14.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

URBAN POVERTY MAPPING

UPA Package 4, Module 1

24.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Urban Poverty Mapping

• Module 4.1 Urban Poverty and Data Sources • Module 4.2 Statistics• Module 4.3 Geographical Information Systems

Rationale and Objectives of Educational Package

”Urban Poverty Mapping”

34.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Urban Poverty Mapping

• Lessons (12)• Exercises (9) based on Netherlands and Enschede data• Exercises (3) based on Cebu data• Self study• Exam

44.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Urban Poverty, Remote Sensing and GIS

• Urban Poverty (package 1), Land (package 2) and • Settlement Improvement (package 3)• Slums, Poverty and Inequity• Remote Sensing, can you see the poor?• GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping

54.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Multi-dimensions of Poverty (Educational Package 1)

Urban Poverty

Monetary dimensions

Non-Monetary dimensions

Income

Consumption

Healthy and Nutrition Poverty

Education Poverty

Basic services and Living conditions

others e.g. empowerment

64.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

90%of the population growth between 2000 and 2030 will take place in the cities of the developing world

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

5,000,000

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

Year

To

tal P

op

ula

tio

n (

tho

usa

nd

s)

urban

rural

Source: World Urbanization Prospects 2001

74.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Urban Growth

Urban Population in millions and (% of total population)

Region

1985 2000 2015 2030

Africa 160 (30) 295 (37) 489 (45) 748 (54)

Asia 836 (29) 1367 (37) 1770 (46) 2664 (55) Europe 496 (70) 529 (73) 537 (75) 545 (80) Latin America and the Caribbean

273 (68) 393 (76) 508 (81) 602 (85)

Northern America 201 (75) 250 (79) 304 (84) 354 (87) Oceania 17 (71) 23 (73) 27 (74) 31 (75) Total 1985 (41) 2857 (47) 3856 (54) 4945 (61)

84.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

94.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Access to Land and Security of Tenure (Educational Package 2)

• Background of insecure tenure (poverty / invasions AND weak institutional/legal frameworks)

• Importance of (de-facto) security of tenure for settlement development

• Policies, programmes and (project) interventions

27 minutes video BBC World: Land Rites / Negative impact of forced evictions

104.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Security of Land Tenure

Security of tenure describes an agreement between an individual or group on land and residential property which is governed and regulated by a legal and administrative framework. The security derives from the fact that the right of access to and use of the land and property is underwritten by a known set of rules, and that this right is justifiable. The tenure can be effected in a variety of ways, depending on constitutional and legal frameworks, social norms, cultural values, and to some extent, individual preferences (UNCHS, 1999).

114.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Security of Land Tenure

Policy environment Household/individual experience/perceptions

Secure Insecure

Secure Both context and household secure: High security

Environment insecure, Household secure: Medium security

Insecure Household/individual insecure; environment secure: Medium security

Both insecure: High insecurity

124.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Land Management and Poverty Alleviation

• How the poor lose their place in the city

Urbanization, Informal developments, displacement, gentrification, resettlement

• How the poor regain their place in the city

Tenure improvement and settlement upgrading

134.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Slums, Poverty, Inequity

144.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

The Urbanization of Poverty

154.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Cities without Slums; the Inclusive City

• A Dwelling is a Slum if one, or more, of these criteria are missing:

• Access to improved water and access to improved sanitation• Sufficient living area, not overcrowded• Structural quality / durability of dwellings• Security of Tenure

Land:Security of Tenure

Non – Hazardous Location

Sewage Water

Dwelling:

Permanent Structure

< 3 persons per room

164.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Slums of the World

174.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Slum Trend 1990 - 2001

184.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Cities: Places for the Rich and the Poor

194.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor?

Poverty Line and Living Conditions

Basic Needs Below Poverty Line Above Poverty Line

Unsatisfied Structural Poor Potential Non-Poor

Satisfied New Poor Non-Poor

204.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor?

Visible characteristics of slums• Dwelling size, building material, morphology, location,

density, dispersed or concentrated, others?

Are slum dwellers socio-economic homogenous?

Non-visible characteristics of poverty• New poor, hidden poverty

214.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Remote Sensing

• Ground photos / aerial photographs and satellite images

• Technical specifications (spatial resolution)

224.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Spatial Resolution

50km

meteosat

1km

NOAA

30m

TM

10m

SPOT

5

IRS

2

KVR

<1m

Ikonos

234.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

Remote Sensing

Interpretation and Classification

Land Use Classes

Detailed / General

How to Identify/delineate

244.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS 4.1.1 Urban Poverty, Slums, Remote Sensing and GIS

GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping

• Geo-Visualizatio• Aggregation/dis-aggregation (Addis, Kebeles / Sub-cities)• Participatory Approach (Nakuru)• Poverty Mapping Methodologies (World Bank)• GIS = gluing (spatial) data producers, institutional

collaboration• Where are the poor? What can be done?