ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 4415 (3): 549–560
http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/Article
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.3.8
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DBA03C1E-D4D7-4FFC-B4F1-B9598EF1671B
Argia angelae (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) sp. nov. from Chapada dos
Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil
DIOGO SILVA VILELA1,2,5, RHAINER GUILLERMO-FERREIRA2,
KLEBER DEL-CLARO3 & ADOLFO CORDERO-RIVERA4
1Graduate Program in Entomology, Department of Biology, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.2Laboratory of Ecological Studies on Ethology and Evolution (LESTES), Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Car-
los, Brazil3Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Interações (LECI), Biology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia,
Brazil4Grupo de Ecoloxía Evolutiva e da Conservación, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra,
Spain5Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Argia angelae sp. nov. (Holotype ♂, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Rio Salgadeira (15°21'25" S, 55°49'51" W, 305 m), 1 xi 2015, D. S. Vilela leg., in LESTES, Cod. ACR 8173A) from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil is described, illustrated and diagnosed based on comparison with other known sympatric species of the genus. This species inhabits streams throughout the National Park and a map of its known distribution is provided.
Key words: Damselfly, Brazil, Neotropical
Introduction
The genus Argia was erected by Rambur (1842) to include Argia impura, A. quadrimaculata (now Disparoneura
quadrimaculata (Rambur, 1842)), A. obscura (now synonym of A. fumipennis Burmeister, 1839) and A. australis
(now Argiolestes australis (Guérin-Méneville, 1830)). After several revisions and new descriptions which were
made over the past 170 years, Argia became one of the most speciose genus among the Coenagrionidae, with over
130 described species (Selys 1865; Calvert 1902, 1907, 1909; Fraser 1946; Gloyd 1968a, b; Garrison 1994, 1996;
Garrison & von Ellenrieder 2013, 2015, 2017).
In Brazil Argia comprises almost 50 species and at least four more are yet to be described (Rosser Garrison
pers. comm.). We made a collection within Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, in
late 2015 (October–November), the same area where Calvert (1909) described several Argia species. Our aim was
to collect some of Calvert’s species, some of which were presently known only from the type series (A. botacudo
Calvert, 1909) or others that were poorly known (e. g. A. bicellulata Calvert, 1909 and A. tupi Calvert, 1909). We
found over 100 species of Odonata, ten species of Argia, including the new species described here, rediscovered A.
bicellulata and collected the female of A. tupi, both of which will be treated in a further study. We failed to find A.
botacudo that is thus far known only from the type series.
Materials and methods
We follow Garrison et al. (2010) for body morphology nomenclature. All measurements are in mm; total length
and length of abdomen include cerci. Laboratory photographs were taken with a Canon Eos M and Eos M5 with a
Accepted by M. Marinov: 21 Mar. 2018; published: 1 May 2018 549
Canon 28mm macro lens by ACR. Field photographs were taken with a Canon Eos 7D Mark II with a Canon
100mm macro lens by ACR. SEM images were taken in CACTI (Univ. de Vigo), by ACR. Drawings were
executed by Rosser W. Garrison. Abbreviations for structures used throughout the text are as follows: S1–10:
abdominal segments 1 to 10, Fw: forewing, Hw: hindwing. For wing venation we followed Riek & Kukalová-Peck
(1984). The map (Fig. 1) for Argia angelae was made using QGIS Desktop 2.18.13 with Open Layers plug-in.
Acronyms used for collections are as follows:
LESTES—Laboratory of Ecological Studies on Ethology and Evolution, UFSCar, Brazil
RWG—Rosser W. Garrison, Sacramento, California, USA.
FIGURE 1. Argia angelae. Distribution throughout the National Park of Chapada dos Guimarães (black dots inside the greener
area). Outside the Park are the Balneário Rio Paciência (black dot at left of the greener area) and Balneário Som do Mato, Rio
Claro (black dot at right of the greener area).
Results
Argia angelae sp. nov.
(Figs. 2–31)
Holotype. ♂ (LESTES, Cod. ACR 8173A), BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Rio Salgadeira
(15°21’25” S, 55°49’51” W, 305 m), 1 xi 2015, D. S. Vilela leg. [DSV].
