4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

What are the structures of the

endocrine system?

Gland: an organ that produces & secretes hormones

Thyroid Gland Pituitary Gland

Thymus Gland Adrenal Glands

Pineal Gland Gonads Pancreas4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

Gland-

-any organ that produces a secretion called hormones

-ductless

-only act on target organ cells(which immediately cause a reponse in the body)

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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The Pituitary Gland

The Master Gland

Size of a grape

Located at the base of the brain

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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The Pituitary GlandThe pituitary gland and its hormones

Anterior lobe:1.Growth Hormone: fat for energy

2.Prolactin Hormone: production of milk after birth in female breast tissue

3.TSH: growth and secretion of thyroid gland

4.ACTH: growth and secretion of adrenal cortex

5.FSH: estrogen in females and sperm in males

6.Luteinizing Hormone: progesterone in women & testosterone in man

Posterior lobe:1.Vasopressin: antidiuretic hormone

2.Oxytocin: released in childbirth to contract the uterus

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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Thyroid Gland

Butterfly shaped

Located in the anterior neck on either side of the larynx, over the trachea

(Thyroxine) Controls metabolism, protein synthesis (helps tissue growth), breakdown of liver glycogen into glucose

Produces calcitonin: prevents hypercalcemia in blood

4.03 Remember the structures of the

endocrine system6

Parathyroid Glands

Four glands

Size of a grain of rice

Attached to the posterior thyroids

Increases number of osteoclast that invades hard bone; digests calcium in the bone & release it into the blood stream

Antagonistic to the thyroid gland

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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Thymus GlandServes both the endocrine system and the lymphatic system

Located under the sternum

Large during childhood but atrophy with age.

Makes T-lymphocytes critical to the immune system

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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Adrenal GlandThere are two adrenal glands.

One is located on top of each kidney.

Cortex – outside Corticoids: anti-inflammatory hormones

Mineralcorticoids: hormone works on kidney functioning

Glucocorticoids: conversion of protein and fats to glycogen in the liver & breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Sex Hormones

Medulla – insideEpinephrine (adrenaline) fight or flight

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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Gonads

Sex glands

Testes (male)

Sperm and Testosterone

Development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characterisitics

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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Gonads

Sex glands:

Ovaries (female)

Estrogen and progesterone

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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PancreasLocated behind the stomach

Both an endocrine and exocrine gland

The endocrine portion is the Islets of Langerhans (produce insulin)

Lack of insulin inhibits glucose to be utilized effectively which contributes to diabetes

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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Pineal Gland

In third ventricle of brain

Produces Melatonin (stimulated by nerves in the brain from the optic

nerve)

Increase light passage from optic nerve less melatonin made

Darker more melatonin production

Prostaglandin

Produced in various tissues

Named Prostaglandins because they were originally thought to be produced in the prostate

4.03 Remember Structures of theendocrine system

What are the structures of the

endocrine system?

4.03 Remember the structures of the endocrine system

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