4686 4690.output

* GB785093 (A)

Description: GB785093 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Beam construction for mounting fabric rolls

Description of GB785093 (A)

?A -TE p' PECIFCTO R S P EC F I C A T I O N d PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,093 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: October 14, 1955. No 29335/55. Application made in United States of October 18, 1954. America on Complete Specification Published: October 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 15 ( 1), A 1 B. International Classification:-D 06 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Beam Construction for Mounting Fabric Rolls ERRATA SPECIFICATION NO 785,093 Page 1, Transpose lines 71 and 72. Page 1, line 79, after "flange" insert conma,. Page 3, line 39, after "The pins, insert " 26 ". T It E PATENT OFFICE, 2 Sth April, 1958 DB 04462/2 ( 5)/3604 150 4/58 R manner include, for example, -the dyeing, setting and washing of the fabric at atmospheric or superatmospheric pressures The fabric may, for example, be a knitted or a woven fabric During such treatments great difficulty is frequently experienced with the shrinkage and particularly the non-uniform shrinkage of the fabric Such shrinkage not only interferes with the processing of the fabric, but also leads to a finished product having non-uniform shrinkage characteristics which is undesirable in commercial use In addition, the movement of the fluid through the textile fabric, particularly at high pressures, may cause the windings of said fabric to shift relative to such other with the result that the processing may become non-uniform. It is an important object of this invention to provide a beam adapted to support a textile fabric during processing thereof with a fluid

which will be free from the foregoing and other disadvantages. A further object of this invention is to provide a beam adapted to support a textile fabric, during processing thereof with a fluid which will engage the edges of said fabric (Price 3 s 6 d) l LVLUJ t pv tl,a Jl; i UU It CU(nll trl M movable means at an acute angle to a plane at right angles to the axis of the beam so 65 that when moved in a direction parallel to their axes they enter the end of a roll of fabric wound on the beam and penetrate the layers thereof Throughout the subsequent processing of the said fabric with a 70 shrinking or shifting so that the processing fluid, the fabric is thus prevented from will be effected in a highly uniform manner. After the processing is complete, the movable means are operated to release the edges 75 of the fabric whereupon the said fabric may be readily removed from the beam The radially extending member may be in the form of a flange conveniently one built up from sections carried by radial arms The 80 movable means may be in the form of sector shaped plates supported by the flange and lying in a plane at right angles to the axis of the beam, each plate carrying a series of parallel pins inclined at an acute angle to 85 its plane, e g an angle of 15 to 45 , preferably 25 to 30 Means are provided to move each of said sector shaped plates in the direction of the axes of the pins thereon and towards the end of the fabric roll 90 1 _,> i PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,093 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: October 14, 1955. No 29335/55. Application made in United States of America on October 18, 1954. Complete Specification Published: October 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 15 ( 1), A 1 B. International Classification:-DO 6 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Beam Construction for Mounting Fabric Rolls We, CELANESE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, of 180 Madison Avenue, New York 16, New York, United States of America, a company incorporated in -accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to a beam and is more particularly concerned with a beam adapted to support a textile fabric during processing thereof with a fluid. It is frequently desirable to carry out the processing of a textile fabric with a fluid while the said fabric is wound on a beam. Treatments that may be effected in this manner include, for example,

the dyeing, setting and washing of the fabric at atmospheric or superatmospheric pressures The fabric may, for example, be a knitted or a woven fabric During such treatments great difficulty is frequently experienced with the shrinkage and particularly the non-uniform shrinkage of the fabric Such shrinkage not only interferes with the processing of the fabric, but also leads to a finished product having non-uniform shrinkage characteristics which is undesirable in commercial use In addition, the movement of the fluid through the textile fabric, particularly at high pressures, may cause the windings of said fabric to shift relative to such other with the result that the processing may become non-uniform. It is an important object of this invention to provide a beam adapted to support a textile fabric during processing thereof with a fluid which will be free from the foregoing and other disadvantages. A further object of this invention is to provide a beam adapted to support a textile fabric, during processing thereof with a fluid which will engage the edges of said fabric (Price 3 s 6 d) and thereby keep the same from shrinkage or shifting. Other objects of the invention, together with certain details of construction and com binations of parts, will be apparent from the 50 following detailed description. According to the present invention, there is provided a beam comprising a supporting element on to which a textile fabric can be evenly wound to form a roll The support 55 ing element is provided with radially-extending members, adapted to be secured thereto and, carried by said members, movable means adapted on movement to engage the edge portions of the fabric and hold them 60 securely Most conveniently the movable means are provided with pins for this purpose Preferably the pins are mounted on the movable means at an acute angle to a plane at right angles to the axis of the beam so 65 that when moved in a direction parallel to their axes they enter the end of -a roll of fabric wound on the beam and penetrate the layers thereof Throughout the subsequent processing of the said fabric with a 70 shrinking or shifting so that the processing fluid, the fabric is thus prevented from will be effected in a highly uniform manner. After the processing is complete, the movable means are operated to release the edges 75 of the fabric whereupon the said fabric may be readily removed from the beam The radially extending member may be in the form of a flange conveniently one built up from sections carried by radial arms The 80 movable means may be in the form of sector shaped plates supported by the flange and lying in a plane at right angles to, the axis of the beam, each plate carrying a series of parallel pins inclined at an acute angle to 85 its plane, e g an angle of 15 to 45 , preferably 25 to 30 Means are provided to move each of

