4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 1 of 15

Session I.2.3

Part I Review of Fundamentals

Module 2 Basic Physics and MathematicsUsed in Radiation Protection

Session 3 Particles and Photons

IAEA Post Graduate Educational CourseRadiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 2 of 15

In this session we will discuss accelerated charged particles and X-rays

We will discuss the mechanisms for the production of Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic X-ray radiation

Overview

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 3 of 15

Accelerated Particles

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 4 of 15

W

e-

Tungstennucleus X-ray

Bremsstrahlung

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 5 of 15

Bremsstrahlung

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 6 of 15

GLASSENVELOPE ELECTRON

STREAM

FILAMENT

CATHODE

FOCUSINGCUP

WINDOWUSEFUL X-RAYS

TUNGSTENTARGET

ANODE

X-Ray Unit

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 7 of 15

Diagnostic Medical X-Ray Unit

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 8 of 15

Characteristic X-Ray Radiation

incidentelectron vacancy

createdelectron

transitionX-ray

emitted

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 9 of 15

Characteristic Radiation

Opticalradiation

unexcitedatom

N

M

L

K radiation

L radiation

Opticalorbits

Valenceelectron

K

M radiation

70,000

11,000

2500

0

Energy

(6v)

nottoscale

L radiation

W

Optical energy levels

K

L

O

M

N

K radiation w

M

N

L

K

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 10 of 15

Polyenergetic vs.Monoenergetic X-Rays

Energy

Polyenergetic

E1 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14E2 E3 E4 E5 Emax

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 11 of 15

missingdue to

filtration

Energy

Polyenergetic

E1 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14E2 E3 E4 E5

Polyenergetic vs.Monoenergetic X-Rays

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 12 of 15Energy

Polyenergetic

E1 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14E2 E3 E4 E5

Monoenergetic

Eeff

Polyenergetic vs.Monoenergetic X-Rays

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 13 of 15

Characteristic Radiation

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 14 of 15

Characteristic Radiation

Opticalradiation

unexcitedatom

N

M

L

K radiation

L radiation

Opticalorbits

Valenceelectron

K

M radiation

70,000

11,000

2500

0

Energy

(6v)

nottoscale

L radiation

W

Optical energy levels

K

L

O

M

N

K radiation w

M

N

L

K

4/2003 Rev 2 I.2.3 – slide 15 of 15

Where to Get More Information

Cember, H., Johnson, T. E., Introduction to Health Physics, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (2008)

Martin, A., Harbison, S. A., Beach, K., Cole, P., An Introduction to Radiation Protection, 6th Edition, Hodder Arnold, London (2012)

Jelley, N. A., Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)

Firestone, R.B., Baglin, C.M., Frank-Chu, S.Y., Eds., Table of Isotopes (8th Edition, 1999 update), Wiley, New York (1999)