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( Reaffirmed 1995 )

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IS: 4332 ( Part VII) - 1973Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FOR STABILIZED SOILSPART VII DETERMINATION OF CEMENT CONTENT OF

CEMENT STABILIZED SOILSSoil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23

ChairmanPROB DINESH MOHAN

Members

RepresentingCentral Building Research Institute ( CSIR ),Roorkee

Ssnr D. R. NAilaHARI (Alternate toProf Dinesh Mohan )PROF ALAM SINQH University of Jodhpur, ,JodhpurDR A. BANERJE~Z Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay

SHRI S. GUPTA ( dk?f72&?SHRI B. B. L. BRATNAGAR Irrigation and Power Research Institute, AmritsarSHRI K. N. DADINA In personalCalcurnz-53 ) capacity ( P-820 JVCw Ali/>ore,Sam A. C. DASTIDAR Hindustan Construction Co, BombayStritr R. L. DEWAN Irrigation Research Institute, Khagaul, PatnaDa G. S. DHILLON Indian Geotechnical Society, New DelhiDIREWUR ( C;SMI

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IS : 4332 Part VII ) - 1973( Continued from page 1 )

r&n16ers RepresentingSan1 RAVINDE~ LAL National Buildings Organization, New DelhiSHRI S. H. BALACI~ANDANI ( Alternate)RESEARCI~ OFFICX:B Buildings & Roads Research Laboratory, PublicWorks Department, Government of PunjabMAJ K. M. S. SA~ASI Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army HeadquartersSHRI P. PUTHI SIGAMANI ( Alternate )SECRETARY Central Board of I rrigation & Power, New DelhiDR SHADISHEB RAKASH University of Roorkee, RoorkeeSRRI II.D. SHAHMA I rrigation Research Institute, Roorkee&RI S. N. SINHA

SHRI A. S. BIS~N~I ( Alfernnte ) Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping & Transport )SIJ PERINTENDINO E N o J N E pi:n Concrete & Soil Research Laboratory, Public( P I, A N N I N c AND DESIQNCIRCLE ) t;;F Department, Government of Tam11E x E 0 u T 1 v B E~orNnEn-IN-CHARQE (SOIL MECHANICSAND RESEARCH DIVISION ) ( Alternate )SRRI C. G. SWAMINATHAN Institution of Engineers ( India ), CalcuttaSI~RI H. C. VERMA All India Instruments Manufacturers & DealersAssociation, BombaySERI V. K. VASUDEVAN ( Alternate )SHRI H. G. VERMA Public Works Department, Government of UttarPradeshSHRI D. C. CHATURVEDI ( Alternate )SIIRI D. AJ ITHA STMHA, Director General, IS1 ( EzwQicio Member )Director ( Civ Engg )

SecretarySHRI G. RADIANDeputy Director (Civ Engg ), IS1

Soil Testing Procedures and Eyuipment Subcommittee, BDC 23 : 3Conr,ener

Pno~ ALUM SINGSMembers

DR R. K. BrrANDanIUniversity of J odhpur, J odhpurCentral Road Research I nstitute (CSIR ),

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IS : 4332 Part VII ) - 1973

METHODS OF TEST FOR STABILIZED SOILSPART VII DETERMINATION OF CEMENT CONTENT OF

CEMENT STABILIZED SOILS

0. FOREWORD0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part VII) was adopted by the Indian StandardsInstitution on 16 February 1973, after the draft finalized by the SoilEngineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the CivilEngineering Division Council.0.2 Soil stabilization is the chemical or mechanical treatment designedto increase or maintain the stability of mass of soil or otherwise toimprove its engineering properties. There are several methods of stabi-lization and these may be broadly classified on the basis of treatmentgiven to the soil (for example, dewatering and compaction ), processinvolved ( for example, thermal and electrical ), and additives employed( for example, asphalt and cement). The choice of a particular methoddepends on the characteristics of the problem on hand and on the natureof soil type encountered. For studying in the laboratory, the methods andeffects of stabilization, certain standard methods of test for the evaluationof properiies of stabilized soils and their analysis are required. Therequired standards on methods of test for stabilized soils are being pub-lished in parts and this part lays down the method of test for determiningcement content of cement stabilized soils.0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given tointernational co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing

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IS t 4332 ( Part VII ) - 19733.2 Oxalic Acid - N/l@; weigh 1,575 g of HzC-,042Hz0 and make upto 250 ml in a volumetric flask.3.3 Sulphuric Acid - 2 N; add 12.5 ml of pure sulphuric acid to 240 mlof water.3.4 Ammonium Nitrate - Dissolve 20 g of ammonium nitrate in onelitre of water.3.5 Hydrochloric Acid - 2 N; sp gr 1 19 mixed with equal volume ofdistilled water.3.6 Ammonium Oxalate - saturated solution.3.7 Ammonium Hydroxide - SD gr 0.89. Mix ammonium hydroxideand distilled water &I the ratio of 1: 2 (one part of ammonia andparts of distilled water ) .3.8 Calcium Chloride Solution- Disso!ve one part by weight ofin 100 parts by weight of distilled water.4. SAMPLES

twosalt

4.0 Samples given in 4.1 to 4.3 shall be selected for the test as given inIS : 4332 (Part I )-1967.4.1 Raw Soil -representative of the soil phase of the soil-cementmixture.

hToTIi:-The results of this test are very sensitive to the variation of calciumcontent in,soil. Hence, due attention should be paid to samplmg to obtain representa-tive samples and the number of samples to be tested.4.2 Cement - representative of the cement phase of the soil-cementmixture.4.3 Soil-Cement - representative sample of the mixture to be analyzed.