said sector shaped plates in the direction of the axes of the pins thereon and towards the end of the fabric roll 90 1 1 ' 1 "_'V, 1 1 1 _; r 785,093 whereby the pins may be caused to penetrate the edge portions of the layers of fabric on the roll and hold them positively. The pins are preferably disposed in overlapping relationship, i e so that the projection of each pin on a plane at right angles to the axis of the beam exceeds the spacing between adjacent pins as measured radially to the axis of the beam The processing of the fabric can then take place without shrinkage or shifting of the fabric Following the processing, the sector-shaped plates are operated to withdraw the pins from the fabric roll in the direction of their axes, releasing the edges of the fabric and permitting the fabric to be unwound from the beam. A preferred embodiment of this invention t is shown in the accompanying drawings 2 ( wherein Fig 1 is an end elevation of the beam, Fig 2 is a cross sectional view,;on a somewhat enlarged scale, taken along the line 2 2 in Fig 1 in the direction of the arrows, Fig 3 is a detail cross sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along the line 3 3 on Fig 1 in the direction of the arrows, and Fig 4 is a detail cross sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken alofig the line 4 4 in Fig 1 in the direction of the arrows. Like reference numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views of the drawing Referring now to the drawings, the reference numeral 11 designates a tubular metal beam provided with a plurality of perforations 12 extending therethrough, onto which beam 11 a textile fabric 13 can be wrapped to form a cylindrical roll with parallel sides. After the textile fabric 13 has been wrapped onto the beam 11, a pair of identical flanges, indicated generally by reference numeral 14, are secured to the beam 11 close to the ends of the roll of fabric 13, only one such flange being shown in the drawings in the interests of simplicity and clarity, The flanges 14, each comprise a collar 15 that slidably engages the beam 11 and is secured thereto at the desired position by means of set screws 16 Extending radially from the collar 15 and secured thereto as by welding or the like are a plurality of ribs 17 provided with outwardly projecting ledges 18. The ribs 17 support between them flange -55 sections, indicated generally by reference numeral 19, comprising fixed flange sections 21 and movable flange sections 22 The fixed flange: sections 21 are provided at their side edges with interlocking extensions 23 that overlap the ribs 17 and are secured thereto by means of screws 24 Adjacent their innermost edges, the fixed flange sections 21 are shaped to form cam surfaces whose function will be described more fully hereinafter The movable flange sections 22 are postioned on the

surface of the flange 19 facing the roll of textile fabric 13 and have projecting from their innermost surfaces a plurality of parallel pins 26 that are inclined at an acute angle with respect 70 to the innermost surface of the said movable flange sections 22 and extend toward the roll of fabric 13 The centre-most pin of each movable flange section 22 preferably lies substantially in a plane containing the axis 75 of the beam The outer edges of the movable flange sections 22 are shaped to form cam surfaces 27 whose function will be described more fully hereinafter As shown in the drawings, the cam surfaces 25 and 27 80 are parallel to the pins 26. The movable flange sections 22 are held in place by means of a plurality of bolts 28, in threaded engagement therewith, extending through slots 29 in the fixed flange 85 sections 21 Springs 31 encircle the said bolts 28, being held in compression between the outer surface of the fixed flange sections 21 and win Q nuts 32 in threaded engagement therewith The compression of the springs 90 31 tends to draw the movable flange sections 22 toward the fixed flange sections 21 Projecting outwardly from the movable flange sections 22 are bosses 33 extending through elongated slots 34 in the fixed flange sections 95 21 The bosses 33 are engaged by drive mechanisms, indicated generally by reference numeral 35, comprising screws 36 extending through and in threaded engagement with journals 37 fastened to the fixed flange sec 100 tions 21 by means of bolts 38 The screws 36 carry at their ends blocks 39 that are slidably mounted in channels 41 secured to the fixed flange sections 21 by means of screws and nuts 42 The blocks 39 are pro 105 vided with lips 43 that engage the bosses 33 projecting from the movable flange sections 22. In employing the apparatus of this invention, there is wound onto the tubular beam 110 11 a roll of textile fabric 13 The screws 36 are then operated to move the movable flange sections 22 radially away fromn th e centre of the flanges 19 in which position the compression springs 31 will draw the 115 movable flange sections 22 up against the fixed flange sections 21 as shown in the Slower half of Fig 2 of the drawings A pair of the flanges 19 are then placed on the tubular beam 11 against the roll of fabric 13 120 and are secured in place by tightening of the set screws 16 In this position, the pins 26 will be' clear of the ends of the roll of fabric 13 as shown in the lower half of Fig. 2 of the drawings The screws 36 are then 125 operated to move the movable flange sections 22 radially toward the centre of the flange 19 During such movement, the cam surfaces 25 and 27 will lift the movable flange sections 22 away from the fixed 130 or movement of the fabric. 2 A beam according to claim 1, wherein' the edge portions of the fabric are engaged by pins carried by the movable means.