Paratypes. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Rio Paciencia: 9♂♂, 3♀♀ (LESTES, Cod. ACR
03315, ACR 03319, ACR 03242, ACR 03296, ACR 03298, ACR 03299, ACR 03300, ACR 2681A, ACR 2681B,
ACR 2682, ACR 2686, ACR 3319) (15°20’37.68” S, 55°49’55.92” W, 280 m), 25 x 2015 various col.; Cerrado
near an Eucalyptus plantation owned by the Sadia company: 3♂♂, (LESTES, Cod. ACR 3499, ACR 3495,
ACR 3496) (15°17’ 2.76”S, 55°59’48.84” W, 298 m), 26 x 2015 various col; Balneário Paciência: 2♂♂, 1♀
(LESTES, Cod. ACR 3303A, ACR 3303B, ACR 3308) (15°20’45.60” S, 55°51’9” W, 280 m), 25 x 2015 various
col.; Rio Salgadeira: 6♂♂, 1♀ (LESTES, Cod. ACR 8173B, ACR 8170, ACR 8190, ACR 8200, ACR 8193A,
ACR 8193B, ACR 8177) (15°21’25” S, 55°49’51” W, 370 m), 01 xi 2015 various col.; Rio Claro: 2♂♂ (LESTES,
Cod. ACR 8357, ACR 8360) (15°18'49" S, 55°51'30" W, 186 m), 05 xi 2015 various col.; Stream at the Park: 1♂
(RWG, Cod. ACR 03224) (15º19’9” S, 55º61’26”, 296 m), 21 x 2015 A. Cordero-Rivera leg. [ACR]; Balneário
Som do Mato, Rio Claro: 1♂, 1♀ (Tandem, RWG, Cod. ACR 03391, ACR 03392) (15°20'13.560" S,
55º53’46.320” W, 262 m), 30 x 2015 A. Cordero-Rivera leg. [ACR].
Allotype. ♀ (LESTES, Cod. ACR 3319), BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães, Rio Paciência
(15º20’37.680” S, 55º49’55.920” W, 280 m), 25 x 2015, D. S. Vilela leg. [DSV].
Etymology. Named angelae (noun in the genitive case) after biologist Angela Helena Torezan Silingardi
(1940–2016) who directed our Professors Kleber Del-Claro and Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi during their
biology career.
VILELA ET AL.550 · Zootaxa 4415 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 2. Argia angelae. Holotype from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil.
Description of holotype. Head. Epicranium largely black; labrum, ante- and postclypeus pale brown;
antefrons violet, postocular spots violet, not confluent with eye margin, small elongate violet spots lateral to lateral
ocelli; antennae black, occipital bar black; border of postocular lobes pale; rear of head black with narrow pale
margin bordering eye margin.
Thorax. Prothorax largely black, anterior lobe violet, middle lobe with large violet spot medio-laterally,
posterior lobe black, propleuron black dusted with pruinosity, with an ill-defined pale spot and with ventral margin
pale. Mesothorax with dorsal half of mesepisternum black and lateral half with a violet stripe narrowing slightly
toward antealar crest; black parallel-sided humeral stripe broad, enclosing a small violet spot dorsally below carina,
confluent with obsolete interpleural suture, extending from base of mesinfraepisternum and connecting above by a
narrow line below antealar crest with middorsal stripe. Remainder of thorax including venter pale violet, almost
white, except for narrow black metapleural stripe; ventral margin of thorax dusted with white pruinosity; coxae and
trochanters pale, anterior margins of tibiae pale, remainder of legs including armature black.
Wings. Hyaline, venation dark brown, pterostigma dark surmounting 1.5 cell in left Fw, 1 cell in remaining
wings; postnodals 14/13 in Fw, 13/11 in Hw; postquadrangular cells 3/3 in Fw, 2/2 in Hw ; RP2 branching at
postnodal 6 in Fw, at postnodal 5 in Hw.
Abdomen. Mostly black dusted with with pruinosity laterally, S1 black dorsally pale laterally with basal and
apical margin black, S2 black with a violet dorsal spot constricted at posterior fourth and ending at black annulus,
S3 black with a violet dorsal spot covering more than 3/4 segment length, S4 similar to S3 but with violet dorsal
stripe reaching 2/3 segment length, S5–7 black except for pale basal ring, S8‒9 black with a large dorsal
rectangular violet spot with a small constriction at the apex on S8, S10 black with a dorsal violet spot.
Genital ligula. Small microspinulate patch on ental surface of genital ligula (Fig. 3e–f), with small sets of 5–7
spines throughout the single long curved flagellum (Fig. 3e–f), with no lateral lobes (Fig. 4e–f).
Caudal appendages. Torus transversely oval occupying entire ventral margin of torifer but not overlapping
whitish blue bilobed epiproct; area surrounding epiproct black, appendages black, almost approximate at base;
cercus robust dusted with white pruinosity at tip, quadrate in dorsal view (Fig. 4b), slightly concave dorsally and
armed medio-externally with a medio-ventrally directed tooth (Fig. 4a, d), cercus in lateral view triangular and
about 0.60 length of paraproct (Fig. 4c); paraproct slightly bifid, dorsal branch rounded in mediodorsal and lateral
view with tip slightly curved medio-dorsally (Fig. 4a, c), short ventral branch broadly rounded (Fig. 4a).
Measurements (in mm). Fw 17.7, Hw 17.4, abdomen 24.2, total length 30.3.
