4/2 Bell RingerClear every thing off your desk except something to write with!

4/3 Bell RingerHow can a nation increase

its prestige?

Imperialism

What is an empire?•Group of states under one ruler

Motive of Imperialism•Economic

▫Raw materials- needed rubber, petroleum, palm oil

▫Markets- New consumers that would want factory goods

Motives of Imperialism•Military/Political

▫Needed bases for coal & supplies▫Competition- felt colonies were necessary

for national security, increases prestige

Motives of Imperialism•Religious- duty to spread what Westerners

saw as blessings of Western civilization (Christianity, law, medicine)

Motives of Imperialism•Social Darwinism- applied Darwin’s

theory of survival of the fittest to human society▫Gave Europeans an argument to support

racial superiority

What allowed Imperialism?•Machine guns (other superior military

technology)•Medicine

▫Quinine- fights malaria

4/2 Bell RingerWho benefits from “new

imperialism”? How do they benefit?

Imperialism in Africa

Types of Imperialism•Direct (French)- sent in officials from

their countries to run the colonies•Indirect (British)- used sultans, chiefs,

local rulers•Protectorate- local rulers, but expected to

follow advice of European advisors•Sphere of influence- Area in which an

outside power claims exclusivity in investments or trading privileges

Scramble for Africa•Begins in the late 1800s•People spoke hundred of languages, had

various gov’t types•Explorers go into Africa, followed by

missionaries

David Livingstone•Explorer & missionary•Explored Africa, wrote about his

experiences•When people don’t hear from him, Henry

Stanley goes on a journey to find him•Henry Stanley (journalist) goes to find

him▫Meets him in Tanzania

King Leopold II & the Belgian Congo•Hires Henry Stanley to explore Congo &

arrange trading treaties•Other nations scramble to get various

claims (Scramble for Africa)•Exploits the riches•Brutalizes the villagers

Berlin Conference•Took place in Berlin, Germany 1884•Avoid violent conflict•Goal was to lay ground rules of

colonization•Attended by major European leaders, no

Africans were invited•Redraws the map of Africa

Boer War•1899-1902 British vs. Boers (descendants

of Dutch settlers)•War fought in South Africa over access to

diamonds•Britain wins, creates Union of South

Africa•Sets up new constitution

▫System of complete racial segregation

Ethiopia•Remain independent•Import latest weaponry & hires European

officers to train military•Italy invades

▫Ethiopia is prepared, so they are able to fight off the invaders

4/3 Bell RingerClear everything off of

your desk and have something (pen or

pencil) to write with.

4/4 Bell RingerWhat is your definition of

Imperialism?

What is Imperialism?•Process of forming an empire by creating

colonies•Domination by one country of the

political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

•Europe has new economic & military strength

•1870s- Europe starts aggressive expansion “new imperialism”

India

Mughal Power Declines•Mughal dynasty’s power is collapsing•British East India Company has trading

rights on the edge of the Mughal dynasty•As Mughal power decreases, East India

Company’s power increases▫By mid 1800’s it controls 3/5 of India

British East India Company•Goal is to make as much money as

possible•Encourage disunity and competition•Force sepoys (Indian soldiers) to serve in

military▫New rifles issued cause MAJOR problems

Leading up to the Sepoy Rebellion•To load the new rifles they had to bite off

the end•Cartridges were greased with animal fat

(either cow or pigs)•Cow was considered sacred by Hindus

and Muslims are forbidden to consume pigs

•Troops refuse to load rifles, they are imprisoned

Sepoy Rebellion•Sepoys rise against British officers•British eventually crush the revolt and

take revenge•Rebellion leaves both sides not trusting

the other

Britain suppresses India•Parliament ends the rule of the East India

Company and takes direct control of India•Sends more troops to India (and taxes

them for it)•Modernize India for their own reasons

(markets, raw materials)•Influence accidentally bring nationalism

4/7 Bell RingerHow do you usually study for your exams? Do you think it is

effective? Why or why not?

How can you improve?

China

Qing Dynasty•Qing dynasty had power of China

Opium Wars•Britain starts trading with China

▫Opium for tea•Lots of people become addicted to opium

▫Creates economic problems•Chinese outlaw opium, seize the drug

▫Ask Britain to stop the trade•Britain fights for the right to trade•Britain wins due to superior military

technology

Treaty of Nanjing•1842 Ends the Opium Wars•VERY unfair to the Chinese•Opens China to more trading (opium

trade continues)•British get Hong Kong (and lots of $$$)

Sino-Japanese war•China is behind in industrialization•Japan and Western powers are still

modernizing quickly▫Japan starts to want more land

•Pressure on China from Japan leads to war▫Japan gains the island of Taiwan

•China’s defeat shows weakness

Taiping Rebellion•Qing dynasty is declining•Peasants rebel (1850-1864)

▫Call for an end to Qing dynasty•Rebellion is eventually crushed by the

government

Open Door Policy•British and French carve spheres of

influence along Chinese coast•U.S. did not take any spheres of influence,

feared they would be shut out of trade•Call for Open Door Policy- Policy to keep

Chinese trade open for everyone ▫Major silk trade

Boxer Rebellion•Anti-foreign rule and influence explodes•1899 Chinese form secret society

(Righteous Harmonious Fists)▫Attack foreigners in attempt to drive them

out of China•China is unsuccessful at driving out

foreign influence, but the rebellion causes nationalism to spread