3 A beam according to claim 2, compris 70 ing a series of movable members carried by the radially extending member, a plurality of parallel pins extending from each of said movable members, the outer ends of the pins lying substantially in a plane at right angles 75 to the axis of the beam and the pins beinginclined, at an acute angle to said plane, and means for moving each of said movable members in a direction substantially parallel to the lengths of the pins thereon so that 80 movement in one direction causes the pins to penetrate the edge portions of layers of fabric wound on the beam while movement in the opposite direction effects withdrawal of the pins from the fabric 85 4 A beam according to claim 3, wherein the pins are inclined at an angle of from 150 to 450 to a plane at right angles to the axis of the beam. A beam according to claim 3 or 4, 90 wherein the movable members carrying the pins are sector shaped plates mounted at right angles to the axis of the beam, and movable inwardly both towards the axis of the beam and towards the edges of the fabric 95 to effect engagement of the fabric by the pins. 6 A beam adapted to support a textile fabric during the processing thereof with a fluid, comprising a supporting member onto 100 which the textile fabric can be wound into a roll, a flange securable to said supporting member adjacent to the end of the fabric roll, a plurality of sector-shaped plates carried by the flange and parallel to and facing 105 the end of the fabric roll, each plate carrying a plurality of substantially parallel pins inclined at an acute angle to the plate and the centremost pin lying substantially in a plane containing the axis of the beam, and 110 means carried by the flange for moving said plates in the direction of the axes of the pins in one sense to bring said pins into engagement with the edges of the fabric and in the opposite sense to withdraw said pins 115 from engagement with the edges of the fabric. 7 A beam according to claim 6, wherein the required movement of each sector-shaped plate is effected by a screw in association 120 with cam surfaces parallel with the axes of the pins; 8 A beam according to claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the projection of each pin on a plane at right angles to the axes of the beam 125 exceeds the spacing between adjacent pins as measured radially to the axis of the beam. 9 A beam adapted to support a textile fabric during processing thereof with a fluid, substantially as described 130 flange sections 21 against the compression of the springs 31 Because the cam surfaces and 27 are parallel to the axes of the pins 26, the movable flange sections 22 will travel in the direction of the axes of the pins 26 and enter the said pins into the edges of the fabric 13 When the movable flange sections 22 have reached the limit of their movement,

the pins 26 will be firmly engaged in the edges of the fabric 13 as shown in the upper half of Fig 2 of the. drawings The processing of the fabric -13 with a fluid is then carried out, for example,. by forcingi the said fluid into, the interior of the tubular beam 11 whereby it will flow through the perforations 12 and outwardly through the roll of textile fabric 13 Owing to the firm engagement of the edges of the fabric 13 by the pins 26 no shrinkage or movement of the said fabric will take place during the processing thereof and the said processing will be effected in a highly uniform manner While the innermost layers of the textile fabric 13 shown in Fig 2 of the drawing are not shown as being engaged by the pins 26, the said layers will not normally move owing to the friction between them and the remaining layers of the said fabric However, if desired, the pins 26 may be readily lengthened or otherwise rearranged positively to engage all of the layers of the fabric 13. The number and arrangement of the pins 26 will depend on the type of the fabric being processed, a smaller number of heavier pins being desirable for a heavier fabric. However, a wide range of fabric weights may be processed with a given arrangement of pins The pins should preferably be so disposed that the tip of one pin overlaps the base of its adjoining pin so that each layer of fabric 13 will be engaged by two pins The inclination of the pins 26 may be varied over a considerable range, but it is preferred to have the angle between the inner surfaces of the movable flange sections 22 and the pins 26 at between about 150 and 450, or preferably at between about 250 and 30 so that said pins will enter the roll of fabric 13 easily, yet engage the edges of said fabric 13 securely The inner surfaces of the movable flange sections 22 extend parallel to the ends of the roll of fabric 13 and at right angles to the tubular beam 11.

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* GB785094 (A)

Description: GB785094 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements relating to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres of the tubeless type


1 _, 4, S,v , PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,094 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification October 20, 1955. No 30001/55. Application made in Italy on February 7, 1955. Complete Specification Published: October 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 144 ( 2), CS(E 3: F). International Classification:-B 62 g. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION improvements relating to Pneumatic Vehicle Wheel Tyres of the Tubeless Type We, PIRELLI SOCIETA PER Az IONI, a Limited Liability Company organised under the laws of Italy, of 94 Viale Abruzzi, Milan, Italy, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres of the tubeless type wherein the tyre and the wheelrim form together an annular air chamber, the beads of the tyre effecting under the inflation pressure an airtight joint with the relative flanges of the 1 S wheel rim. In the construction of pneumatic tyres of this type the technical problem, among others, has arisen of preventing the escape of air from the inside of the tyre to the outside thereof, past the bead zones, or more precisely, between the contacting surfaces of the beads on the one hand and the rim flanges on the other. Various attempted solutions of this problem have been proposed, said solutions having for their object the provision of means in respect of each bead of the tyre for ensuring complete airtightness of the joint between the bead and the relative rim flange. One of these solution has consisted in prof. viding the external surface of the bead with a number of circumferential projections adapted to ensure the required airtightness of the joint According to another of said solutions the

