PROJECT DESCRIPTION CHAD EXPORT PROJECT SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS - VOLUME 1 Copy of PD English Text 04-28.doc 4-1 May 1999 4.0 OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA Oil, water, and limited gas will be produced in each of the Komé, Miandoum, and Bolobo fields. In the Komé and Miandoum fields, there will be gathering stations where free water is separated from the oil, then treated and disposed of into the oil reservoir via injection wells. Water content in the oil will be reduced to about 10 percent at the gathering stations. The remaining oil and water, in the form of an emulsion, is piped to the CTF for processing to produce crude oil of a quality suitable for export sales. The general layout of the oil field development area is shown in Figure 4-1. A schematic illustrating the various steps in the product flow path is presented in Figure 4-2. In the oil field development area, approximately 1,080 ha are needed for facilities and their related infrastructure (195 ha); of this, 325 ha of land will be made available for most pre- construction uses, with the restriction that the use not interfere with normal operations and maintenance. Another 490 ha will be reclaimed after construction and made available to pre- construction customary land users. 4.1 FACILITIES DESCRIPTION 4.1.1 Well Site / Flowlines Approximately 300 producing wells will be located in the oil field area. Fiberglass flowlines will connect individual wells to the field manifolds. If required, the flowlines can be serviced using portable launchers and receivers. Production from the Komé LK wells will be gathered separately using carbon steel flowlines and sent to the CTF where the gas will be used for power plant fuel and the oil combined with other incoming emulsion. 4.1.2 Remote Manifolds / Well Testing Field manifolds will be used as part of the gathering systems. The field manifolds serve two purposes: • To collect production from several individual wells and direct it via a production manifold to a gathering line, a gathering station, or a field pump station • To direct production via a test header from a selected well to a well test skid located at each manifold. Field manifolds (except the manifolds located at the gathering stations and field pump stations) will be located adjacent to a producing well. There will be 10 field manifolds within the Komé UK field, 3 within the Miandoum field, and 3 within the Bolobo field. The design of the test manifolds will be based on the use of rotary selector valves (RSVs). RSVs are multiport diversion valves that allow one of several inlet well streams to be diverted to a well test skid.
Oil, water, and limited gas will be produced in each of the Komé, Miandoum, and Bolobo fields.In the Komé and Miandoum fields, there will be gathering stations where free water is separatedfrom the oil, then treated and disposed of into the oil reservoir via injection wells. Water contentin the oil will be reduced to about 10 percent at the gathering stations. The remaining oil andwater, in the form of an emulsion, is piped to the CTF for processing to produce crude oil of aquality suitable for export sales. The general layout of the oil field development area is shown inFigure 4-1. A schematic illustrating the various steps in the product flow path is presented inFigure 4-2.
In the oil field development area, approximately 1,080 ha are needed for facilities and theirrelated infrastructure (195 ha); of this, 325 ha of land will be made available for most pre-construction uses, with the restriction that the use not interfere with normal operations andmaintenance. Another 490 ha will be reclaimed after construction and made available to pre-construction customary land users.
4.1 FACILITIES DESCRIPTION
4.1.1 Well Site / Flowlines
Approximately 300 producing wells will be located in the oil field area. Fiberglass flowlines willconnect individual wells to the field manifolds. If required, the flowlines can be serviced usingportable launchers and receivers. Production from the Komé LK wells will be gatheredseparately using carbon steel flowlines and sent to the CTF where the gas will be used forpower plant fuel and the oil combined with other incoming emulsion.
4.1.2 Remote Manifolds / Well Testing
Field manifolds will be used as part of the gathering systems. The field manifolds serve twopurposes:
• To collect production from several individual wells and direct it via a production manifold to agathering line, a gathering station, or a field pump station
• To direct production via a test header from a selected well to a well test skid located at eachmanifold.
