46789244 Steam Turbine

STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator 　 TOSHIBA1

2. STEAM TURBINE AND 2. STEAM TURBINE AND AUXILIARIESAUXILIARIES



CONTENTSCONTENTS

2.1 GENERAL

2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE STEAM TURBINE

2.3 TURBINE FRONT STANDARD

2.4 MAJOR STEAM VALVES

2.5 TSI (TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENT)

CONTENTS



GENERAL

2.1 GENERAL 2.1 GENERAL



GENERAL



GENERAL



GENERAL

HP/ IP outer casing



GENERAL

HP inner casing

HP/ IP outer casing



GENERAL

Cross over pipe



GENERAL

LP outer casing



GENERAL

LP outer casing

LP inner casing



GENERAL

Nozzle Diaphragms

Nozzle Diaphragms



GENERAL

Nozzle Diaphragms

Nozzle Diaphragms

HIP Rotor



GENERAL

Nozzle Diaphragms

Nozzle Diaphragms

HIP Rotor

LP Rotor



GENERAL

Bearing standard

Bearing standard



GENERAL

Bearing standard

Bearing standard

Turning device



MAJOR PARTS FOR STEAM TURBINE

2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE 2.2 MAJOR PARTS OF THE STEAM TURBINESTEAM TURBINE

- TURBINE NOZZLE - TURBINE BLADES- TURBINE CASING - TURBINE ROTOR - BEARINGS- TURNING GEAR- ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF DIAPHRAGM

- SHAFT GROUNDING DEVICES



MAJOR PARTS / NOZZLE

Impulse-Type Steam Path - Rugged Blade Design

STEAM PATH OF “HIGH-EFFICIENCY IMPULSE DESIGN”STEAM PATH OF “HIGH-EFFICIENCY IMPULSE DESIGN”

P3 V3

P2

P1

V2

V1

Steam Pressure Change

Steam Velocity Change



NOZZLE BOX CONSTRUCTIONNOZZLE BOX CONSTRUCTION

Nozzle Box & Casing Assembly Upper Half of Nozzle Box




Wheel and Diaphragm Construction

RUGGED NOZZLE DIAPHRAGMSRUGGED NOZZLE DIAPHRAGMS




RECESSED TENON TYPE BLADE with MULTIPLE TIP FINS andRECESSED TENON TYPE BLADE with MULTIPLE TIP FINS andSNUBBER TYPE BLADE with Hi-Lo TYPE TIP FINSSNUBBER TYPE BLADE with Hi-Lo TYPE TIP FINS

CONTINUOUSLY COUPLEDSNUBBER TYPE BLADE

(IP Stages)

STAGE EFFICIENCYCOMPARISON OF TIP FINSRECESSED TENONS and

STEPPED SHROUDS

MAJOR PARTS / BLADE

Blade / TypeIntegral Cover and ShroudRecessed Tenon with Multiple FinsSnubber Type with Hi-Lo FinsRecessed Tenon with Multiple FinsConventional Tenon and Shroud TypeCover Segment / Lng and Sleeve

FOR EXAMPLE



FIRST STAGE BLADEFIRST STAGE BLADE

MAJOR PARTS / BLADE



INTERMEDIATE STAGE BLADESINTERMEDIATE STAGE BLADES

MAJOR PARTS / BLADE



SNUBBER TYPE BLADESNUBBER TYPE BLADE

MAJOR PARTS / BLADE



LONGER BLADES IN THE LOW PRESSURE SECTIONLONGER BLADES IN THE LOW PRESSURE SECTION

MAJOR PARTS / BLADE



LAST STAGE BLADELAST STAGE BLADE

MAJOR PARTS / BLADE


Classroom Lecture Series for Steam Turbine Generator 　 TOSHIBA





IP Inner Casing DetailIP Inner Casing Detail

• There is no inner casing on the Intermediate Turbine.

• Disregard what the narrator says in the next slide about the inner casing.

• Only the HP Turbine has an inner casing.