external surface of the bead is formed with a number of circumferential grooves which in 'the fitted tyre are filled with an adhesive substance According to another of the solutions, an elastic body previously built up and assembled is interposed in the joint between the bead and the wheel rim, said body being if desired bedded in a suitable seat provided to receive it in one or both of the parts Recourse has alsc been made to the interposition between the beads, within the tyre, of a body having the purpose of exerting on the beads themselves a lateral pressure (i e axially of the wheel and tyre) so as to push them against the flanges of the wheel rim 50 The abovementioned solutions show, however, various inconveniences owing either to their difficult practical realisation or to their high cost, or because they render the operations involved in assembling the tyre on the 55 wheel rim too complex Also, while generally giving satisfactory results under normal service conditions, they tend to fail when the rim is subject to deformation. The object of the present invention is 60 to provide a simple improvement which will readily ensure perfect airtightness, the means which are provided to this end, besides being simple and convenient to employ from the point of view of facility of assembling, 65 being very efficient not only when the wheel rim is in its normal (designed or undeformed) shape, but also when it is deformed. According to the invention, there is provided a tubeless 'pneumatic vehicle wheel 70 tyre of the type wherein the tyre and the wheel together form an annular air chamiber, the beads of the tyre effecting under the inflation pressure an airtight joint with the relative flanges of the wheel rim, character 75 ised in that said airtight joint is made as between the relative rim flange and a single annular boss on the corresponding-bead extending continuously therearound circumferentially of the tyre and composed of resi 80 lient rubber, said boss being moulded together with the tyre and having a cross section the depth dimension of which in a direction radial to' the tyre and generally parallel to the mid-circumferential 'plane 85 thereof, progressively diminishes to a minimum axially outwardly of the bead. l The cross section of the boss may be of triangular form (the apex of the triangle being, of course, directed towards the flange 90 / of the wheel rim), or trapezoidal form (the smaller parallel side of the trapezoid being similarly directed towards said flange). In a tyre embodying the present invention the stress exerted by the bead against the inner surface of the rim flange is imparted -only to the reduced area of contact constituted by the top of the "crown" of the boss, by which is meant the part thereof which in the cross-section of the tyre lies farthest from the mid-circumferential

plane of the tyre and therefore nearest to the rim flange In the result, each elemental portion of the bead (this term being used here as including the boss which is provided on the bead in accordance with the present invention) within said area, having a specific pressure of a very high value, will be deformed by compression against the flange, thus obtaining perfect airtightness of -the tyre in position on the wheel rim The present invention is particularly advantageous in the event of an increase of the lateral inclination of the rim flanges towards the outside (i e an increase in the distance betweeen the flanges in the crosssection of the wheel rim) taking place after a certain period of use of the wheeel fitted with the tyre-a condition which frequently occurs in practice In this case, and also in a case where irregular deformations of the rim occur, originated therein during use of the wheel in consequence of -impacts or the like thereon, the boss will continue to conform to the inner surface of the rim flange, which therefore will not need to be subjected -to the usual inspections at regular intervals which have been necessary hitherto with the known solutions of the problem referred to above. The invention may take various forms, according for example to the type of the pneumatic tyre to which it is to be applied the shape and size of the bead and the characteristics of the rubber compound of which it is formed being varied for this purpose as hereinafter more particularly described. The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings In these drawings: Figure 1 is a fragmentary -and more or less diagrammatic sectional view through one of the bead zones of a tyre embodying the present invention and through a part : of the wheel rim fitted with the tyre Figure 2 shows the said part of the wheel rim in a deformed condition, the rim flange being bent axially outwardly from the dotted line position, which is its normal position, to the full line position: and Figure 3 is a fragmentary external side -view of the tyre illustrating a further feature of -the invention hereinafter more particularly described. Figure 1 illustrates by way of example an embodiment of the invention in which the boss on the tyre bead is of triangular crosssection In the Figure, the bead is marked 1, the boss 2, the "crown" of the boss 3, 70 the flange of the wheel rim 4, the base (maximum depth) dimension of the boss in a direction radial to the tyre and generally parallel to the mid-circumferential plane thereof B, the width dimension of the boss in a 75 direction parallel to the rotational axis of tthe tyre L, the height dimension of the rim flange (i e in a direction radial to the rim) and therefore of the area of the bead surface which is usually in contact with the 80 flange (i e the zone

of the bead surface which extends betweeen the heel of the bead and the hollow thereof) H. The determination of the size of the boss and also the choice of the rubber compound 85 which is to be used to form the boss will depend upon the particular type of tyre to to which the invention is to be applied and its service conditions, the following factorsbeing taken into account: 90 1 The base dimension of the boss should have a value B ranging from a maximum value equal to H to a minimum value equal to H/8. 2 The width dimension L of the boss 95 may vary widely up to a maximum of L = B, which maximum value is preferably adopted when the base dimension B is of a low value, a value less than B being adopted when the base dimension B has a high value 100 3 The rubber compound of which the boss is composed should have an elastic modulus ranging between that which is characteristic of tread compounds -as conventionally used and that which is character 105 istic of sponge rubber, a rubber compound of low modulus being used when the base dimension B has a high value, and viceversa Accordingly, when the base dimension B has a value equal or nearly equal to 110 the height dimension H sponge rubber is preferably employed to form the boss. Inasmuch as the new construction employs as regards each bead of the tyre only a single boss, it is possible to provide the im 115 proved tyre with radial grooves located on the external surface of the tyre and extending at least partially into the bead zone of said surface, so as to come into contact with the flange, from a position outside of said zone 120 This feature is illustrated in Figure 3, which represents a fragmentary side view of the tyre in the bead zone In the Figure the boss is marked 2; the crown of the boss 3 and the radial grooves 5 In this case the-boss 125 is disposed in proximity to the heel of the bead, immediately below the zone in which the grooves are provided. The possibility of providing radial grooves as above referred to, even in tyres provided 130 785,094 dimension.


