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Welcome to [ ] Dr. Myrza Rahmanita, SE, M.Sc Survey http://oasishr.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Engagement-Surveys.jpg RESEARCH DESIGN
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Welcome to
[ ]Dr. Myrza Rahmanita, SE, M.ScSurvey
http://oasishr.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Engagement-Surveys.jpg
RESEARCH DESIGN
FIRST LET’S WE SEE ABOUTThe Learning Objectives
The process for selecting the appropriate and optimal communication approach.
Factors affect participation in communication studies.
Sources of error in communication studies and how to minimize them.
Major advantages and disadvantages of the three communication approaches.
Why an organization might outsource a communication study.
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DATA COLLECTIONApproach
10-5
As Shown in the diagram below …
SELECTINGa Communication Data Collection Approach
10-7
As Shown in the diagram below …
COMMUNICATIONApproach
10-9
Weaknesses
• Error• Inaccessible
populations
Strengths
• Versatility• Efficiency• Geographic coverage
As Shown in the table below …
SOURCEof Error
10-11
Measurement Questions
Interviewer
Participant
As Shown in the diagram below …
PARTICIPANTMotivation
10-13
As Shown in the diagram below …
RESPONSETerms
10-15
Noncontact rate
Refusal rate
Incidence rate
As Shown in the diagram below …
COMMUNICATIONApproach
10-17
Self-Administered
Survey
Survey via PersonalInterview
TelephoneSurvey
As Shown in the table below …
DESIGNING QUESTIONNAIREUsing the TDM
10-19
Disk-by-Mail
Intercept
Modes
Drop-off
CASI
Fax
As Shown in the diagram below …
10-20
Anonymity
Topic Coverage
Systematic
Sample Accessibility
Costs
Time Constraints
And also As Shown in the diagram below …
SELF-ADMINISTEREDSurveys
10-22
Easy to read
Offer clear directions
Include personalization
Notify in advance
Encourage response
As Shown in the diagram below …
OPTIONSFor Web-Based Surveys
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Surveying Software
ADVANTAGESof Surveying Sofware
10-27http://www.surveyexpression.com/images/banner.png
Questionnaire design in word processing environment Question and scale libraries Automated publishing to the Web Real-time viewing of incoming data Rapid transmission of results Flexible analysis and reporting mechanisms
THE WEBas a Survey Research Venue
10-29
AdvantagesCost savingsShort turnaroundUse of visual stimuliAccess to participants Perception of anonymityAccess to data and experiences otherwise unavailable
DisadvantagesRecruitmentCoverageDifficulty developing probability samplesTechnical skillSystem compatibility issuesPossible self-selection bias
As Shown in the table below …
ADVANTAGE OFSelf-Administered Study
10-31
As Shown in the table below …
• Access inaccessible participants
• Incentives for higher response rates
• Lowest-cost• Geographic
coverage• Minimal staff
needed• Perceived
anonymity• Reflection time
• Question complexity• Rapid data collection • Visuals possible• Multiple sampling
possible
DISADVANTAGE OFSelf-Administered Study
10-33
• Low response rates in some modes• No interviewer
intervention• Cannot be too long• Cannot be too complex• Requires accurate list
• Skewed responses by extremists• Participant anxiety
possible• Directions necessary• Need for low-
distraction environment• Security
As Shown in the table below …
IMPROVINGResponse Rates
10-35
Monetary Incentives
Participation Deadlines
Promise of Anonymity
Appeal for Participation
Advance Notification
Reminders
Return Directions & Devices
As Shown in the explanation below …
TELEPHONESurveys
10-37
Traditional
CATI systems
Computer-administered
http://www.prattlibrary.org/uploadedImages/www/locations/central/social_science_and_history/j0411730.jpg
As Shown in the explanation below …
DESIGNING QUESTIONNAIREUsing the TDM
10-39
Lower Cost vs. Personal Interview
Wide geographic coverage
Fewer Interviewers
Reduced interviewer bias
Fast completion time
Random dialing
CATI
As Shown in the explanation below …
DISADVANTAGEof the Telephone Survey
10-41
• Lower response rate • Early termination• Higher costs if
geographically dispersed sample
• Limited Interview length• Inaccessible populations• Limited complexity of
scales
iPhone
Voice-over IP
As Shown in the explanation below …
SURVEYvia Personal Interview
THERE ARE TWO KIND OF SURVEY VIA PERSONAL
INTERVIEWCAPI&INTERCEPT
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PERSONAL INTERVIEWSurvey
10-45
Advantages
Good cooperation ratesInterviewer can probe and explainVisual aids possibleIlliterate participants can be reachedInterviewer can prescreenCAPI possible
Disadvantages
High costsNeed for highly trained interviewersTime consumingLabor-intensiveSome unwilling to invite strangers into homesInterviewer bias possible
As Shown in the table below …
