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6.1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Educationpublishing as Prentice Hall

Telecommunications, theTelecommunications, theInternet, and WirelessInternet, and Wireless

TechnologyTechnology

Chapter 7

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7.2 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education

Management Information Systems, Global Edition

Chapter 7: Telecommunications, the Internet, and WirelessTechnology

• Identify the principal components oftelecommunications netor!s and !ey netor!ingtechnologies"

• Identify the di#erent types of netor!s"

• $escribe ho the Internet and Internet technologyor! and ho they support communication and e%business"

• $escribe the principal technologies and standards

for ireless netor!ing, communication, andInternet access"

• $escribe radio fre&uency identi'cation and irelesssensor netor!s and identify hy these are (aluablebusiness technologies"

)E*+IG -./ECTI0ES

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• 1roblem: Ine2cient manual processes3 largeproduction en(ironment

• Solutions: Trac! components in real time,

optimi4e transportation, and e5peditecommunication

– Wi%6i netor!s

– +6I$ technologies

– Mobile handhelds

– Material in(entory trac!ing softare

• $emonstrates use of technology in productionand supply chain to increase e2ciency andloer costs

+6I$ and Wireless Technology Speed p 1roduction at Continental Tires

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• etor!ing and CommunicationTrends

– Con(ergence:

• Telephone networks and computer networksconverging into single digital network using Internetstandards

– .roadband:

•More than 68% U.S. Internet users have roadandaccess

– .roadband ireless:

•!oice" data communication are increasingl# takingplace over roadand wireless plat$orms

Telecommunications and etor!ing in Today8s .usiness World

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• Computer netor!

– To or more connected computers

– Ma9or components in simple netor! • lient and server computers

• &etwork inter$aces '&Is(

• onnection medium

• &etwork operating s#stem

• )us" switches" routers

– Softare%de'ned netor!ing S$;• *unctions o$ switches and routers managed #

central program


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Illustrated here is a very simple computer network, consisting of computers, a network operating systemresiding on a dedicated server computer, cabling (wiring) connecting the devices, network interface cards(NIC), switches, and a router.

Figure 7-1

Components of a Simple Computer Network

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• etor!s in large companies– <undreds of local area netor!s )*s;

lin!ed to 'rmide corporate netor!

– 0arious poerful ser(ers• +e site• orporate intranet" e,tranet• -ackend s#stems

– Mobile ireless )*s Wi%6i netor!s;– 0ideoconferencing system

– Telephone netor!

– Wireless cell phones


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Todays corporate networkinfrastructure is a collection ofmany different networks fromthe public switched telephonenetwork, to the Internet, tocorporate local area networkslinking workgroups,departments, or office floors.

Figure 7-2

Corporate Network Infrastructure

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• =ey digital netor!ing technologies

– Client>ser(er computing

•istriuted computing model

•lients linked through network controlled #network server computer

•Server sets rules o$ communication $or networkand provides ever# client with an address soothers can /nd it on the network

•)as largel# replaced centrali0ed main$ramecomputing

• The Internet1 largest implementation o$client2server computing


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• =ey digital netor!ing technologies cont";

– 1ac!et sitching

• Method o$ slicing digital messages intoparcels 'packets(" sending packets alongdi3erent communication paths as the#ecome availale" and then reassemlingpackets at destination

• 4revious circuit5switched networks reuiredasseml# o$ complete point5to5point circuit

• 4acket switching more e7cient use o$networks communications capacit#


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!ata are grouped into small packets, which are transmitted independently over various communicationschannels and reassembled at their final destination.

Figure 7-3

Packet-Switched Networks and Packet Communications

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• =ey digital netor!ing technologies cont";

– TC1>I1 and connecti(ity

•1rotocols: rules that govern transmission o$

in$ormation etween two points• Transmission ontrol 4rotocol2Internet 4rotocol

'T42I4(

– ommon worldwide standard that is asis $or Internet

•epartment o$ e$ense re$erence model $or T42I4– *our la#ers

9 :pplication la#er

9 Transport la#er

9 Internet la#er

9 &etwork inter$ace la#er


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This figure illustrates the fourlayers of the TC"#I" referencemodel for communications.

Figure 7-4

The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Reference Model

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• Signals: $igital (ersus analog

– Modem: translates digital signals intoanalog form and (ica (ersa;

• Types of netor!s– )ocal%area netor!s )*s;

•;thernet

•lient2server vs. peer5to5peer

– Wide%area netor!s W*s;

– Metropolitan%area netor!s M*s;

– Campus area netor!s C*s;

Communications etor!s

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$ modem is a device that translates digital signals into analog form (and vice versa) so that computers cantransmit data over analog networks such as telephone and cable networks.