* GB785095 (A)

Description: GB785095 (A) ? 1957-10-23

An improved shirt or the like garment


k( 2 ( A' c-1 (, PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: WILLIAM HERBERT RACHER 785,095 Date of application and filing Complete Specification: Oct io, 1955. No 30004/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 141, W 5 (C: H). International Classification:-A 41 b, d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION An improved Shirt or the like Garment We, JOHN CAMPBELL (HANOVER SQUARE) LIMITED, of 9-10, Pollen Street, Hanover Square, London, W 1, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to a shirt or the like garment and concerns more particularly a shirt of the collar-attached type, and has for its object to dispense with securing means for the free edges of the neck opening. According to the present invention there is provided a shirt or the like garment wherein the top or chest covering portion comprises two panels or portions located respectively one at each side of the shirt front, one of said panels having a loose vertical edge extending from the neck down the centre of the front and the other having a loose edge which extends diagonally across the front of the shirt from the neck, a part of this second mentioned panel or portion underlying the first mentioned panel, whereby the neck opening will remain closed without the employment of securing means. Although the invention will be specifically described in relation to a shirt, it will be appreciated that it is also applicable to like garments, such as blouses. To enable the invention to be clearly understood a preferred embodiment thereof will now be described by way of example with

reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a front view of the shirt. Figure 2 is a rear view. Referring to the drawings, the top or chest covering portion of the shirt comprises two panels or portions 1 and 2 located respectively one at each side of the shirt front The panel 2 has a loose vertical edge 2 a extending from the neck down the centre of the shirt, the upper end of this edge (when the collar is open) curving as at 2 b and merging into the front of the collar 3. The other panel 1 has a loose edge la which extends diagonally across the front of 50 the shirt from the neck so that a part of this panel or portion 1 underlies the panel 2 The upper end of the diagonal edge la of the panel 1 merges, as indicated at lb, into the front of the other side of the collar 3 SS According to the specific embodiment being described the lower edges lc and 2 c of the portions 1 and 2 where they are connected to the bottom 4 of the front of the shirt define a "V" and the lower edge of the panel 60 1 is sewn to the lower edge of the panel 2 where this panel 2 joins the lower part 4 of the shirt front.


* GB785096 (A)

Description: GB785096 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Radio frequency coupling devices


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BE542392 (A) CH348733 (A) DE1009689 (B) FR68330 (E)

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,096 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: October 21, 1955. No 30161/55. Application made in United States of America on October 29, 1954. Complete Specification Published: October 23, 1957. Index at acce Ptance:-Class 40 ( 8), U 18 (A 1: AZ: B 4 A), WG. International Classification:-Hol Il H 03 h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Radio Frequency Coupling Devices We, STANDARD TELEPHONES AND CABLES, LIMITED, a British Company, of Connaught House, 63 Aldwych, London, W C 2 England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to radio frequency coupling devices and more particularly to a waveguide coupling section employing a gyratory element through which radio frequency energy is freely transmitted in one direction but which is prohibited in the opposite direction. Such one-way gyratory coupling devices have been proposed heretofore but in such instances the waveguide plumbing utilised including the arrangement of the gyratory element and associated equipment for producing the necessary magnetic field are bulky complicated and extremely expensive An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide an improved one-way gyratory coupling device for radio frequency energy which is relatively simple and easy to build and which is relatively inexpensive. An important feature of this invention is the fact that the coupling device can be made, for the most part, by printed circuit technique The parts capable of being printed include the waveguide input and output connections as well as the transducer portions which co-act

with the gyratory element to effect one-way transmission The waveguide structure, in one embodiment, is made in accordance with the "Microstrip" principle which includes two strip-like conductors disposed in dielectrically spaced parallel relation with one of the strips wider than the other to present thereto a planar conducting surface for propagation of wave energy therealong in a mode approximating the TEM mode The electric field in such propagation is distributed in a manner similar to the electric field distribution between one conductor and the neutral plane of a truly parallel two conductor line The narrower of the two strips is continued beyond the other and printed in the form of a flat spiral 50 which effects a translation of wave energy from linear polarisation to circular polarisation In, other embodiments the waveguide may comprise either a printed sandwich line or a dielectric filled coaxial line wherein the 55 inner conductor is coupled to the spiral A body of material including ferrites is disposed between the two fiat spirals of the input and output sections and means are provided to impress a magnetic field on the 60 body of ferrite material in a direction axially of the two spirals By impressing a magnetic field of sufficient strength a gyro-resonant condition is produced in the body of ferrites corresponding to the Faraday rota 65 tion effect (See "Ferrites at Microwave Frequencies" by David Fedelman, RadioElectronic Engineering, April 1954) The circular polarisation of the input wave energy is so selected with respect to the direc 70 tion of the magnetic field and the rotational sense of the gyro-resonance that the wave energy is permitted to pass practically lossless in one direction through the body Any reflected waves or return transmission, how 75 ever, is inhibited by the ferrite body since, its rotation being opposite to that of the input energy, the return transmission is absorbed by the body. The invention will become more apparent 80 by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig 1 is a view in plan of a coupling device according to the principles of this in 85 vention; Fig 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 2 2 of Fig 1; Fig 3 is a view in plan of the upper spiral section as viewed along lines 3 3 of Fig 90 785,096 2; Fig 4 is a view in plan of the ferrite body; Fig 5 is a view in plan of the bottom spiral section as viewed along lines 5 5 of Fig 2; Fig 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the invention; Fig 7 is a view in plan of the device shown in Fig 6; and Fig 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 8 8 of Fig 6. Referring-to the drawings, the input waveguide is shown to include a first or planar conductor 1, a second or strip conductor 2, and a

