PPT 8.2.1

Networks, Network operating Networks, Network operating systemssystems

PPT 8.2.2

Networking - BasicsNetworking - Basics Network definedNetwork defined The difference between Standalone The difference between Standalone

and networked Systemsand networked Systems Advantages of networkingAdvantages of networking Disadvantages of networkingDisadvantages of networking Why use networkWhy use network

To share informationTo share information To Share hardware and softwareTo Share hardware and software Centralizing administration Centralizing administration

PPT 8.2.3

Types of networksTypes of networks Classification based on Classification based on

geographical areageographical area LANLAN WANWAN

PPT 8.2.4

Local Area NetworksLocal Area Networks Limited geographic areaLimited geographic area High speed and error free data High speed and error free data

transmissiontransmission Not expensiveNot expensive

PPT 8.2.5

Wide Area NetworksWide Area Networks Connects computers over Connects computers over

states, countries etc.,states, countries etc., Unlimited geographical Unlimited geographical

coveragecoverage More sophisticatedMore sophisticated Connects LANs and MANsConnects LANs and MANs Expensive technologyExpensive technology

PPT 8.2.6

Network configurationNetwork configuration Classification based on how Classification based on how

computers behave in a computers behave in a networknetwork

Two classifications areTwo classifications are Peer-to-Peer networkPeer-to-Peer network Server based networkServer based network

PPT 8.2.7

Peer-to-Peer networkPeer-to-Peer network Nodes provide and request Nodes provide and request

servicesservices User in each node administers User in each node administers

resourcesresources No extra investmentNo extra investment Easy to setupEasy to setup Very weak securityVery weak security Additional load on nodesAdditional load on nodes

PPT 8.2.8

Server based networkServer based network Designated computer to Designated computer to

administeradminister Resources centralizedResources centralized Supports larger networksSupports larger networks Strong securityStrong security ExpensiveExpensive

PPT 8.2.9

Network hardwareNetwork hardware HubHub CablesCables ConnectorsConnectors SwitchesSwitches RoutersRouters

PPT 8.2.10

HubHub Standard component in Standard component in

networknetwork TypesTypes

Active, PassiveActive, Passive ManageableManageable

Easier administrationEasier administration Centralized monitoring of Centralized monitoring of

networknetwork

PPT 8.2.11

CablesCables Wires the LAN, usuallyWires the LAN, usually Transmit signals through networkTransmit signals through network Different cable considerations Different cable considerations

according to needaccording to need TypesTypes

Co-axialCo-axial Twisted PairTwisted Pair Fiber-opticFiber-optic

PPT 8.2.12

Co-axial cableCo-axial cable Most trusted in Most trusted in

earlier networksearlier networks Carries data as Carries data as

electromagnetic electromagnetic signalssignals

Good resistance Good resistance against against interferenceinterference

PPT 8.2.13

Twisted pairTwisted pair Pair of insulated Pair of insulated

copper wirescopper wires TypesTypes

Shielded(STP)Shielded(STP) Unshielded(UTP)Unshielded(UTP)

UTP common in LANUTP common in LAN Max. cable length – Max. cable length –

100 meters100 meters

PPT 8.2.14

Fiber optic cablesFiber optic cables Core – cylinder of glassCore – cylinder of glass Not subject to Not subject to

interferenceinterference Transfer rate – more Transfer rate – more

than 100 mbpsthan 100 mbps ExpensiveExpensive

PPT 8.2.15

Connectors for UTPConnectors for UTP RJ – 11 and RJ – 45RJ – 11 and RJ – 45 RJ11 in telephone RJ11 in telephone

cables – 4 cable cables – 4 cable connectionsconnections

RJ45 in LAN cables RJ45 in LAN cables – 8 cable – 8 cable connectionsconnections

PPT 8.2.16

Network adapter cardNetwork adapter card Prepares data from Prepares data from

computer for computer for network and sendsnetwork and sends

Receives data from Receives data from network and network and translates for translates for computercomputer

PPT 8.2.17

Using IP address Using IP address Two methodsTwo methods

Static addressingStatic addressing Using DHCPUsing DHCP

Two componentsTwo components Network IDNetwork ID Host IDHost ID

3 classes3 classes Class A networksClass A networks Class B networksClass B networks Class C networksClass C networks

PPT 8.2.18

Network troubleshootingNetwork troubleshooting In case of problemsIn case of problems

Check Physical connection firstCheck Physical connection first Check power supply in the hubCheck power supply in the hub Check sample packet transferCheck sample packet transfer Check configurationCheck configuration

PPT 8.2.19

Network operating systemsNetwork operating systems Co-ordinates hardware and Co-ordinates hardware and

softwaresoftware Ties together all computers Ties together all computers

and peripheralsand peripherals Provides security by Provides security by

controlling access to resources controlling access to resources and peripherals sharedand peripherals shared

Manages users Manages users

PPT 8.2.20

Network operating systems Network operating systems availableavailable Windows NTWindows NT Windows 2000 & Windows Windows 2000 & Windows

Server 2003Server 2003 Netware from NovellNetware from Novell UnixUnix Apple MacintoshApple Macintosh

PPT 8.2.21

SharesShares Sharing allows access to resources Sharing allows access to resources

over networkover network Folders and devices are directly Folders and devices are directly

shared; not files or programsshared; not files or programs Permissions for access can be Permissions for access can be

assigned to users and groupsassigned to users and groups Level of permission can be variedLevel of permission can be varied

PPT 8.2.22

User accountsUser accountsLocal User AccountsLocal User Accounts

Enable users to log on and access resources on a specific computer

Domain User AccountsDomain User Accounts Enable users to log on to the domain to gain access to

network resources Reside in Active Directory

Enable users to perform administrative tasks or gain temporary access to network resources

Reside in SAM (local built-in user accounts) Reside in Active Directory (domain built-in user accounts)

Built-in User AccountsBuilt-in User Accounts

PPT 8.2.23

User Access issuesUser Access issues

Domain LogonDomain Logon Access verificationAccess verification Grant/deny accessGrant/deny access

PPT 8.2.24

Password SecurityPassword Security Do not allow blank passwordsDo not allow blank passwords Assign a Password for the Administrator Assign a Password for the Administrator

AccountAccount Determine Who Has Control over Determine Who Has Control over

PasswordsPasswords Educate Users on How to Use PasswordsEducate Users on How to Use Passwords

Avoid obvious associations, such as a family nameAvoid obvious associations, such as a family name Use long passwordsUse long passwords Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase

characterscharacters

PPT 8.2.25

Installing network printerInstalling network printer InvolvesInvolves

Installing the printerInstalling the printer ConfiguringConfiguring SharingSharing AdministeringAdministering

This completes the unitThis completes the unit

Thank youThank you