Field manifolds (except the manifolds located at the gathering stations and field pump stations)will be located adjacent to a producing well. There will be 10 field manifolds within the KoméUK field, 3 within the Miandoum field, and 3 within the Bolobo field. The design of the testmanifolds will be based on the use of rotary selector valves (RSVs). RSVs are multiportdiversion valves that allow one of several inlet well streams to be diverted to a well test skid.
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Well testing installation at each manifold site will consist of a vertical separator, proportionalvelocity flowmeter, a watercut meter, a ratio tube-type densitometer, and associatedinstrumentation and controls.
4.1.3 Komé and Bolobo Field Pump Stations
For the wells and manifolds located at the southern and northern ends of the Komé field, twofield pump stations (KP-1 and KP-2) will pump the production fluids to the Komé gatheringstation. The pump stations will receive production from other field manifolds including themanifold located at the pump station. The field pump stations will be designed to pump amultiphase mixture of oil, water, and gas using rotary screw pumps. Storage of field productionwill not be provided at the pump stations. A similar multiphase pump station (BP-1) will beutilized in the Bolobo field, sending all Bolobo production fluids to the Komé gathering station forprocessing. No field pump station will be required in the Miandoum field.
4.1.4 Gathering Stations
Two gathering stations will be constructed, one in Komé and one in Miandoum. The gatheringstations will receive production from individual wells via field manifolds and field pump stations.The Komé field gathering station will also receive production from the Bolobo field pump station.
The function of a gathering station is to:
• Separate produced gas and sand from incoming well fluids
• Dewater incoming well fluids to produce a 10 percent watercut emulsion and pump it via theemulsion trunkline to the CTF
• Measure the emulsion production rate and watercut to determine oil production from thefield
• Treat produced water to remove oil and sand, and pump it to an injection well
• Compress the produced gas for transportation to the CTF.
Major features of the gathering station design are discussed below.
4.1.4.1 Free-Water Knock-Out
At the Komé gathering station, tank separation will be used for free-water knock-out (FWKO).Two stages of separation are required. The first stage will be unheated and reduce theincoming emulsion watercut to 40 percent. The second stage will be heated and dewater the 40percent watercut emulsion down to 10 percent. The heat source will be waste heat recoveredfrom gas turbine exhausts at the power plant. Heat input to the process will include a producedwater recirculation loop heating the fluids from 60°C to °71C. At the Miandoum gathering
station, lower crude viscosities will allow the use of unheated FWKO tanks to separate freewater from the inlet emulsion to produce a 10 percent watercut emulsion.
4.1.4.2 Emulsion Pumping
At the Miandoum gathering station, rotary screw pumps will be provided to pump the emulsionfrom the FWKO tanks to the CTF via an emulsion trunkline. At the Komé gathering station, 10percent watercut emulsion will gravity-flow from the second stage FWKO tanks to the CTFemulsion inlet tanks.
4.1.4.3 Produced Water Treatment
Produced water from the FWKOs will be pumped to skim tanks removing solids and oil prior toreinjection of produced water. Clear-water surge tanks will be installed downstream of the skimtanks to provide surge capacity for the water system and suction for the water injection pumps.Plot space will be provided in the water plant should it be determined that additional watertreatment equipment is needed.
4.1.4.4 Sand Handling
At the Komé and Miandoum gathering stations, the majority of the sand will be removed in theFWKO tanks. As required, the tanks will be shut down and manually cleaned. The sand will bedisposed of in the landfill or another environmentally acceptable manner. Sand and other solidscarried to the produced water system will be removed in the skim tanks.
4.1.4.5 Water Injection Pumps
At each gathering station, a pumping system consisting of booster pumps and main injectionpumps will be provided to pump the treated produced water to injection wells. The Boloboproduced water will be reinjected at Komé.