Figure 7-5

unctions of the Modem

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• 1hysical transmission media– Tisted pair ire C*T?;– Coa5ial cable

– 6iber optics cable– Wireless transmission media and de(ices•Satellites•ellular s#stems

• Transmission speed– .its per second bps;– <ert4– .andidth

Communications etor!s

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• The Internet

– World8s most e5tensi(e netor!

– Internet ser(ice pro(iders IS1s;

• 4rovide connections• T#pes o$ Internet connections

– ial5up1 <6.6 =ps

– igital suscrier line 'S>2*I?S(1 @8< =ps–AB

Mps

– ale Internet connections1 C–<B Mps

– Satellite

– TC2T@ lines1 C.<A–A< Mps

The Global Internet

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• Internet addressing and architecture– I1 addresses

• The $omain name system $S;– Con(erts I1 addresses to domain names– <ierarchical structure– Top%le(el domains

• Internet architecture and go(ernance– o formal management: I*., IC*, W@C– The future Internet: I1(A and InternetB

The Global Internet

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The !omain Name %ystem is ahierarchical system with a rootdomain, top&level domains,second&level domains, and hostcomputers at the third level.

Figure 7-6

The !omain Name S"stem

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The Internet backbone connectsto regional networks, which inturn provide access to Internetservice providers, large firms,and government institutions.

Network access points (N$"s)and metropolitan areae'changes ($s) are hubs

where the backbone intersectsregional and local networks andwhere backbone ownersconnect with one another.

Figure 7-7

Internet Network #rchitecture

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•Internet ser(ices– E%mail

– Chatting and instant messaging

– Electronic discussion groups >nesgroups

– Telnet– 6ile Transfer 1rotocol 6T1;

– World Wide Web

The Global Internet

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Client computers running *eb browser and other software can access an array of services on servers over theInternet. These services may all run on a single server or on multiple speciali+ed servers.

Figure 7-8

Client/Ser$er Computin% on the Internet

f i S Gl b l di i

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– 0oice o(er I1 0oI1;

• igital voice communication using I4" packetswitching

• 4roviders– ale providers

– Doogle" Sk#pe

– ni'ed communications• ommunications s#stems that integrate voice" data"

e5mail" con$erencing

– 0irtual pri(ate netor! 01;• Secure" encr#pted" private network run over Internet

– 44T4

– Tunneling

The Global Internet

M I f i S Gl b l Edi i

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$ oI" phone call digiti+es and breaks up a voice message into data packets that may travel along differentroutes before being reassembled at the final destination. $ processor nearest the calls destination, called agateway, arranges the packets in the proper order and directs them to the telephone number of the receiver orthe I" address of the receiving computer.

Figure 7-9

&ow 'oice o$er IP orks

M t I f ti S t Gl b l Editi

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This "N is a private network of computers linked using a secure -tunnel connection over the Internet. It protects data transmitted over the public Internet by encoding the data and -wrapping them within the Internet"rotocol (I"). /y adding a wrapper around a network message to hide its content, organi+ations can create a

private connection that travels through the public Internet.

Figure 7-10

# 'irtual Pri$ate Network sin% the Internet


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Read the Interactive Session and discuss the following questions

Interacti$e Session* Mana%ement

– Should managers monitor emplo#ee e5mailand Internet usageE +h# or wh# notE

– escrie an e3ective e5mail and +e usepolic# $or a compan#.

– Should managers in$orm emplo#ees thattheir +e ehavior is eing monitoredE ?rshould managers monitor secretl#E +h# orwh# notE

Monitoring Employees on etor!snethical or Good .usinessD


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• The Web

– <yperte5t Mar!up )anguage <TM);

– <yperte5t Transfer 1rotocol <TT1;:

•ommunications standard used $or trans$erring+e pages

– niform resource locators +)s;:

•:ddresses o$ +e pages

– http122www.megacorp.com2content2$eatures2B8F6BF.html

– Web ser(ers

– So$tware $or locating and managing +e pages

The Global Internet


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• Search engines– Started as simpler programs using !eyord

inde5es– Google impro(ed inde5ing and created page

ran!ing system

• Mobile search: BF of all searches inBB

• Search engine mar!eting– Ma9or source of Internet ad(ertising re(enue

• Search engine optimi4ation SE-;– *d9usting Web site and tra2c to impro(e

ran!ings in search engine results

The Global Internet

Management Information Systems Global Edition

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Google is the most popular

search engine on the Webhan!ling 84 percent o" allWeb searches#

Figure 7-11

Top +S+ e, Search n%inesTop +S+ e, Search n%ines


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• Social search

– Google H, 6aceboo! )i!e

• Semantic search– *nticipating hat users are loo!ing for

rather than simply returning millions oflin!s

• Intelligent agent shopping bots– se intelligent agent softare for

searching Internet for shoppinginformation

The Global Internet


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The 0oogle search engine is continuously crawling the *eb, inde'ing the content of each page, calculating its popularity, and storing the pages so that it can respond 1uickly to user re1uests to see a page. The entire processtakes about one&half second.