layer of dielectric material 3 which separates the conductors I and 2 in parallel relation The dielectric material may comprise polyethylene, polystyrene, fibre glass or laminations of fibre glass and polytetrafluorethylene or other suitable material of dielectric quality, or if the waveguide structure permits, the dielectric may be air The output waveguide is of corresponding construction and includes a first or planar conductor la, a second or strip conductor 2 a and a layer of dielectric material 3 a The planar conductors 1 and la are terminated in a short cylindrical housing 4 one end of which is closed by an extension 7 of the layer of dielectric material 3 while the other end is closed by an extension 8 of the layer 3 a. The conductor strip 2 is also extended in overlying relation to extension 7 and is connected by a rivet or other suitable connecting means 9 to a spiral conductor 5 on the opposite side of the dielectric layer The conductor 2 a is connected in a similar manner to a spiral conductor 6 by connection 9 a through the dielectric extension 8 Alternatively, the spirals 5 and 6 may be formed as integral extension of the conductor strips 2 and 2 a respectively The two spirals 5 and 6 are of the same rotational sense and are disposed in axial alignment with a gyratory element 10 interposed therebetween The element 10 includes ferrites, the latter having the general formula RO Fe 203 in which R stands for a bivalent metal ion The ferrites are those containing bivalent ions of magnesium, zinc, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, manganese, or mixtures thereof. Disposed with the north and south poles 11 and 12 in axial alignment with the spirals 5 and 6 is an electromagnetic device 13 having a coil 14 and means 15 for controlling the strength of magnetic field In operation the magnetic field impressed across the body is selected to as to produce a gyro-resonant effect in the body The spiral 5 is arranged so that the conductor thereof is of a length to produce resonance at the operating frequency and the curvature thereof is such that the electric fields at two points spaced apart 90 along the spiral conductor are in quadrature The spiral 5 lauches the wave energy with circular polarisation in a directional sense compatible to the directional rotation of gyro-resonance in the body 10. The input wave energy is accordingly passed 70 practically lossless by the body 10 and i. picked up by the spiral 6 which corresponds in rotational sense to spiral 5 and translates the circular polarised wave to linear polarisation for propagation along the output 75 waveguide structure Any wave energy flowing in the reverse direction over the output connection B is launched by spiral 6 in a circular polarisation having a rotational sense opposite to that of the input wave 80 energy launched by spiral 5 In view of this opposed relationship the wave

energy launched in t; reverse direction by spiral 6 is completely absorbed in the body 10 thereby insuring a unilateral direction of 85 propagation through the coupling device. In the manufacture of the coupling device according to our invention the size and con figuration of the conductors 2, 2 a, 5 and 6 are predetermined and covered with a suit 9 ( able acid resistant material The portions of the conductors 1 and la to be retained are also covered with the acid resistant material. By known etching process the unwanted portions of the conductive layers are removed 95 leaving the desired configurations of the conductors This operation obviously can be repeated accurately for production purposes. The tubular wall 4 is connected as by soldering to the conductors 1 and la, and may 100 include a flange 4 a to overlap the strip extensions 7 and 8 This housing is desirable for the purpose of enclosing the coupling device and also to effect shielding against loss due to radiation 105 In Figs 6, 7 and 8, a second embodiment is shown which is completely shielded The unit comprises an input waveguide 16 and an output waveguide 17 coupled together by a cylindrical housing 18 Each of the wave 110 guides is in the form of a coaxial line preferably of the rectangular form comprising an outer conductor 19 and an inner conductor 20 The inner conductor 20 is shown to be of flat strip form and supported by 115 solid dielectric 21 which fills the outer conductor 19 It will be understood, of course, that the coaxial line may be an air line in which case the centre conductor 20 is provided with spacers at points therealong, and 120 as an alternative the waveguide may be of the sandwich type comprising only the upper and lower parallel walls with the centre conductor sandwiched therebetween In either case, the centre conductor is termin 125 ated centrally of the housing 18 and provided with a spiral portion 22 to effect circular polarisation of the wave energy The two spiral portions 22 and 23 are disposed in axial and parallel spaced relation and the 130 relation about said spiral conductors. A coupling device according to any one of claim 1 to 3 wherein each said transducer comprises a section of waveguide in 65 cluding one conductor which is electrically connected to the spiral conductor of the transducer. 6 A coupling device according to claim 5, wherein each said waveguide section com 70 prises a first conductor and a second conductor mutually disposed in dielectrically spaced parallel relation, said first conductor being wider than said second conductor to present thereto an extended surface for elec 75 trical field distribution of radio frequency waves propagated therealong, and said second conductor serving as said one conductor.