4.1.4.6 Gas Compression Facilities
At the Miandoum gathering station, vapor recovery units and multi-stage reciprocatingcompressors will be provided to collect produced gas from the FWKO tanks and compress it fortransport to the CTF where it will be used as fuel gas for the power plant and tank blanketing.At the Komé gathering station, Komé and Bolobo produced gas from the FWKO system will berecovered by vapor recovery units for fuel.
4.1.4.7 Utility Systems
At each gathering station, the following utility systems will be provided:
• Potable and Utility Water
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• Pressure Relief and Flare
• Instrument and Utility Air
• Fuel Gas
• Chemical (Demulsifier) Storage and Injection
• Hot Water Process Heating (Komé Gathering Station and CTF)
• Electric Power
• Open Drain System.
4.1.5 Water Injection System And Disposal Wells
Both dry holes and converted high-watercut producers will be used as water disposal wells. Thetotal number of disposal wells is estimated to be 36 (including nine recompletions): 27 in theKomé UK field, and nine in the Miandoum field. Water disposal at Bolobo is not envisioned.Total produced water production is expected to approach 900 kbd. The total number of disposalwells and distribution between the individual fields may change as the development drillingprogram progresses. A manual choke and a meter will be provided at each wellhead.
For the Komé field, the water disposal system will consist of a water injection trunkline andlateral system from the Komé gathering station out to the disposal wells. For Miandoum,individual injection lines from the gathering station will run to each well.
4.1.6 Operations Center
The Operations Center (OC), located in the Komé field, will include the following, as shown inFigure 4-3:
• Komé Gathering Station
• Central Treating Facility
• Power Plant
• Pump Station No. 1 (PS No.1)
• Community
• Airfield
• Operations Support Facilities.
The location of the OC is directed by the following criteria:
• Have high ground elevation, away from potential flood zones
• Avoid cultivated areas and utilize existing large pad
• Be close to the field having the largest reserves and the highest fluid viscosity
• Have minimal impact on the environment.
4.1.7 Central Treating Facility
The CTF will receive emulsion and produced gas from the Komé and Miandoum gatheringstations, as well as produced oil and gas from the Komé LK.
The main functions of the CTF are:
• Dehydrate the incoming 10 percent watercut emulsion from each field to produce pipelinequality crude meeting a one percent maximum basic sediment and water (BS&W)specification
• Separate the Komé LK oil and gas
• Receive the incoming produced gas and direct it to the power plant and CTF fuel gassystems.
The key design features of the CTF are:
• The emulsion production from each field will be commingled and treated in electrostaticemulsion treaters.
• The incoming emulsion will be combined and mixed in emulsion tanks upstream from theemulsion treating system. The emulsion will be pumped from the tanks, split, and processedin seven identical parallel treating trains. Each train will have an emulsion heating systemand a treater. The inlet emulsion will first be preheated in plate exchangers by hot-treatedcrude and then by produced water from the treaters. Final heating to treating temperaturewill be accomplished using a hot water heating medium in shell and tube exchangers.
• The BS&W content of the oil will be measured after treating. Off-specification oil (wet oil)will be directed to a separate wet oil system. The wet oil will be further treated in the tanksby providing heat and retention time or it will be recycled to the inlet of the emulsion treaters.
• Temperature limits for treated oil to pipeline PS No.1 will be at a 74°C (1650F) maximum. Allcooling of the treated emulsion will be accomplished by cross-exchange with inlet emulsionfrom the field.
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• Short-term surge capacity for the treated crude will be provided at the CTF, but there will beno storage facilities for treated oil within the CTF. Treated oil will be sent to PS No. 1 forstorage. The BS&W content of the treated oil flowing to PS No. 1 will be measured and wetoil will be automatically diverted to the wet oil system.
• Gas production from the fields will be handled separately from the emulsion. The Miandoumgas and the Komé UK/Bolobo gas will have separate inlet systems. The gas streams fromthe inlet separators will be combined and used as fuel gas for the power plant and the CTF.Any liquids collected in this system will be sent to the emulsion treating system.