Figure 7-12

&ow .oo%le orks


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• Web B"

– Second%generation ser(ices

– Enabling collaboration, sharinginformation, and creating ne ser(icesonline

– 6eatures

• Interactivit#• Geal5time user control

• Social participation 'sharing(

• User5generated content

The Global Internet


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– Web B" ser(ices and tools

•.logs: chronological" in$ormal +e sites created# individuals

– GSS 'Geall# Simple S#ndication(1 s#ndicates +econtent so aggregator so$tware can pull content $or usein another setting or viewing later

– -logosphere

– Micrologging

•Wi!is: collaorative +e sites where visitors canadd" delete" or modi$# content on the site

•Social netor!ing sites: enale users to uildcommunities o$ $riends and share in$ormation

The Global Internet


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• Web @": The Semantic WebJ

– * collaborati(e e#ort led by W@C to add layerof meaning to the e5isting Web

– Goal is to reduce human e#ort in searching forand processing information

– Ma!ing Web more intelligentJ and intuiti(e

– Increased communication and synchroni4ationith computing de(ices, communities

– Web of thingsJ

– Increased cloud computing, mobile computing

The Global Internet


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• Cellular systems

– Competing standards

•M:1 United States onl#• DSM1 Gest o$ world" :THT" T5Moile

– Third%generation @G; netor!s

• CAA =ps

• Suitale $or e5mail access" +e rowsing– 6ourth%generation KG; netor!s

• Up to CBB Mps

• Suitale $or Internet video

The Wireless +e(olution


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• Wireless computer netor!s andInternet access

– .luetooth LB"?;• >inks up to 8 devices in CB5m area using low5power"

radio5ased communication

• Use$ul $or personal networking '4:&s(

– Wi%6i LB";

• Set o$ standards1 8BF.CC• Used $or wireless >:& and wireless Internet access

• Use access points1 device with radio receiver2transmitter$or connecting wireless devices to a wired >:&



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/luetooth enables a variety ofdevices, including cell phones,"!$s, wireless keyboards andmice, "Cs, and printers, tointeract wirelessly with eachother within a small 23&foot(43&meter) area. In addition tothe links shown, /luetooth can

be used to network similardevices to send data from one"C to another, for e'ample.

Figure 6-15

# luetooth Network (P#N)


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obile laptop computerse1uipped with wireless networkinterface cards link to the wired5$N by communicating withthe access point. The access

point uses radio waves totransmit network signals fromthe wired network to the client

adapters, which convert theminto data that the mobile devicecan understand. The clientadapter then transmits the datafrom the mobile device back tothe access point, which forwardthe data to the wired network.

Figure 7-14

#n 012+33 ireless 4#N


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• Wireless computer netor!s andInternet access

– Wi%6i cont";• )otspots1 one or more access points inpulic place to provide ma,imum wirelesscoverage $or a speci/c area

• +eak securit# $eatures

– WiMa5 LB"A;

• +ireless access range o$ @C miles

• Geuire +iMa, antennas



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• +adio fre&uency identi'cation +6I$;

– +6I$ tags:• Tin# tags with emedded microchips contain data aout an

item and location• Transmit radio signals over short distances to G*I readers

– +6I$ readers:• Send data over network to computer $or processing

– *cti(e +6I$:• Tags have atteries

• ata can e rewritten

• Gange is hundreds o$ $eet



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• +6I$ cont";

– 1assi(e +6I$:• Gange is shorter• Smaller" less e,pensive• 4owered # radio $reuenc# energ#

– Common uses:• :utomated toll5collection• Tracking goods in a suppl# chain

– +e&uires companies to ha(e specialhardare and softare

– +eduction in cost of tags ma!ing +6I$(iable for many 'rms



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67I! uses low&powered radio transmitters to read data stored in a tag at distances ranging from 4 inch to 433feet. The reader captures the data from the tag and sends them over a network to a host computer for processing.

Figure 7-15

&ow RI! orks


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• Wireless sensor netor!s WSs;

– etor!s of hundreds or thousands ofinterconnected ireless de(ices embedded intophysical en(ironment to pro(ide measurements

of many points o(er large spaces

– sed to monitor building security, detectha4ardous substances in air, monitoren(ironmental changes, tra2c, or militaryacti(ity

– $e(ices ha(e built%in processing, storage, andradio fre&uency sensors and antennas

– +e&uire lo%poer, long%lasting batteries andability to endure in the 'eld ithout maintenance



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The small circles represent lower&level nodes and the larger circles represent high&endnodes. 5ower&level nodes forward data to each other or to higher&level nodes, whichtransmit data more rapidly and speed up network performance.

Figure 7-16

# ireless Sensor Network


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a age e o a o Sys e s, G oba d o


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