- Opposed Flow Configuration : Both the high pressure and the intermediatepressure section enclosed in one cylinder

Compact design Easy Operation, Installation and Maintenance

- Double Shell Construction

- Centerline Support Easy Operation, Installation and Maintenance

Minimal possibility of steam leakageLower stress and temperature gradient

Less thermal stress and steam leakage High Performance and High Reliability

HP & IP CASINGHP & IP CASING

MAJOR PARTS / CASING



HP AND IP CASING HP AND IP CASING SIMPLIFIED OPPOSED FLOW & DOUBLE SHELLSIMPLIFIED OPPOSED FLOW & DOUBLE SHELL

Double Shell Construction




CENTERLINE SUPPORT AND EXPANSION CONTROLCENTERLINE SUPPORT AND EXPANSION CONTROL

True Centerline Support





DISASSEMBLY OF HP & IP CASINGDISASSEMBLY OF HP & IP CASING



HIP CASING DURING MANUFACTURINGHIP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING








HP DIAPHRAGMHP DIAPHRAGM IP DIAPHRAGMIP DIAPHRAGM



LP CASINGLP CASING




Low Pressure Turbine Atmospheric Low Pressure Turbine Atmospheric Relief ValvesRelief Valves

• There is only one (1) atmospheric relief valve on the turbine.

• There are not 3 as shown in next slide.



LP CASINGLP CASING


Axial Key



LP CASINGLP CASING


Axial Key

Atmospheric relief diaphragms

Rupture Pressure is 34.5 kPag.



LP CASINGLP CASING


Axial Key

Hand holes

Atmospheric relief diaphragms



LP CASING DURING MANUFACTURINGLP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING




LP CASING DURING MANUFACTURINGLP CASING DURING MANUFACTURING




HP-IP Rotor and LP Rotor

ROTORROTOR

MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR



FOR EXAMPLEFOR EXAMPLE

MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR

MULTI-SPAN CRITICAL SPEED MODE DIAGRAMMULTI-SPAN CRITICAL SPEED MODE DIAGRAM



TURBINE ROTOR DURING MANUFACTURINGTURBINE ROTOR DURING MANUFACTURING

MAJOR PARTS / ROTOR



HP･IP LP

ST#1 ST#2 ST#3 ST#4GEN#5 GEN#6

Type DTP DTP EL EL EL EL

Mountedon

FrontStand

MiddleStand

LP CSGCone

LP CSGCone

BRGPedestal

BRGPedestal

41

- Arrangement of Bearings and Design Specifications

- DTP: Double Tilting Pad EL: Elliptical Type

- Bearing Pressure = Bearing Load / (Diam.×Length) for Journal Bearings

BEARINGSBEARINGS

MAJOR PARTS / BEARING



TILTING PAD BEARINGTILTING PAD BEARING




ELLIPTICAL BEARINGELLIPTICAL BEARING




ELLIPTICAL BEARING ELLIPTICAL BEARING



ELLIPTICAL BEARING ELLIPTICAL BEARING



Tapered-land Thrust Bearing

BEARING SYSTEM WITH ENSURED STABILITYBEARING SYSTEM WITH ENSURED STABILITY




- The required driving force has been minimized due to the maximum spacer gear diameter at the ST&G coupling.

- The space around the ST&G coupling is more stable as a turning gear location because it will be the coldest, and the rotor alignment change

is relatively smaller than other spaces.

(1) Location of Turning Device

The cap - mount - type turning device is located on the LP turbine generator end pedestal.

TURNING GEARTURNING GEARSpeed for Turning Gear is 5.1 rpm at this project!Speed for Turning Gear is 5.1 rpm at this project!

MAJOR PARTS / TURNING GEAR



TURNING GEARTURNING GEAR
















Turning Gear OperationsTurning Gear Operations

• It Can Be Engaged 3 Ways:– Manually by means of a hand lever– Remotely by use of a pushbutton at DCS– Automatically by engaging mechanism driven by

an air operated solenoid valve.• A zero speed indicator will actuate the device and engage

the turning gear when the rotor is completely stopped.



ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF DIAPHRAGM ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF DIAPHRAGM

MAJOR PARTS / OTHERS

View A-A

B

A A

Detail of B

Diaphragm

Cutting Knife

(Copper Plate)

(Copper Plate)

Rupture Pressure is 34.5 kPag.



