49 ren+®e enevold_non pollen palynomorphs

DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCE

AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU

Renée EnevoldICP-IOCP 2016

Salvador

Moesgaard Museum&

Aarhus University, DenmarkDept. of Geoscience

Dept. of Prehistoric Archaeology

NON POLLEN PALYNOMORPHS

Renée Enevold

- og hvad vi kan brug dem til


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

Criteria:

All other micro-morphs than pollen in the samples

Morphological identifiable

Quantifiable

Size: 2-200 µm

NON POLLN PALYNOMORPHS


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

Context for a NPP analysis NPP types pr. survey

Usually reported from pollen preparations

Rough average: 10-30 NPPs

All sediment and soil types Increasingly more

Mostly Quaternary Fragments to whole organisms

Archaeology, palaeolimnology, palaeoecology, climate studies,forensic surveys

New types are continuously being described

State of the art:

Most reported NPPs and their usual area of interpretation

Diatoms and dinocysts Climate studies

Fungal spores Fire regimes and anthropogenicinfluence, archaeology

Testate amoeba Peat ecology, palaeoecology

Green algae and cyanobacteria

Palaeolimnology and climate studies


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

NPP SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

FUNGI

Mutualistic and parasitic fungi

Saprotrophic and coprophilic fungi

Suggested reading:VAN GEEL, B., 2006. Fossil ascomycetes in Quaternary deposits. Nova Hedwigia, 82 (3), pp. 313; 313-329; 329.


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

Fruitbodies Spores

Photo : Renée EnevoldPhoto : Renée Enevold


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

ZOOLOGICAL REMAINS

Photo : Renée Enevold


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

ZOOLOGICAL PARTS



Suggested reading:

KVAVADZE, E. and KAKHIANI, K., 2010. Palynology of the Paravani burial mound (Early Bronze Age, Georgia). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 19(5), pp. 469-478.


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

BRANCHIOPODA



AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

Suggested reading: Brinkkemper, O. & van Haaster, H. 2012, "Eggs of intestinal parasites whipworm (Trichuris) and mawworm (Ascaris): Non-pollen palynomorphs in archaeological samples", Review of palaeobotany and palynology, vol. 186, no. 0, pp. 16-21.

PARASITE EGGS



AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

PLANT REMAINS



AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador



AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

ALGAE




AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

TESTING THE METHOD TO THE LIMIT

3. Criteria

All other micromorphs than pollen in the samples -cataloguing every potential palynomorph

2. Preparation

Minimizing bias in the preparation procedure – aiming at the highest NPP diversity

1. Sampling

Approaching representative subsamples

4. Identifications

Contact with experts for all groups


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

• 28 samples

• 6000 years of sediment

• Intense anthropogenic disturbance approx. 800 years

• Sediment analysis

• Pollen analysis

• Macrofossil analysis

• NPP analysis

TÅRUP LUND FOREST HOLLOW

Iron Age field system approx. 500 BC – AD 300


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

De

pth

Pollen analysisSediment analysis

De

pth

Ag

e (

ca

lyr)

Ag

e (

ca

lyr)


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

Mild preparation procedure applied

Everything describable counted

Minimum count 300

Everything photographed

NPP ANALYSIS OF TÅRUP LUND SAMPLES

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

De

pth

Sp ore 1

20 40 6 0

Spore 1

9

Spore 2

9

Sp ore 3

0

Sp ore 3

1

Spore 3

2 (spo

rorm

i ella

)

Spore 3

4

Sp ore 3

6

Spore 4

3 (sma

ll pod

osp

ora)

Spore 4

5

Spore 5

3 (+ sp

ore 2

8 2)

20

Sp ore 6

3

Sp ore 6

4

Spore 6

6

Spore 6

8

Sp ore 6

9

Spore 7

1

Spore 7

3

Spore 7

6

Sp ore 8

3

Spore 8

5 (pod

ospora)

Spore 8

9

Spore 9

2

Spore 9

5

Sp ore 1

00

2 0

Spore 1

01

Spore 1

06

Sp ore 1

08

Sp ore 1

09

Spore 1

10 (+

spore 6

5)

Spore 1

12

Spore 1

14

Sp ore 1

16

Spore 1

25

Spore 1

28

Spore 1

29

Sp ore 1

33

Spore 1

38

Spore 1

40

Sp ore 1

41

Spore 1

43

Spore 1

44

Spore 1

49

Sp ore 1

51

Spore 1

52

Spore 1

56

Spore 1

57

Sp ore 1

58 (+

macro

9)

Spore 1

59

Spore 1

64

Sp ore 1

66

Sp ore 1

67

20

Spore 1

70 (

"sigmo

polis

")

Spore 1

72

Spore 1

75 (+

spore 7

7)