Variations in males. Slight color variation in paratypes likely due to ontogenetic development (Figs. 5–17).
Male postocular spots show color variation (e.g. Figs. 11–14) and shape and coloration also varies on terminal
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abdomen segments (Figs. 15–17). Young males (Figs. 5, 8) have less body pruinosity compared to older males
(Figs. 6, 7, 9, 10). In some males (Figs. 12, 13) the transverse postfrontal stripe is not continuous as in other males
(Figs. 11, 14). Wing length varied as follows (n = 23): Fw 17–18.5 (17.5±0.4), Hw 16.2–17.4 (16.8±0.5), abdomen
19.7–24.5 (22.9±1), total length 26.1–30.8 mm (29.1±1.1); wing venation in males varies on the number of
postnodal cells: 12/11, 13/12 in Hw, 14/11 in Fw; one male branching Hw RP2 at postnodal 4, one at 6; two males
branching Fw RP2 at postnodal 7. Anal appendages and genital ligula of paratypes examined are similar to the
holotype.
FIGURE 3. Argia angelae. Male genital ligula of paratypes from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil, in lateral view (a-ACR
03299, b-ACR 03300), sets of spines on the flagellum (c-ACR 03299, d-ACR 03300), spinate patch of the ental surface (e, f,
both ACR 03299).
Allotype (Fig. 18): Head similar to male but pale colors ochre and more extensive blue post ocular spots.
Thorax. Prothorax as in male but more extensive pale colors ochre, mesostigmal lobes not developed,
continuous with distal margin of the plate (Fig. 19b), medially forming a raised glabrous elongate carina arching
VILELA ET AL.552 · Zootaxa 4415 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
posteriorly toward middorsal carina but abruptly ending in a rounded tubercle (Fig. 19a–c); pterothorax similar to
male but pale colors ochre, coxae and trochanters pale, pro- and mesofemora black anteriorly, pale with pruinosity
posteriorly, metafemur pale on basal half, black on the distal half, tibiae black, pale externally, tarsi and armature
black.
FIGURE 4. Argia angelae. Caudal appendages in mediodorsal (a), dorsal (b), lateral (c) and ventral (d) views and genital
ligula in ectal (e) and lateral (f) views of paratype (ACR 03224) from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil.
Wings. Hyaline with dark brown venation as in male holotype, pterostigma brown; postnodals 14/12 in Fw, 12/
11 in Hw; postquadrangular cells 3/3 in Fw, 2/2 in Hw; RP2 branching at postnodal 7 in Fw, at postnodal 6 in Hw.
Abdomen. S1 ochre basal ring black, S2 ochre with a broad brown stripe laterally enlarged at apical fifth and
connecting above, apical annulus black; S3 with pale basal annulus otherwise similar to S2 but black lateral stripe
longer and broader above thus constricting parallel pale dorsal stripe above; S4‒7 similar to S3 but brown lateral
stripe more extensive, almost confluent above with pale dorsal stripe becoming a thin line; S8 black with a pale
blue trident like dorsal spot with acuminate tips, S9 similar to S8 except from tips of the spot rounded, S10 pale
blue; cerci black, ovipositor pale laterally, ventral margin black.
Measurements (in mm). Fw 16.9, Hw 16.6, abdomen 20.6, total length 26.2.
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FIGURES 5-17. Argia angelae. Figs. 5‒7: Thorax of teneral (5) and older (6, 7) males; Figs. 8‒10: S1‒10 in teneral (8) and
older (9, 10) males; Figs. 11‒14: Head; Figs. 15‒17: S8‒10. Specimens: ACR 2681 (Figs. 7, 10, 11, 15), ACR03296 (Figs. 6,
9), ACR 03242 (Figs. 5, 8), ACR 3303 (Figs. 12, 17), ACR 03300 (Fig. 13), ACR 8170 (Figs. 14, 16).
Variations in females. Females (n = 6) showed little coloration and/or pattern differences (Figs. 20–31). No
variations on mesostigmal plates were noticed; size variations: Fw 17.2–18.2 (17.8±0.5), Hw 16.6–17.7 (17.1±0.5),
abdomen 20.6–21.9 (21.4±0.7), total length 26.2–27.9 (27.3±1).