GROUNDING DEVICE ASSEMBLYGROUNDING DEVICE ASSEMBLY


Rotation

Copper Braid

Spring

Bracket











TURBINE FRONT STANDARD

2.3 TURBINE FRONT STANDARD2.3 TURBINE FRONT STANDARD




LOCATION OF FRONT STANDARDLOCATION OF FRONT STANDARD

FRONT STANDARD

HP / IP TURBINE LP TURBINE GENERATOR

CROSS OVER PIPNG



FRONT STANDARD (SIDE VIEW)FRONT STANDARD (SIDE VIEW)


#1 Bearing

Oil Deflector

Vibration Detector

Eccentricity Detector

Differential Expansion Detector

#1 Bearing oil Pressure Indicator

#1 Bearing Returned oil Temperature Indicator

#1 Bearing Supplied oil Temperature Indicator

Sole Plate

Oil Drain Pipe

No Speed Indicator in Front Standard



FRONT STANDARD (TOP VIEW) FRONT STANDARD (TOP VIEW)


Speed Detector for EHC

#1 BearingSpeed Detector for TSI

HIP Rotor

Bearing Oil Feed Pipe

Shell Expansion Detector

No Speed Indicator in Front Standard

No Shell Expansion Detector in Front Standard



STEAM VALVES

2.4 MAJOR STEAM VALVES 2.4 MAJOR STEAM VALVES



LOCATION OF MAJOR STEAM VALVESLOCATION OF MAJOR STEAM VALVES

MSV

STEAM VALVES

CV

IP Turbine

CRV

HP Turbine

LP Turbine Generator

Only One (MSV) Main Stop Valve

Two CV’s/Upper and Lower/Shell Mounted Type



MSV (Side view)MSV (Side view)

STEAM VALVES

Steam OutletSteam Inlet

HYD Cylinder

Bypass ValveValve



MSV (Top view)MSV (Top view)

STEAM VALVES

Steam Inlet

Steam OutletSteam Outlet



STEAM VALVES

SHELL MOUNT TYPE CVSHELL MOUNT TYPE CV

CV

CV

Side View Front View

CV

CV

HIP Turbine

CRV

CRV



STEAM VALVES

CONTROL VALVE (CV) ASSEMBLY CONTROL VALVE (CV) ASSEMBLY

HYD Cylinder

Valve

Valve stem



STEAM VALVES

COMBINED REHEAT VALVE (CRV) ASSEMBLYCOMBINED REHEAT VALVE (CRV) ASSEMBLY



STEAM VALVES

COMBINED REHEAT VALVE COMBINED REHEAT VALVE (OUT LINE)(OUT LINE)

Steam Inlet

Steam Outlet

IV Hydraulic Actuator

RSV Hydraulic Actuator

RSV Yoke

IV Yoke



STEAM VALVES

COMBINED REHEAT VALVE COMBINED REHEAT VALVE (ASSEMBLY)(ASSEMBLY)

IV Actuator

Steam Inlet

Intercept Valve

Reheat Stop Valve

IV Stem

RSV Stem

Strainer

Cover

IV Yoke

RSV Yoke

RSV Hydraulic Actuator

RSV bypass valve

No IV Bypass Valve on This Project!



TSI

2.5 TSI 2.5 TSI TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENTTURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENT



TSI

2.5.1. Outline of the TSI

2.5.2. System Description

2.5.3. Principles

2.5.4. TSI Sensor Outline Drawings

CONTENTSCONTENTS



TSI

2.5.1.OUTLINE OF THE TSI2.5.1.OUTLINE OF THE TSI

The function of the turbine Supervisory Instrument System is to monitor and control turbine condition including factors such as speed, vibration, differential expansion, expansion, eccentricity, etc.

Recently Eddy Current type sensors (in accordance with API st’d670) have benn developed and are being used widely.

These sensors have high accuracy and wide range frequency characteristics, and anti-noise characteristics.



TSI

VIBRATIONVIBRATION

Shaft vibration is one of the most important factors to monitor for safe operation of a rotating machine. In general, increased shaft vibration will result from factors such as rotor imbalance, friction, and instability of lubricating oil, etc…

These problems can be detected and remedied at an early stage by supervising shaft vibration. In the case of steam turbines, absolute shaft vibration is monitored.The vibration of each bearing in vertical and horizontal directions to the shaft is monitored.