7 A coupling device according to claim 6, wherein each said waveguide section in 80 cludes a strip of dielectric material which serves to space apart the conductors of the section, said strip being extended beyond the end of said first conductor to support the spiral conductor of the associated transducer 85 spirals are in the same rotation sense so that when a magnetic field is applied between the north and south poles 24 and 25 wave propagation will pass through the ferrite body 26 in one direction and be inhibited in the opposite direction. The outer conductor 19 of each of the waveguides is connected to the housing 18 so that the housing completely shields the spirals 22 and 23 and the ferrite body 26. Where the waveguides are of the sandwiched type the inner and outer conductors thereof including the spirals may be formed by printed circuit technique. Regardless of the type of waveguide connection for the radio frequency coupling device, suitable transducers may be provided for coupling to other types of waveguides. The rectangular waveguide 16, for example, may be coupled directly to a circular coaxial line by means of a gradual reshaping section or to a hollow rectangular waveguide by means of a ridge transducer coupled to the centre conductor The rectangular coaxial waveguide may also be coupled directly to a Microstrip waveguide by connecting the centre conductor to the line conductor and the outer conductor to the planar or ground conductor of the Microstrip waveguide.


* GB785097 (A)

Description: GB785097 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements relating to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres for use either onnormal ground surfaces or on ground surfaces which are loose or yielding


F ar, n-' go fat 1; PATENT SPECIFICATION p Ati 785,097 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov 3, 1955. No 31470/55. Application made in Italy on Nov II, 1954. Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Class 144 ( 2), C 3 (B 12: D 3). International Classification: -B 62 g. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements relating to Pneumatic Vehicle Wheel Tyres for use either on Normal Ground Surfaces' or on Ground Surfaces which are Loose or Yielding We, PIRELLI SOCIETA PER AZIONI, a Limited Liability Company organised under the Laws of Italy, of 94, Viale Abruzzi, Milan, Italy, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres for use either on normal ground surfaces or on ground surfaces which are loose or yielding The term "ground surfaces" includes both road surfaces and surfaces off the road, e g the surfaces of fields and like agricultural areas, and "loose or yielding" means either in the dry condition of the ground surface, as in the case for example of a sandy or soft and crumbly soil surface, or in a wet (e g muddy) or snow covered condition. The object of the invention is to provide an improved construction of tyre which will ensure good running properties in respect of the tyre, including optimum road traction, irrespective of which type of ground surface the tyre is running on, whether it be the normal hard (solid) type, e g a normal road surface, or the loose or yielding type as above referred to. It is known that tyres required for use on loose or yielding ground surfaces, for example rough clay soil or muddy, marshy or sandy soil, should have greater cross-sectional dimensions than those which are typical (for a given diameter of tyre) of tyres for use on road surfaces of normal hardness The greater cross-sectional dimensions tend to reduce the specific pressure exerted by the tyre upon the ground and correspondingly to limit or avoid the embedding of the tyre theteinto. Such larger dimension tyres require, however, that the vehicle to be fitted with them shall be specially designed to accommodate the large dimensions of the tyre Alternatively it is impossible to use the

vehicle on certain types of ground surfaces In addition such larger dimensioned tyres are considerably more costly to produce than a normal tyre. According to the present invention, there is provided a pneumatic vehicle wheel tyre hav 50 ing a main tread whose peripheral surface is substantially flat in the cross-section of the tyre and whose width is not substantially less than two-thirds of the maximum width of the carcass portion of the tyre, and at each side of 55 said main tread, at a position inset, radially of the tyre, from the lateral boundary of said peripheral surface, a supplementary tread adapted to come into operation only when the tyre is used on a ground surface which is 60 loose or yielding, said supplementary tread being constituted by an annular shoulder extending continuously or discontinuously along the tyre, said shoulder being of such form in the cross-section of the tyre that its 65 radially outwardly directed surface or (in the case of a shoulder extending discontinuously) surfaces conform, in the unloaded condition of the tyre, to-the surface of a cone frustum disposed with its base towards the mid-circum 70 ferential plane of the tyre,:the angle of conicity of the frustum being such that along the portion of the tyre which is squeezed and in consequence compressed against the ground when the tyre is under load, the line in the cross 75 section of the tyre of said radially outwardly directed surface or surfaces lies substantially parallel to the rotational axis of the tyre, having been brought to this position by the compression of the tyre 80 With a tyre embodying this invention the effect when the tyre is used on a loose or yielding ground surface is that the tread portion of the tyre embeds itself in the ground, forming -a rut in which the tyre as a whole is guided 85 with consequent maximum road traction, even on very crumbly soil At the same time the further important effect is achieved -that the shoulders on the two sides of the tyre, by coming into contact with the ground surface in 90 f 1 / l,', ' 7 C, \ 7-11l? _r 1 j '11 L) ' 1-Z 1 1 ' 1 J 1-'1, t 2 785,097 consequence of the embedding of the tread contact therewith During running of the tyre portion of the tyre therein, add their quota of on a loose or yielding ground surface as above load supporting surface to that of said tread referred to, owing to the embedding of the portion, so further ensuring good running tyre into said surface, not only is the main properties to the tyre tread in engagement with the surface but also 70 The shoulders will generally be suitably the radially outwardly directed surfaces of the buttressed from the side wall portion of the shoulders 3, with the result that these tyre, either by circumferentially spaced radial shoulders participate in the load supporting webs or by gradually merging the line of the function of the tyre, increasing the effective profile of the shoulders, in the