The following utility systems will be provided at the CTF:
• Fire Water
• Potable and Utility Water
• Pressure Relief and Flare
• Instrument and Utility Air
• Chemical Storage and Injection
• Fuel Systems (Oil and Gas)
• Process and Open Drain System
• Sanitary Sewer
• Hot Water Heating System
• Electric Power
• Diesel Crude Oil Topping Plant
• Waste Incinerator (located in Komé field)
• Landfill remote from CTF.
4.1.8 Automation
The Automation System will be designed to meet the functional requirements of the processdesign with safety of personnel, environment, and equipment paramount in the philosophy.Other major considerations are reliability, cost, and accuracy over the life of the development.Control of the CTF and the field facilities to the wellhead level will be performed from a singlecontrol room in the CTF. Secondary control rooms will be included in the gathering stations,from which each gathering station and facilities producing to that station are controlled.Typically, secondary control rooms will not be staffed. Control of the power plant at theOperations Center (OC) will be performed from the power plant control room (PPCR). Each
location will have a standalone, programmable logic controller (PLC) based system foremergency shutdown.
The Automation and Control System will be a hybrid system based on PLCs. An operatorcontrols facilities located at the CTF, gathering stations, and field sites (wellsites, manifolds, andpump stations) from the CTF control room. The field information for wellsites, pump stations,and manifolds will be relayed via telecommunications through the CTF Control System to thegathering stations. Packaged equipment PLCs will either be connected directly to the ControlSystem via serial link or interfaced via the Telecommunications System.
Each gathering station Control System will communicate with the CTF Control System viaredundant digital microwave links. Wellsites, manifolds, and pump stations will be polled usingdigital VHF (very high frequency) radios.
4.1.9 Power System Facilities
This section provides an overview and the associated details pertaining to the electrical powergeneration, transmission, and distribution system.
4.1.9.1 Overview
A power plant of 120 megawatts (MW) capacity will be installed to meet a peak electric powerdemand of approximately 105 MW. Sixty-hertz electric power will be generated at the OC powerstation and transmitted by high voltage pole line to the Komé, Miandoum, and Bolobo fields’facilities and wells. Approximately 70 percent of the power demand is for the well ESPs.
The power system will be dedicated and isolated because no existing power system is availablein the Doba Basin. The power system is designed to the necessary reliability to meet oilproduction needs. Waste heat recovery from power generation will supply process heat to theCTF and Komé gathering station.
4.1.9.2 Power Generation
Four combustion gas turbine generators (30 MW each, site rated) will be installed to meet the oilfield development area and PS No. 1 power requirements. During most of the project’s life,there will be at least one spare generator since the power demand in the oil field developmentarea is estimated to be below 90 MW. However, during years four through seven, all four unitswill be required. Due to the limited availability of natural gas, a maximum of two units will run onnatural gas and the remaining units on crude oil.
Waste heat will be recovered from the gas turbine exhausts using a hot water closed-loopsystem. The utilities and auxiliaries will include a black-start generator, a crude fuel treatment
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system, fuel selection and forwarding skids, and diesel and treated crude storage tanks. Thefuel treatment equipment will be part of the CTF operation.
4.1.9.3 Fuel Systems
Combustion turbine generators (CTGs) will be operated on Miandoum crude, Komé LK gas, andother associated gas. The turbines are fueled on either gas, crude or a combination of both.The Miandoum crude will be treated by centrifuging, filtering, and heating before injection intothe turbines. Natural gas availability is limited; however, all available gas will be consumed inthe turbines. The CTG will also be capable of operating on #2 diesel fuel oil. Diesel fuel will beused during plant commissioning, and to start and stop the units.
4.1.9.4 Prime Mover Auxiliaries
All turbines will be supplied from the following common equipment:
• Fuel gas filtration and preheat package
• Diesel oil storage
• Crude oil storage, preheat, and treatment
• Instrument air system.