High vibration levels will trigger an alarm signal.

Should the vibration exceed the high trip level, a turbine trip-signal will be initiated.



TSI

SHELL EXPANSIONSHELL EXPANSION

The relative positions between the foundation of the turbine and the shell are monitored and shell elongation in the direction of the shaft is measured using a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT).

Excessive shell expansion will trigger an alarm signal.



TSI

DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSIONDIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION

The relative differential expansion between the casing and the rotor is measured.

Pickups are installed in the HP/IP turbine and the LP turbine to facilitate this.

Excessive differential expansion will activate the alarm.



TSI

ECCENTRICITYECCENTRICITY

The eccentricity of the turbine rotor is measured and is important for monitoring rotor bow, particularly during the turning operation.



TSI

THRUST POSITIONTHRUST POSITION

The mobility in the axial direction of the rotor is measured.

An alarm and trip signal will be given, if the mobility exceeds preset values.

This monitoring system is a duplicate system in the sence that it comprises 3 sets of detectors, drivers and monitors.



TSI

ZERO SPEEDZERO SPEED

Turbine speed is monitored, turning interlocks will be initiated if the speed drops below the preset value.



TSI

INSTRUMENT LIST FOR MAIN TURBINE/GENERATORINSTRUMENT LIST FOR MAIN TURBINE/GENERATORM.T Vibration Detector / 12sets(6sets of X/Y) Vibration Detector Extension Cable Vibration Driver Vibration MonitorShaft Eccentricity / 1set Eccentricity Detector Extension Cable Shaft Eccentricity Driver Shaft Eccentricity MonitorMain turbine Zero Speed / 1set Main turbine Zero Speed Detector Extension Cable Main turbine Zero Driver Main turbine Zero MonitorShell Expansion / 1set Shell Expansion Detector Shell Expansion Monitor



TSI

HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion / 1 set HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion Detector Extension Cable HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion Driver HP (HIP)Turbine Differential Expansion MonitorLP Turbine Differential Expansion / 1 set LP Turbine Differential Expansion Detector Extension Cable LP Turbine Differential Expansion Driver LP Turbine Differential Expansion MonitorThrust Position / 3 sets Thrust Position Detector Extension Cable Thrust Position Driver Thrust Position MonitorKeyphasor /1 set Keyphasor Detector Extension Cable Keyphasor Driver System Monitor



TSI

THRUST BEARING

Ｚ E4

POSTION

ZE5

KEY

PH

AS

OR

SE#1

ZE1 Ｚ E3ZE2

SPEED

FRONT STANDERD

#1

EC

C

DIF

F.E

XP

AN

SHELL EXPANTION

LP LPX+Y X+Y

BRG.#3 BRG.#4

CASING ANCHOR POINT

VE

VEX

YVE

VEX

Y

X

YVE

VEX

Y

BRG.#2

IPHPX+Y

BRG.#1

VIB

.

VE

VE

X+Y

VIB

.

GENERAL LOCATION OF TSI SENSORSGENERAL LOCATION OF TSI SENSORS

ZE6

ZE6

DIF

F.

EX

PA

N.

VIBRATION DETECTOR ZERO SPEED DETECTOR ECCENTRICITY DETECTOR HIP DIFF. EXPANSION DETECTOR SHELL EXPANSION DETECTOR KEYPHASOR DETECTOR THRUST POSITION DETECTOR LP DIFF. EXPANSION DETECTOR

VE

SE

ZE1

ZE2

ZE3

ZE4

ZE5

ZE6

ZE5

ZE5



TSI

STEADYSUPPORT

GENERATOR

BRG.6

X+Y X+Y

BRG.#5

VIB

.

VIB

.