Spore 1

76

Sp ore 1

81

Spore 1

82

Spore 1

84

2 0

Sp ore 1

97

Sp ore 2

00

Sp ore 2

02

Spore 2

08 (+

macro

46, 50

) Hypo

pod

i a o f G

aeu

manomyc

es

Spore 2

10

20 4 0 6 0

Sp ore 2

14

Spore 2

15

Spore 2

17

Spore 2

18

Sp ore 2

19

Spore 2

20 (s

mal l

sporor

miella

)

Spore 2

21

Spore 2

22

20

Sp ore 2

23 ("

gel asi n

ospora

")

Sp ore 2

24

2 0

Spore 2

25 (+

spore 2

22)

Spore 2

26 (k

retzs

chmaria

, spo

re 132)

Spore 2

30

Spore 2

33

Sp ore 2

34

Sp ore 2

40

Spore 2

43

Spore 2

45

Sp ore 2

53

Spore 2

63

Spore 2

65

Spore 2

69

Sp ore 2

80

Spore 2

81

Spore 2

84

Sp ore 2

90

Spore 2

91

Spore 2

92

Spore 2

93

Sp ore 2

94

20

Spore 2

95

Spore 2

96

Spore 2

97

Sp ore 2

98 (+

spore 1

80)

Sp ore 2

99

Spore 3

00

2 0

Spore 3

01

Spore 3

02

Sp ore 3

03

Spore 3

04

Spore 3

06

Spore 3

07

20 4 0

Sp ore 3

08

2 0

Spore 3

09

Sp ore 3

10

Spore 3

12

Spore 3

13 (+

spore 1

54)

Spore 3

14

Sp ore 3

15

Spore 3

16

Spore 3

18 (+

spore 2

78)

Spore 3

19

Sp ore 3

20

Spore 3

21

Spore 3

22

Spore 3

23 (+

oocy

te 2

4)

Sp ore 3

24

Sp ore 3

25

Spore 3

26

Spore 3

27

Sp ore 3

28

Spore 3

29 ("

si gmopol

i s")

Spore 3

30

Spore 3

31

Sp ore 3

32

Spore 3

33

Spore 3

34

Sp ore 3

35

Sp ore 3

36

Spore 3

37

Spore 3

38

Sp ore 3

39

Spore 3

40

Spore 3

41

Spore 3

42

Sp ore 3

43

Spore 3

44

Spore 3

45 (+

spore 3

05)

Spore 3

46

Sp ore 3

47

Sp ore 3

48

Spore 3

49

Mak

ro 1 (F

ungal

f rui tb

od y)

Mak

ro 2

Mak

ro 5

Mak

ro 7

Mak

ro 11

Mak

ro 16

Mak

ro 17

Mak

ro 2 0

Mak

ro 21

Mak

ro 26

Mak

ro 28 (+

spore

139)

Mak

ro 3 0 (s

mal l-p

i tte t x

y lem

)

Mak

ro 32

Mak

ro 34

Mak

ro 3 6

Mak

ro 4 1

Mak

ro 42

Mak

ro 47

2 0

Mak

ro 4 8 (+

mac

ro 62

, 65 )

Mak

ro 49 (+

mac

ro 54

)

Mak

ro 5 1 (l

arge-p

i tte t x

yl em)

Mak

ro 52

Mak

ro 53 (m

acro 86

)

Mak

ro 56

Mak

ro 5 7

Mak

ro 60

Mak

ro 61

Mak

ro 6 4

Mak

ro 66

Mak

ro 69 (+

mac

ro 7 7

, 90)

Mak

ro 70

Mak

ro 7 1 (H

dV-1

0 64)

Mak

ro 72

Mak

ro 73 (+

mac

ro76

)

Mak

ro 74 (+

mac

ro79

, Insec

t or p

lant 2

0)

Mak

ro 7 5

Mak

ro 80 (m

a cro 78

)

Mak

ro 81

Mak

ro 8 2 (m

acro 97

)

Mak

ro 83

Mak

ro 84 (c

onid ie s

po re)

Mak

ro 85

Mak

ro 87

Mak

ro 8 8

Mak

ro 89

Mak

ro 92

Mak

ro 93

Mak

ro 9 4

Mak

ro 95

Mak

ro 96

Mak

ro 9 8

Mak

ro 9 9

Mak

ro 10 0

20

Sc lari fo

rm perf

orat io

n pl

ate

Ph ytoli te

2

Bryop

hyta 1 (s

phag

n um)

Pterid

ophyta 1

(po lyp

odi um

)

Pterid

o phyta 4

(dryo

pter

is)

Pterid

ophyta 5

(pter

idi um

)

T ri lete

s pore

uni ff.