A black-start diesel engine-driven generator for starting under blackout conditions will berequired. This generator will provide the necessary station service and engine auxiliary power toallow one generator set to be started.
4.1.9.5 Power Plant Building
The power plant will include a 33-kilovolt (kV) switchgear building and a combined control roomand electrical equipment building. The latter building will include the power system centralcontrol room. The gas turbine generator sets will be housed in individual, free-standing factoryenclosures with a fire detection and suppression system.
4.1.9.6 Control
The power plant will be designed to operate with minimum operator intervention. One full-timepower plant operator will be located at the power plant control room. The power plant controlsystem will be interconnected to the CTF Control System to permit exchange of operating datato the CTF plant operator in the CTF control room. Control of the power plant will be possibleonly from the power plant control room.
The power plant main operator panel will be located in the power plant control room andincorporate terminals for monitoring, controlling, and generating reports relating to the power
plant. The power plant main operator panel will control and monitor auxiliaries common to allgenerator sets. The power plant control room will house the electrical distribution control panelthat remotely controls and monitors 66-kV and 33-kV switching operations at the five fielddistribution substations. Adjacent to every generator set, there will be a standard,manufacturer-supplied local generator set control panel.
4.1.9.7 Power Plant Electrical
Generators will be connected to the buswork in a manner that allows a high degree of flexibilityfor generator, bus, and load switching. Generators will be bussed together through generatorstep-up transformers. Auxiliaries for each generator will be supplied from a central power plant,service motor-control center located near the generator set supplied from the power plantstation service bus and with alternate supply from the black-start system.
4.1.9.8 Power Transmission System
Electric power will be transmitted from the power plant to the field locations as follows:
• To 66-kV / 33-kV field distribution substations at Miandoum (M-1) and Bolobo (BP-1) by 66-kV overhead transmission lines
• To 33-kV field distribution substations at Komé (KP-1 and KP-2) by 33-kV overheadtransmission lines.
The overhead power lines will be designed for the high incidence of lightning in the area.Transmission lines will share a common utility corridor with the pipelines when possible.
4.1.9.9 Power Distribution System
Overhead distribution feeders (33-kV) will supply power from each of the five field distributionsubstations to the producing wells. Each feeder will supply between 6 to 12 ESPs. For eachESP, the 33-kV overhead feeder will be tapped. The tap will be terminated approximately 50 mfrom the well at a pole-mounted, fused disconnect. Other voltages for operating wellheadequipment, such as 24-volt direct current for the ESP-PLC, will be made available bytransforming from the ESP supply lines.
4.1.9.10 Facility Power Distribution
At the gathering stations and field pump stations, 33 kV will be supplied from the fielddistribution substations to other substations where transformation to 3.3 kV and 480 volts (V)will be performed to meet site loads. At the CTF and PS No. 1, 33 kV will be supplied from thepower plant via 33-kV cables in cable trays to substations where transformation to 3.3 kV and480 V will be performed. Onsite loads will be supplied by aboveground cables in cable trays.
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Switchgear and motor control centers will be in substation buildings. All power transformers willbe oil-filled and located outdoors.
4.1.10 Operations Center Infrastructure
The field Operations Center (OC) infrastructure facilities will include the following:
• Community
• Airfield
• Utilities (see Section 4.1.7)
• OC plant buildings
• Primary and secondary field roads.
4.1.10.1 Community
The community will be located within the OC as shown in Figure 4-3. It will provide the followingfacilities:
• Living quarters to accommodate 200 single-status people
• Cafeteria and kitchen to serve midday meals for 385 people (185 day workers and 200residents) and morning and evening meals for the 200 residents
• Recreation center and outdoor sports facilities for the residents
• Accommodations for support services staff and equipment
• Laundry facilities to wash linens and personal clothing of residents and work clothes of allemployees
• Fire protection for the community including the following:
- Hydrants
- Hose reels
- Sprinkler systems
- Smoke detectors
- Fire detectors
- Alarms
- Fire extinguishers.
