/次 )• —Sewage monitoring at 51 points in central town(中心城区 51个点位布排水监控 )• —Eearly warning and forecast for water quality and internal flood(为水质污染、内涝预报预警 )

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Smart infrastructure- underground pipelines

Taiyuan: the Earth-Eye Engineering Project

1990 年 2010 年

7 types/2000km

30 types/7000km

increasing complexity of underground pipelines

• maintain sensors deployed underneath

• developing 3D underground pipeline system

• a visualised and humane management style

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Smart infrastructure-Smart transport management

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Real-time monitoring of road traffic

Real-time monitoring of Rail transport

Traffic monitoring sensors placed at 34 exchange tunnels in 12 exchange stations

Traffic in extreme weather conditions

Comprehensive monitoring and alert, traffic influence analysis, emergency resources management and scheduling, coordinated actions across departments

Smart transport sys in BeijingSmart transport sys in Beijing

In case of 9 traffic circumstances (accidents, jam, and water on road surface), the system will automatically record the whole event and report to the police




Smart City and Open Data Beijing ： 269 categories of

360,000 original data items published by 35 departments, plus policy documents in several areas

Original data for WPS,CSV and SHAPE download, and online use of API

Shanghai: 209 data products, 19 data app, 11 social app, and 22 geographic information clusters published by 9 departments and 6 enterprises and agencies

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Table of Contents



Several Issues

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Urbanisation in ChinaIn 2011, urbanisation in China passes the critical point of 50%, indicating a period of strategic transition for China.In 2013, urbanisation in China achieved 53.7%

An Annual Increase of 1.39% on Average in the past decade

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Challenges facing Chinese urbanisation

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可持续发

展

Text

产业经济发展Industrial economic

development

Text

政府治理效能Governance

资源利用Reources

consumption

生态环境Eco-environment

Text

民生服务质量public service

空气污染Air pollution

水、土地、能源短缺water, land, energy scarcity

城市交通拥堵Traffic jam

公共服务体系不健全Insufficient public service

产业发展模式粗放Inefficient industrial development




Guidelines for the Development of Smart Cities

Smart city carries new ideas and models for enabling urban innovation and sustainable development by using such next-generation ICT as IoT, cloud computing, big data, geographic information integration to build a

smart management and service system for city governance.

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基础设施更加智能

Smarter infrastructure

公共服务更加便捷

More accessible

public service

社会治理更加精细

More elaborate

social governance

生态环境更加宜居

More liveable ecological

environment

产业体系更加优化

More optimised

industrial system

信息安全有效保障

Cyber security




Principles for the Development of Smart City

People- oriented ： To promote human development and improve the quality of life of the people as the fundamental purpose, with its cores on healthcare, education, social security, food and urban safety

Green & low-carbon ： carbon emission reduction, for harmony between city and natural environment, with smart and elaborate management of energy, transport, environment, and public security in city governance

Inclusiveness ： Smart city for all, with opportunities for citizens, enterprises, and social entities, with public services in favor of the Vulnerable groups.

Open & sharing ： resources sharing, system interconnection, and intensive use of resources, so as to improve efficiency of resource use and the promotion of social development and utilization of government and public data

Innovation ： New model on investment, construction, operation, business, and management, to enable government, market and society to play complementary roles

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ICT Progress to Boost the Development of Smart Cities

There is an integration, comprehensive application and convergent development of such new technologies and new models in urban areas as broadband, IoT, mobile interconnection, cloud computing and big data in China.

MobileMobile

Broaband

Cloud ComputingCloud Computing Big Data Big Data

IoT Smart terminals

IoT Smart terminals

SMART CITY

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The Expectations on the development of smart cities by the Chinese Government

National Planning on New Urbanisation （ 2014-2020 ）Furthering Smart City Programmes

—Comprehensive use of material, information and intellectual resources needed for urban development; further innovative application of such next-generation ICT as IoT, cloud computing, and big data; and in-depth integration of urban economic and social development—Enhancing such information infrastructure —Further government info-sharing and service coordination across departments, sectors and regions; greater socialised use of info resources; more smart info application and services; and enabling digitalised city governance, smart infrastructure, convenient public service, modernised industries, and elaborate management of the society( 城市规划管理信息化、基础设施智能化、公共服务便捷化、产业发展现代化、社会治理精细化 ).—Enhancing the safety assurance capability of urban key info systems and info resources. 2

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International Cooperation on Smart City in China

Knowledge City in Guangzhou Industrial Park of Suzhou Eco-City in TianjinProgress in providing smart public services (e.g. smart grid, energy management)

Under the EU-China ICT Dialogue, the MIIT and Directorate-General for Communication Networks, Content and Technology at the European Commission co-decided.