cross-section of width of the load supporting zone of the tyre 75 the tyre, into the line of the profile of the side surface from L, the width of the main tread, wall portion of the tyre to LW, the overall width of the main tread plus The shoulders are preferably moulded in the two shoulders 3 The effect is illustrated one integral unit with the side wa W and main clearlyin Figure 2, where the lower part of tread portions of the tyre the tyre, where the latter is squeezed and in 80 The: invention-will now be further des consequence compressed against the ground cribed with reference to the accompanying Surface under the load P, is represented to the drawings, which illustrate a generally pre left of the mid-circumferential plane of the : ferred embodiment by way of example tyre as running on a normal ground surface -In these drawings:: and to the right on a loose or yielding ground 85 Figure 1 is a cross-section through the tyre surface. in the non-loading condition thereof, and The angle a, which may be any convenient -: Figure 2 is a cross-section through the lower angle between 91 and 140 , should be so part-of the tyre when the latter is in the loaded chosen that along the aforesaid lower portion condition, the said lower part being the part of the tyre the radially outwardly directed sur 90 which is squeezed against the ground, with faces of the shoulders 3 are, in the crossresulting -deformation of the tyre, under the section of the tyre, parallel or nearly so to the load P applied to the tyre along the line of the rotational axis of the tyre, having been arrow indicated in the figure brought to this position in consequence of The tyre shown comprises a tread 1 whose deformation of the tyre section under the load 95 peripheral (ground contacting) surface is P, which deformation involves a flexing to a nearly flat in the cross-section of the tyre, a smaller radius of the side wall portions of the carcass 2 and two supplementary treads as tyre to which the shoulders are integrally hereinbefore -referred to formed respectively connected. by a pair of annular shoulders 3 The tyre is Otherwise expressed, the magnitude of the 100 shown in mounted position on a wheel rim 4 angle a should be such, having regard to the and is assumed to be inflated extent to which the section of the tyre deforms The shoulders 3 are composed of any suit along the portion which is squeezed against able rubber compound and form a unitary the ground surface when the tyre is under moulded structure with the main tread 1 and load, that while in the rest (non-loaded) con 105 the carcass 2, being located in each case at a -dition of the tyre the lines of the radially p 6 sition inset, radially of the tyre, by a dis directed surfaces of the shoulders 3 form, in tance H from the lateral boundary of the peri the cross-section of the tyre, the angle P with -: pheral siurface of the main tread 1, at which the rotational axis of the tyre and therefore

-position they are disposed as shown adjacent -with a line-normal to the mid-circumferential 110 the radially outermost zones of the side walls -plane of the tyre and passing through the zone of the carcass of junction of the periphery of the shoulder The sides of the main tread 1 make in each with the side of the main tread 1, this angle case (considering the tyre in the unloaded con is reduced along the portion of the tyre which dition thereof, and therefore considering the in the loaded condition thereof is squeezed 115 portion of the tyre which is not in contact against the ground surface to a value equal or -with the ground when the tyre is in use) an nearly equal to zero, with the result that the obtuse angle a with the radially outwardly angle included between the periphery (radially directed surface of the adjacent shoulder 3, -outwardly directed surface) of the shoulder the angle a beiig of -such magnitude that said and the side of the main tread assumes a value 120 -radially outwardly directed surface conforms a equal or nearly equal to /? substantially to the surface of a cone frustum The width of the main tread may be of any having its base directed towards the mid-cir:convenient magnitude not substantially less cuhferential plane of the tyre and the line of than two-thirds of the width C of the carcass the surface, in the cross-section of the tyre, portion of the tyre and the overall width L 1 of 125 being disposed at an angle P to the rotational the ground contacting zone of the tyre made axis of the tyre up of the width of the main tread 1 and the During the running of the tyre on afnormal -combined widths of the two supplementary (hard) ground: surface, e g a normal road suf treads formed by the shoulders 3, may be of face, only the main tread of the tyre is in any desired magnitude up to or, as in the 130 78,9 particular embodiment of the invention illustrated, greater than said overall width C The increase in the width of the load carrying surface of the tyre from L to L' is limited only by practical overall requirements due to the dimension L' and, as will be understood, the effect of said increase is to provide for a greater distribution of the load P on a working length of the load supporting area of the tyre (Figure 2) measured along the line of the mid-circumference of the tyre. The present invention may be applied to tyres of conventional construction, the carcass of the tyre being formed of several super-> imposed plies each consisting of an assembly of cords laid parallel to one another in the ply and composed of a material of natural, artificial or synthetic origin, the plies being arranged in such a way that the cords are alternately crossed in the various layers The invention may also be applied to tyres constructed in accordance with the inventions described in the Specifications of United Kingdom Patents No 700,435, No 726,810, No 755,990, and No 769,325.

As already indicated, the shoulders 3 may be either continuous or discontinuous (interrupted) circumferentially of the tyre and the extent to which the shoulders are inset from the lateral boundary of the peripheral surface of the main tread may be such that when the tyre is running on a normal ground surface only the main tread comes into contact therewith, even when the tread pattern thereof is worn down completely by abrasion.


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