• Street lighting to illuminate the streets and perimeter road for safety and security.
An airfield will be constructed to provide air transport during construction and subsequentoperations. This airfield will provide for freight transport, personnel rotation, medical emergencyevacuation, and total emergency evacuation of expatriate employees.
The airfield will be a completely fenced, private facility and will operate during daylight hoursunder visual flight rules. The runway bearing surface will permit operation throughout the entireyear. Its length will be approximately 3,200 m allowing material transportation by anAnotonov 124 aircraft. The airfield will be located southeast of the community as shown inFigure 4-3.
4.1.10.3 OC Plant Buildings
The OC plant will have the following major buildings:
• Administration Building
• CTF Control Center and Motor Control Center Buildings
• Mechanical, Electrical, and Instrumentation Maintenance Building
• General Warehouse
• Training Center and Vehicle Maintenance Building
• ESP Maintenance Building
• Power Plant Building
• Guard House.
4.1.10.4 Roadways
An all-weather laterite road will connect the OC facilities to the Moundou-Sahr road at Bébédjia.The OC facilities will in turn be connected to field facilities and wellsites by upgraded existinglaterite roads or new laterite roads. The road connecting the airfield, the community, and the OCplant will have an asphalt surface on a laterite base. Major roads within the OC plant andgathering stations will also have an asphalt surface on a laterite base.
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Construction of the oil field development facilities will span a period of approximately 2.5 years.The first year will focus on preparation of the major sites including building the initial well padsand roads; building the construction camp; starting site preparation of the airfield; andsite/foundation work for the production facilities. During the second year the construction effortwill center on the major plants including the CTF, power plant, PS No. 1 and Miandoum
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gathering station, bringing them close to mechanical completion. The majority of the interfieldpipelines, manifolds, and overhead electrical power lines will be installed during this time. Workin the final six months will shift to precommissioning activities to prepare the facilities for start-up. Throughout the construction phase, wells will continue to be drilled and civil workassociated with drill pad and road construction will be ongoing. Forty percent of the drilling willbe completed at first oil.
4.2.1 Site Preparation
Site preparation includes clearing and grubbing, contouring, and laying down a laterite base toseal underlying soils, provide for water runoff, and establish a stable platform for construction.Depending on subsoil conditions, excavation and recompaction will be required where largetanks and heavy equipment are located.
Erosion control features will include localized silt fences and drainage course impediments toslow runoff and contain sediment prior to reaching the sediment basins. Temporary drainagechannels will direct runoff to sediment basins to be used where possible for dust control.
Topsoil from the clearing and grubbing operations will be stockpiled for later use. The gradingoperations and extent of the site preparation effort will be dependent upon the rainy season.Excavation and other earthmoving activities will be kept to a minimum during the rainy season.Borrow sources for construction materials, such as sand and gravel, will be selectivelydeveloped to minimize the number of disturbed areas. Where possible, local businesses willsupply and transport materials to the job site.
During construction, old exploration infrastructure, well pads, and borrow pits will berehabilitated. Laterite from abandoned well pads or airstrips will be reused in developing newfacilities to reduce the number of new borrow pits. Topsoil stripped from clearing and grubbingoperations will be used for rehabilitation of old facility sites and borrow pits. Excess topsoilstored for more than six months will be fortified with fertilizers, soil enhancers, or other organicmaterials to maintain viability.
4.2.2 Roads
Upgrading of existing roads and construction of new roads will conform to a typical roadwaycross section (Figure 4-4). Topsoil will be stockpiled and erosion control features will beincorporated. Borrow areas for laterite will minimize surface area disturbed and be reclaimedafter use.