15 pilot cities in China and the EU

Publishing white paper and report on EU-China smart city comparative studies, and Common Statements on EU-China Green Smart City Cooperation

EU-China Cooperation on Green Smart Cities Sino-Singapore Cooperation on Smart City

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Differences in the Development of Smart Cities between China and the EU

European Smart Cities Chinese Smart Cities

Goals More emphasis on green, low-carbon, energy, and transport

Economic restructuring, and urban upgrading

Formats Independent smart projects targeting key areas Comprehensive, systematic engineering projects

General design Fewer municipal-level systematic planning, openness and PPP

Emphasis on smart city planning and action guideline, and top-level design

Appraisal Attention on the cost-benefit of individual projects Huge system, with great difficulty

—More fundamentally, the reason is the different stage of development, where China faces the opportunities and challenges of digitalisation before its completion of urbanisation and industrialisation. Cities face serious issues in city governance, social management, public services, infrastructure and environmental protection.

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Differences in the Development of Smart Cities between China and the EU

Smart city-related services

percentage of

implementation

China EU

Crime/disaster prevention (including food safety) 53% 17%

education 13% 33%

Environment/energy 73% 100%

Healthcare 20% 17%

Open data 7% 100%

Geoinformation system 27% 17%

Public services with emphasis on e-government 67% -

Support to SMEs 13% -

Tourism - 33%

Transport 60% 100% 24




Future Development of Smart Cities in China

High-speed interconnectivity

Sensors rks GPS/RTLSRFID/QR codes

Smart Device

Urban decision control centre

Urban info database

Broadband public network Private Network

sensing

Multi-system integration,

interconnection and big data

City management, operation and public

services

Industrial info database

Smart transportUnderground pipelinesSmart grid

Smart water

City operationSmart govt Safe city

Urban emergencyEco-environment

Governance Smart medicare Smart edu

Smart communitySmart social security

Public services

Industrial upgrade

IoT Cloud computingBig data Info service

Smart manufacturingLean agriculture

Smart industrySmart logistics E-commerce

Manufacturing-related service

Modern service sectorNext-generation ICT

Cloud computing platform/supercomputation centre

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Info Infrastructure in Smart City

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Physical facilities ： rooms, pipes, poles, base stations etc.

Network facilities ： Internet, Mobile network, Broadcasting networks etc

Application infrastructure ： Data center, cloud computing infrastructure

Sensory facilities ： info terminals and IoT sensors

Information infrastructure for smart city

Broadband, sensory facilities, and cloud computing center are the key areas for development




Table of Contents



Several Issues

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Development Models of Smart City

The development of smart city has its difficulty not in technology, but in the development model.

Cities should decide key areas and development models according to local features, design their own strategies, goals, and general framework, and offer a powerful top-level design of smart cities.

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Resources sharing and service coordination

• Transferring govt IT sys to cloud services• To build a unified government cloud

facility for intensive, efficient governance

1. Enabling resources-sharing 2. Intensification of info sys

Unified smart city datacentre

Four basic & special databases Four basic & special databases

Inventory sys of urban info resourcesInventory sys of urban info resources

Regulation & standard on info resources-sharingRegulation & standard on info resources-sharing

Info resources sharing & exchange platformInfo resources sharing & exchange platform

3.Open data

Smart city requires an improvement of resources sharing, and an enhancement of intensive comprehensive planning, where resources-sharing system and exchange platform can be used as carrier to promote socialised sharing and service coordination of info resources.

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Innovation on operation

Self-funded operation（ govt/enterprises

）

Public finance

Self-owned capital

Funds via security market

Traditional model

Innovative model

Outsourcing

PPP

BOT（ BT/BOO/BOOT）

Franchise operation

crowdsourcing

Natl & intl loansSelf-

operating

EPC

Contracting out

Agent construction model

Investment & fundraising

Projects arrangements

Projects operation

1

2

3

• To build a smart city is

capital-consuming, where

government funding is not

enough

• To solve the issue of project

subjects and the mechanism

for building projects

• To solve the issue of project

subjects and to establish a

long-term operation

mechanism

Traditional model is still the leading model for building smart city in China. Nevertheless, in some areas, there have been experiments on such new models as outsourcing and BOT. 30




Standardization of Smart Cities System

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Key Standard Areas

Reference Model/Architecture

Evaluation Model and Metrics

Terminology and Vocabulary

Open Platform and Data sharing

Application

Security

Set up “National Smart Cities Standardization Coordination Group” in 2014

• Smart City Framework and Technology Requirement• Smart City Evaluation• Smart City Public Support Platform• Smart City Interoperability Requirement• Smart City Network and Security




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Assessment of Smart Cities

Assessment system of smart city in China• Part 1 ICT infrastructure• Part 2 Information application and service• Part 3 Construction management

National Level

Some cities try to design the assessment indicator in China• shanghai pudong: 37 indicators in 6 dimensions• jiangsu ningbo: 54 indicators• shenzhen qianhai: 43 indicators

Local Level




Thank you

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