41 Circulatory System

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THE

CirculatorySystem


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Function

All parts help to move

nutrients, waste, and oxygenaround the body.


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The Circulatory System is made up of:

Heart: major organ in thecirculatorysystem

Made up of three musclelayers

p. 73


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Muscle Layers

Myocardiumsecond layermuscle that makes up the thickness

of the heart

Endocardiumthin later insideMyocardium

Epicardiumthin cover over theMyocardium
http://teaching.path.cam.ac.uk/Normal/CR_Cardiorespiratory/HT_Heart/N_CR_HT_02small.jpg


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Circulatory System Other parts of the circulatory system

are the arteries, capillaries, veins, and

blood. They all move nutrients,

metabolic waste, and oxygen.

Another important role the circulatory

system plays is protection againstMicrobesand injury


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The Circulatory System is made up of:

Veins: carry de-oxygenated blood from

body to heart

Arteries: carry oxygen

rich blood to body cells-away


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Arterioles: small arteries thatconnect to capillaries

Venules: small veins thatcapillaries empty into

Capillaries: minute bloodvessels in body tissues thatconnect venules and arterioles,allowing for exchange of

materials through


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Lymph vessels/glands:removes excess fluid from

tissue, filter it, and providedisease fighting lymphocytes

and antibodies


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Types of Circulation

Pulmonary

Systemic*Makes it a double circulation

system, which is also called aclosed system


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Parts of the Circulatory System

Left atrium:Receives blood fromthe pulmonary veins

Left ventricle:pumps blood to theaorta

Right atrium: Receives blood

from both vena cava Right ventricle: Pumps blood into

the Pulmonary artery


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When the

ventriclesrelax -this is

called diastoleWhen the heart beats, the

ventricles contract -this iscalled systole


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Aorta:The major (LARGEST)

artery leaving the heart withoxygenated blood that becomes the

abdominal and the thoracic

aortasto deliver this blood toarteries all through the body

Coronary Arteries(L/R): Branch offthe aorta to supply blood to the heart

muscle itself


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Coronary Veins(L/R): Returndeoxygenated blood to heart

Brachiocephalic trunk(Artery):Branches off the aorta, it branches

into the Carotid Arterieswhichsupply the head and neck region with

oxygenated blood, then the JugularVeinsbring the deoxygenated bloodback


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Branch off the (abdominal)

aorta Internal and External Iliac

Arteries: to supply the pelvic andhip region with oxygenated blood,then branch into Femoral Arteries

Renal Arteries: Supply oxygenatedblood to kidneys, also supplies blood

for filtration


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Superior Vena Cava:

Brings blood from head,neck, and forelimb toheart

Inferior Vena Cava:

Brings blood from lowerregions of body toheart


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Pulmonary Artery:

Receives deoxygenated bloodfrom right ventricle and

carries it to the lungsPulmonary vein: Brings

oxygenated blood fromthe lungs to left atrium


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Hepatic Portal Vein: Carriesdeoxygenated blood from the

gastric vein from the stomach, thesplenic vein from the spleen,pancreatic veins from the pancreas,and the mesenteric vein from theintestines, to the liver to be purified

(and to store the nutrients), thencarries the blood back to the heartthrough the inferior(caudal) vena

cava


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Cardiac (Striated Involuntary)

Muscle


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Bovine Heart


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Transverse

Section

of

Bovine Heart


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b. Tricuspid Valvea. Bicuspid(Mitral) Valve


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Right Pulmonary

Artery

Superior Vena

Cava

Inferior Vena

Cava


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Aortic Arch


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http://www.enchantedlearning.com/label/


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http://www.enchantedlearning.com/label/


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ACTIVITY: Listen to the Lub-

Dub

When you go for a checkup, your

doctor uses aSTETHOSCOPE to listen

carefully to your heart. A healthy heartmakes a lub-dubsound with each beat.

This sound comes from the valvesopening and shuttingon the blood

inside the heart.

h fi d (l b) h h h


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The first sound (lub) happens when the

blood hits the mitral and tricuspid

valves between the atria and ventricles.

The next sound (dub) happens when the

blood hits the aortic and pulmonicvalves that close up after the blood has

been squeezed out of the heart and as

the heart relaxes to fill with blood for

the next beat.


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Select a partner, obtain astethoscope and practice

listening for the lub dubnoises.

p. 113


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ACTIVITY 2 Heartdissection in small

groups


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EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Kidneys and bladderpart ofthe Excretory Systemthatrids the body of waste.

In addition, the kidneysmaintain chemical

composition, volume ofblood, and tissue fluid.p. 73


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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The stomachand intestines largelycomprise this system. They breakdown food into smaller pieces to

be used by the body. Nutrients aregleaned (extracted) from the food

particles.


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Fish have gills


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Amphibians

Amphibians can breathe throughtheir lungs & moist skin by a

process known as OSMOSIS They take in oxygen, water, salt and other

minerals necessary to sustain life throughthe process of osmosis.

Osmosis is the process by which water diffusesthrough a cell membrane.


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Nervous System

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves make

up the Nervoussystem. The

coordinator of all body activities,regulates other systems, and controls

memory and learning

p. 73


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Skeletal System

Bone, cartilage and joints make up

the skeletal system, which provides

protection for all the vital organs.


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Muscular System

Voluntary Muscles

Involuntary Muscles (animalcant control Ex=heart)

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41 Circulatory System

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