VE

VEX

YVE

VEX

Y

LOCATION OF VIBRATION DETECTORSLOCATION OF VIBRATION DETECTORS

VE VIBRATION DETECTOR



TSI

2.5.2.Schematic Diagram of TSI - 12.5.2.Schematic Diagram of TSI - 1

・ ZERO SPEED・ ECCENTRICITY

ZERO SPEEDDETECTOR

ZERO SPEEDDRIVER

ZERO SPEEDMONITOR

ECCENTRICITYDETECTOR

ECCENTRICITYDRIVER

FIELD

TSI

EHC

MONITOR

EHC

KEYPHASORDETECTOR

KEYPHASORDRIVER

EHC

EHC Cabinet



TSI

・ TURBINE VIBRATION DETECTOR

Schematic Diagram of TSI - 2Schematic Diagram of TSI - 2

VIBRATIONDETECTOR(BRG.#1-X)

VIBRATIONDRIVER

VIBRATIONMONITOR-1

VIBRATIONDETECTOR(BRG.#1-Y)

VIBRATIONDRIVER

VIBRATIONDETECTOR(BRG.#2-X)

VIBRATIONDRIVER

VIBRATIONMONITOR-2

VIBRATIONDETECTOR(BRG.#2-Y)

VIBRATIONDRIVER

FIELD

TSI

EHC

EHC

TRIP

TRIP(BRG.#2,3,4,5,6)

EHC

TRIP

EHC Cabinet



TSI

・ SHELL EXPANSION・ TURBINE DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION

Schematic Diagram of TSI - 3Schematic Diagram of TSI - 3

SHELL EXPANSIONDETECTOR

SHELL EXPANSIONMONITOR

FIELD

TSI

EHC

EHC

HIP DIFFERENTIALEXPANSION DETECTOR

HIPDIFFERENTIALEXPANSIONMONITOR

HIP DIFFERENTIALEXPANSION DRIVER

EHC

LP DIFFERENTIALEXPANSION DETECTOR(A)

LPDIFFERENTIALEXPANSIONMONITOR

LP DIFFERENTIALEXPANSION DRIVER(A)

EHC

LP DIFFERENTIALEXPANSION DETECTOR(B)

LP DIFFERENTIALEXPANSION DRIVER(B)

EHC Cabinet



TSI

Schematic Diagram of TSI - 4Schematic Diagram of TSI - 4・ THRUST POSITION

FIELD

TSI

EHC

THRUST POSITIONDETECTOR (B)

THRUST POSITIONMONITOR (B)

THRUST POSITIONDRIVER (B)

EHC

THRUST POSITIONDETECTOR (A)

THRUST POSITIONMONITOR (A)

THRUST POSITIONDRIVER (A)

EHC

TRIP

TRIP

TRIP(B)/(C)

EHC Cabinet

THRUST POSITIONDETECTOR (C)

THRUST POSITIONMONITOR (C)

THRUST POSITIONDRIVER (C)

EHC

TRIP



TSI

2.5.4.PRINCIPLE2.5.4.PRINCIPLEVIBRATION DETECTORVIBRATION DETECTOR

SHAFT

DISPLACEMENTDETECTOR

DETECTOR SLEEVE

Advantages: NO contact with the shaft surface NO moving parts NO wear Easy calibration Good frequency responseDisadvantages: External power supply required Sensitive to material properties and imperfections



TSI

Sensor signal outputSensor signal output

DC COMPONENTAVERAGE GAP

AC COMPONENTDYNAMIC MOTION

Toward/Away



TSI

Sensor system responseSensor system response

INITIAL OUTPUT

0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.6

NEW OUTPUT

LINEARRANGE (2.2mm)

INITIAL GAPNEW GAP

-25

-10

-20

-15

-5

GAP (mm)

OU

TP

UT

SIG

NA

L(V

dc)



TSI

REFERENCE DRAWINGS OF THE INSTRUMENTS

2.5.4. TSI SENSOR SYSTEM OUTLINE2.5.4. TSI SENSOR SYSTEM OUTLINE



TSI

DetectorDetector

Sensor SideConnection

Side



TSI

Extension CableExtension Cable

Sensor Side Driver Side



TSI

DriverDriver



TSI

Connection DiagramConnection Diagram

Vibration Detector

Extension Cable

Driver

Shield Cable

Terminal Block

CAUTION！To avoid electrical shock, do not apply power source to the monitor when wiring.



TSI

CAUTIONARY NOTE:

Instruction manuals are provided for installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of the TSI.

The person responsible for the TSI should review these manuals carefully before commencing any of these activities.



ENDEND STEAM TURBINE AND AUX. STEAM TURBINE AND AUX.

Date post:	13-Jan-2016
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46789244 Steam Turbine

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