4.2.3 Construction Camp and Landfill
The initial activities will include the construction of the Komé camp facilities, related workshops,and temporary offices. A portion of this construction camp will serve as the permanent housing
for the operations staff. Also included in these initial facilities will be the construction materiallaydown area and establishment of a fuel storage facility. Rather than using trailers for aconstruction camp, preferentially buildings will be constructed using local materials. The initialphase of activity will also include construction of a sanitary landfill as part of the overall wastemanagement program.
4.2.4 Plant and Pipeline Construction
After completion of site preparation activities, underground utilities and flowline work will beginwith trenching and establishment of a pipe fabrication shop. Along with this underground work,foundation excavations and concrete pours will be completed. Field pipeline activities will followthe same general construction techniques used for the Transportation System pipeline. Tank,structural steel, and building construction will follow foundation preparation.
Setting of mechanical and electrical equipment such as turbine generators, pumps, vessels,and heat exchangers will commence once quality checks are complete for concrete andstructural steel work. Plant piping, electrical, and instrumentation work will conclude themechanical completion of the facilities. Final pre-commissioning activities, such as instrumentcalibration, equipment alignment, and startup verification of equipment will then take place.
4.2.5 Construction Staffing
The construction contractors will determine the size of the construction staff used for the project.The anticipated construction staff for the oil field development area will consist of approximately2,000 Chadian nationals and 1,000 expatriates during the peak construction period. Chadiansgenerally will provide their own housing, with the construction contractor providing transportationfrom collection points in the villages. For expatriates, the existing Komé drilling camp will beutilized prior to completion of the main construction camp. This camp will continue to be usedby drilling personnel during the development phase. Most expatriates will be housed in themain construction camp at Komé which will house 800 to 1,000 people during peak occupancy.
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LEGEND
OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREAChad Export Project
FIGURE 4-1
# KP-1
#
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N
Location Map
RiverRoadOil Field Outline
Gathering Station & Manifold%U Pump Station & Manifold
Export Pipeline%U Existing Well#Y Proposed Well
$T Field Manifold
#S Village/Town
5 0 5 Kilometers
N
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SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAMFOR
OIL PRODUCTION AND TREATMENT
MIANDOUMPRODUCING
WELLS
KOMÉPRODUCING
WELLS
BOLOBO
WELLSPRODUCING
KOMÉ FIELDMANIFOLDS
ANDFIELD PUMP
STATIONS
BOLOBOFIELD
MANIFOLDS
MIANDOUMFIELD
MANIFOLDS
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KOMÉGATHERING
BOLOBO
STATIONFIELD PUMP
MIANDOUM
STATIONGATHERING
MIANDOUMPRODUCED WATER
REINJECTION WELLS
KOMÉPRODUCED WATER
REINJECTION WELLS
CENTRALTREATINGFACILITY
No. 1PUMP STATION
99% OIL
99% OIL
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<1% BASIC SEDIMENTAND WATER
<1% BASIC SEDIMENTAND WATER
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90% OIL
10% WATER
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LEGEND
OIL
WATER
FIGURE 4-2
DM
GROGRO P
D & MAMES OOREDD O O OP C POR R
Chad Export Project
0 1 2
Approximate Scale in Kilometers
OPERATIONS CENTERCOMPONENTS
N
S
EW Komé Gathering StationCentral Treating FacilityPower PlantPump Station No. 1Administrative OfficesClinicOperations / Maintenance Center
Airfield(3200 meter airstrip)
Pipeline
Community
FIGURE 4-3
DM
GROGRO P
D & MAMES OOREDD O O OP C POR R
Chad Export Project
TYPICALOIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT AREA
ROADWAY CROSS SECTION
Not to Scale
2.50 m3.00 m
2.50 m3.00 m1.00 m 1.50 m 1.00 m
5.00 mVegetation Clearing
0.50 m 0.50 m
Earthmoving Level
NOTES
1. Laterite thickness variable from 15-30 cm.
2. Road widths reduced through villages as required.
3. Regional roads inside oil field development area to include pedestrian path (not shown).
4. Ditch size/slope variable and sized to accommodate water level.