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IS I 4332 ( Part VII ) - 19735.3 TO each of the beakers add 25 ml of hot distilled water and filter thecontents through Whatman No. 42 filter paper and receive each filtrate ina 250-ml volumetric flask separately. The material on the filter should bewashed with small amounts of hot water repeatedly till free from chlorideions (about 4 times ) ( check with silver nitrate solution ).

5.3.1 Take a small quantity of filtrate (say 1 cc ) obtained from thesoil-cement mixture treated by hydrochloric acid and add 3 cc of ammo-nium molybdate reagent and a few drops of concentrated nitric acid andwarm to 40C.ions.

A yellow precipitate indicates the presence of phosphate5.4 After completion of washing, discard the filter paper and dilute thefiltrate in the volumetric flask to 250 ml with cold water. Shake thecontents well and remove a 50-ml aliquot and transfer to the original250-ml beaker (see 5.2), using 250-ml pipette. Dilute to 100 ml. Adda few millilitres of bromine water or a few drops of concentrated nitricacid. Boil, cool and make the solution slightly ammoniacal withammonium hydroxide.settle. Boil for two minutes and allow the hydroxide to

5.4.1 In case of soil-cement mixture containing phosphate, dissolvethe precipitates of hydroxides in the minimum quantity of dilute hydro-chloric acid. To the main solution, add dilute ammonia solution drop bydrop with stirring, until either a faint permanent precipitate is justobtained or the solution is just alkaline. Then add 2 to 3 ml of diluteacetic acid ( 1 : 1 ) and 10 ml of 3N ammonium acetate solution. Discardany precipitate, which may form at this stage. If the solution is red,sufficient ferric ion is present in the solution combined with all thephosphate ions. If the solution is not red in colour, add neutral ferricchloride (FeC13 ) solution, drop by drop and with stirring until thesolution acquires a deep brownish red colour. Dilute the solution to150 ml with hot water, boil gently, filter hot and wash the residue with alittle boiling water. The residue will contain the phosphates of Fe, Aland Cr and may be discarded. Boil down the filter to 20 to 25 cc andproceed as given in 5.6.5.5 Filter hydroxides except soil-cement mixture containing phosphates

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IS 332 art VII ) - 19736.1 Calculate the percentages of calcium oxide in the soil, the cement,and the soil-cement mixture as follows:

Percentage of calcium oxide = -( P - Q, R x 0.028 x 1ooswhere

P = ml of potassium permanganate solution required fortitration of the sample;Q = In~at~oPn~~~~~l~n~mang~~nate solution required for

: ;R = normality of the potassium permanganatc solution = 0.1;S = weight of sample represented by the aliquot titrated,in g; and

0.028 = calcium oxide equivalent of 1 ml of 1 N potassiumpermanganate.6.2 Calculate the percentage by weight of cement in the soil-cementmixture as follows:

(x-Y) x100ercentage cement = __ __5where

X = percentage of calcium oxide in soil-cement mixture,Y = percentage of calcium oxide in raw soil, and5 = percentage of calcium oxide in cement.

NOTE- Whfn hydrated soil-cement mixtures ( that is, mixtures prepared and laidsometime earlier ) are analyzed, the value of percentage by wright of cement obtainedis in terms of hydrated cement. Such values need to be converted to an approximateequivalent of dry cement, through a factor which is of the order of 1.04.

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fS : 4332 (h-t irIi ) - 1973( Continuedfrom page 2 )

MembersSmu S. K. GULHATISHIU 0. P. MALHOTRASHKI D. R. NARAHAKI

Srm G. S. J AIN ( Alternate)Da V. V. S. RAOSHRI K. K. GUPTA ( Alternate

MAJ K. M. S. SAHASIPROF R. B. SINCESRRI H. C. VPRMA

RepresentingIndian Institute of Technology, New DelhiPublic Works Department, Government of PunjabCcnt;;ador~c~ldirlg Research Institute ( CSlR ),

IJnited Technical Consultants Pvt Ltd, New DelhiEngineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army HeadquartersBanaras Hindu University, Banaras,1ssociated Instrument Manufacturers ( India )Pvt Ltd, New Delhi

SHBI M. N. Ba~rc;a ( rlltertiate )

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