History of Mexico: Ch 6 Lesson 2 (OL KEY) Native American Civilization 1. Olmecs: 1 st civilization in Americas 2. 1200BC-600BC 2. Mexico’s Founding Culture 2. Artists: Sculpture, jewelry, murals 3. Jade = green stone 3. Obsidian = black glass from volcanoes 2 . Farming 3. Maize = Spanish word for corn 3. Developed drainage system 2. Disappeared around 400 BC 2. Longest of any other NA civilization 1. Mayas 2. 400BC-900AD Lived in rainforest – Yucatan Peninsula 2. Religion held civilization together 3. Time important, had to measure of religious ceremonies 3. Developed calendars = 3. Pyramid temples with steps 2. Writing 3. Hieroglyphic = signs & symbols 3. Number system 3. Murals = wall paintings 2. DECLINE 3. Overused land, soil erosion, disease, and warfare 1. Aztec: The Mexica 2. 1300-1500AD 2. Conquered large empire in central Mexico 2. Major cities; Tenochtitlan=capital 3. Stepped pyramids for religious ceremonies 3. Human sacrifices
Transcript
History of Mexico: Ch 6 Lesson 2 (OL KEY)
Native American Civilization1. Olmecs: 1st civilization in Americas
3. Jade = green stone 3. Obsidian = black glass from volcanoes
2. Farming3. Maize = Spanish word for corn3. Developed drainage system
2. Disappeared around 400 BC2. Longest of any other NA civilization
1. Mayas 2. 400BC-900ADLived in rainforest – Yucatan Peninsula 2. Religion held civilization together
3. Time important, had to measure of religious ceremonies 3. Developed calendars = 365 days 3. Pyramid temples with steps
2. Writing3. Hieroglyphic = signs & symbols 3. Number system 3. Murals = wall paintings
2. DECLINE3. Overused land, soil erosion, disease, and warfare
1. Aztec: The Mexica2. 1300-1500AD2. Conquered large empire in central Mexico2. Major cities; Tenochtitlan=capital
3. Stepped pyramids for religious ceremonies3. Human sacrifices 3. Market places
4. Trades silver, gold & pottery 2. Spanish renamed Aztec2. Aztec history part of Mexican culture today
Term DefinitionStapleSurplusChinampas
Spanish Mexico
1. 1519- Spanish Come to Mexico2. Hernan Cortez led conquistadors looking for gold 2. 2 years to defeat the Aztec Empire
1. Conquered 2. 550 Spaniards vs. 21 million Aztecs2. Spanish had guns and armor, horses and the wheel2. Diseases like smallpox killed “thousands” [really millions]2. Indigenous groups angry with the Aztecs
3. Treaties afforded Spaniards 1,000s of warriors3. Needed supplies
4. Thought Cortez was a god 4. Aztecs thought horse = part of Cortez
2. After conquest:3. Gained gold and silver mines 3. Converted to Catholicism 3. Natives worked on farms or in mines
2. Spain made Mexico colony, “New Spain”3. Many Spanish settlers arrived = Peninsulares
4. Held important government posts4. Owned the haciendas
3. Native Americans= Mestizo 4. poor and uneducated
Term DefinitionConquistadorColonialismPeninsularesMestizoHacienda
Modern Mexico
1. Independence and Conflict2. After 300 years of Spanish rule, Mexico wanted independence2. 1821- Sept. 16 Won independence from Spain2. Political conflict after; rival fought, military dictators 2. 1836- Texas declares independence2. 1846- Border dispute leads to the Mexican-American War
3. US wins large part of south-west USA
2. 1850’s- Benito Juarez elected first indigenous President. 3. Separated church and government3. limits power of the military3. provides land to the poor
2. 1863-Mexico cannot pay debts, France invades
1. Revolution and StabilityEarly 1900’s people dissatisfied with Diaz2. 1910- Mexican Revolution, overthrows old gov
3. give land to the poor3. National schools 3. New Constitution in 1917
2. 1930’s Oil is discovered in Mexico, leads to a 40 year economic boom, standard of living across the country is raised, but there is still a large gap between rich and poor.
3. Rich are mostly European decent3. Poor are mostly of Native decent.