Differential diagnosis. This species is superficially similar to A. botacudo in coloration and dimensions
(Calvert 1909) and was initially thought to be this species when first collected. Rosser Garrison provided us with
detailed illustrations of syntypic material of A. botacudo (Figs. 19d–f ♀ and 32a–d ♂) which we reproduce here
allowing us to diagnose these two species as follows: The male paraprocts of both species are similar (Figs. 4a, d A.
angelae; 32a, c, d A. botacudo) but A. angelae differs from A. botacudo by the larger more medially directed apical
tooth (Figs. 4a, b) and absence of the extern-basal tooth in A. botacudo (Figs. 32a, d). Additionally, in dorsal view,
the cerci of A. botacudo are narrower, rounded apically and the distal teeth are not noticeable (Fig. 32b); in A.
angelae the cerci are broader, roundly quadrate with the distal teeth visible (Fig. 4b). The genital ligula is similar to
the Ecuadorian A. schneideri Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017, the widespread A. fumigata (Hagen in Selys, 1865)
and A. guyanica (Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015) by having a single long flagellum (Fig. 4f), and is similar to A.
guyanica in having a small spinate patch on the ental face (Fig. 3e–f), differing from those species on the anal
appendage morphology. The single long flagellum of the genital ligula of A. angelae differs from sympatric species
A. indicatrix Calvert, 1902 and A. oculata Hagen in Selys, 1865, for these two species have a bifurcated ligula
(Garrison & von Ellenrieder 2015). In addition, the male caudal appendages differ considerably from A. angelae.
VILELA ET AL.554 · Zootaxa 4415 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 18. Argia angelae. Female allotype from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil.
FIGURE 19. Female mesostigmal plates in dorsal view of Argia angelae from Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil (a-c, ACR
03392) and Argia botacudo from Chapada dos Guimarães (d-f), detailing the mesostigmal lobes.
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FIGURES 20-31. Argia angelae. Thorax (Figs. 20-22), S1-10 (Figs. 23-25), S7-10 (Figs. 26-28) and head (Figs. 29-31).
Specimens: ACR 3303 (Figs. 20, 25, 27, 31), ACR 03315 (Figs. 21, 23, 28, 30), ACR 03298 (Figs. 22, 24, 26, 29).
VILELA ET AL.556 · Zootaxa 4415 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
The abortive mesostigmal lobes and raised glabrous elongate carina arching posteriorly toward middorsal
carina but abruptly ending in a rounded tubercle, are unique for female A. angelae. Mesostigmal plate of A.
botacudo (Fig. 19d–f) is well developed and forms and arcuate lobe abruptly ending at medial margin of plate;
mesostigmal plates of A. indicatrix and Argia oculata (Garrison & von Ellenrieder 2015) similarly differ and
females of all of these species lack the glabrous swelling characteristic of A. angelae.
Habitats and Ecology. This species was found inhabiting palm swamps (i.e. veredas, Vilela et al. 2016) and
streams in both open and little shaded areas (Fig. 33a–d). Collections were made at an elevation range from 236 m
(Balneário Som do Mato, Rio Claro) to 305 m (Rio Salgadeira). We observed some mating couples (Fig. 34), but
no oviposition events.
FIGURE 32. Caudal appendages in mediodorsal (a, d), dorsal (b) and lateral(c) views of Argia botacudo syntype from
Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil.
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FIGURE 33. Some of the natural habitats of Argia angelae at Chapada dos Guimarães: Small stream at Rio Paciência, near a
Palm Swamp habitat (a), Rio Claro (b), Rio Salgadeira (c) and Balneário Som do Mato (d).
FIGURE 34. A couple of Argia angelae at Rio Paciência, one of their natural habitats at Chapada dos Guimarães, Brazil.
VILELA ET AL.558 · Zootaxa 4415 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press
Discussion
The discovery of this new species in a National Park palm swamp area reinforces the importance of conservation
actions in Cerrado biome, which has been suffering considerably due to habitat loss caused mainly by human
activities over the last 40 years (Françoso et al. 2015). Palm swamp areas are highly associated with freshwater
bodies and they are characterized by having permanently water saturated soils (Fonseca 2005) which hold a great
vegetation and animal biodiversity (Araújo et al. 2002, 2013; Oliveira & Marquis 2002) and have by one of its
characteristics a low capacity of resilience upon disturbing events (Fonseca 2005). Recently, studies have
demonstrated that Cerrado area losses are responsible for declines in the Odonata community richness (Juen et al.
2014; Pereira-Mendes et al. 2017), which can lead to the extinction of species that depend on areas like the palm
swamps (Vilela et al. 2016). Further collections in the National Park of Chapada dos Guimarães and throughout
poorly explored areas of Brazil are needed, which will give us a better understanding of the diversity of species of
Argia within Brazil.
Acknowledgments
DSV thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for a scholarship grant
(Proc.140732/2016-0). RGF thanks CNPq and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
for constant support. KDC thanks CNPq for regular financial support (Proc. 301605/2013-0). ACR funding was
provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant number CGL2014-53140-P, including
FEDER funds). We thank CAPES-DGPU (Proc. 31815) for funding our expedition to Chapada dos Guimarães. We
are very grateful to Rosser W. Garrison for his continuous support, review of this manuscript, confirmation of this
new species and for figures 4, 19 and 32. We also thank Thais Regina de Almeida for field assistance, Frederico
Lencioni and Milen Marinov for valuable comments and review on the manuscript.
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