Algae 1

Al gae 2

Al gae 3

(mac

ro 5

5)

Algae 4

Al gae 5

(+alg a

e 11)

Al gae 7

(alga e

6, meu ge

otia

)

Al gae 8

(gleotr

ichia)

Algae 9

Algae 10

Bo tryo

cocc

us 1

Pedia str

um 1

Pedia str

um 9

Pediastr

u m u

ndiff.

Sp irogyra

1

Spirogyra

2 (o

rnam

e nted,

o ocyte

17 )

Diatom

3

Di ato m

6

Di atom

8

2 0

Di atom

undi f

f .

Anabena

1

Rivol ar

i a ty

pe

20

Sp onge s

picule

1

20

Sponge s

picul e

2

Sponge s

picul e

3 (m

acro

67)

Foram

in ifera

l l in ing

Oo cyte

5

Oo cyte

6

Oocyte

7

Oocyte

9

Oocyte

10

Oo cyte

12

Oocyte

13

Oocyte

14 (S

pore

18 3)

Oocyte

15

Oo cyte

16

Oocyte

19

Oocyte

20 (p

a rasi t

e egg

5)

Oocyte

21 (s

p ore 2

16, fi

l ini a

)

Oo cyte

22

Oocyte

25

Oocyte

26

Oo cyte

27

Oocyte

un di f

f.

Amoe

ba 5 (b

ottle)

Amoe

ba 5

Ha ir 1

Hai r 2

Hai r 3

Ha ir 4

Fi r 1 Fi r 2 Inse

ct o r p

lant 1

Inse

ct or p

l ant 7

Inse

ct or p

l ant 9 (

+ macr

o 68)

Inse

ct or p

l ant 10

(+fi r3)

Inse

ct o r p

lant 12

Inse

ct or p

l ant 13

Inse

ct or p

l ant 15

(+14

)

Inse

ct o r p

lant 16

Inse

ct or p

l ant 17

Inse

ct or p

l ant 18

Inse

ct or p

l ant 21

Inse

ct o r p

lant 22

Inse

ct or p

l ant 23

Inse

ct or p

l ant 24

(+11

)

Inse

ct or p

lant 25

Inse

ct ante

nna 1

Inse

ct a nte

nna 5

Inse

ct ante

nna 6

Inse

ct ante

nna 7

Inse

ct a nte

nna 8

Inse

ct ante

nna 9

Cl aw 4

(hair 2

)

Inse

ct leg

1

Inse

ct mou

thparts

(mite

)

Paras i te

egg

3 (S

po re 1

46)

Fi bre 3

Fi bre 4

Stj ern

ehår 1

T ri ch os

clerid

1

20 4 0 6 0

Fu ngal s

pore

s

2 0 40 60 8 0

Plant p

a rts

2 0 40

Algae

2 0 40

Other a

qua

t i c o

rganis

ms

20 40

Arthrop

oda

rem

ains

Other


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

Spores Plant

1, 53, 5

5, 56, 5

9, 5

12, 514, 5

16, 533, 5

51, 555, 558, 564, 570, 575, 579, 584, 5

87, 5

90, 594, 5

97, 5

101,5

104,5

109,5

119,5

124,5

Cal A

ge B

P

20 40 60

Coprop

hil ous

fungal

spore

s

Spore 3

2

Spore 7

3

Spore 2

20

Sp ore 4

3

Spore 8

5

Spore 2

90

Spore 3

4

Spore 2

21

Spore 2

94

Spore 3

12

Spore 3

44

Spore 3

49

Sp ore 1

38

Spore 2

18

Spore 2

69

Spore 2

99

20

Sp ore 3

09

Spore 3

28

Sp ore 3

34

Spore 3

48

Spore 8

9

Spore 3

6 (Ch aet

omium)

2 0

Spore 2

23 (G

elas inosp

ora)

Sp ore 2

92

Spore 2

93

20

Spore 2

95

Spore 3

00

2 0

Spore 3

01

Spore 3

04

Spore 3

06

Spore 3

07

Spore 3

15

Sp ore 3

24

Spore 2

84

Sp ore 3

37

Spore 9

2

Sp ore 1

29

Spore 2

02

Spore 2

26 (K

retzsc

hmaria

deu

sta)

Spore 3

22

Spore 3

02

Spore 3

03

Spore 2

22

Spore 2

24

2 0

Spore 2

25

2 0

Sp ore 1

01

2 0 4 0 60

Spore 2

14

2 0 4 0

Spore 3

08

20 40 60

Sp ore 1

9

20

Spore 6

3

Spore 6

9

Spore 1

66

Spore 1

10

Sp ore 7

6

Spore 2

81

Spore 3

18

Spore 3

19

Sp ore 3

20

Spore 3

21

Sp ore 1

16

Spore 1

09

20

Spore 1

70

Sp ore 2

91

Spore 1

76

Spore 2

08

Spore 9

5

Sp ore 1

41

Spore 1

43

Sp ore 2

96

Spore 8

3

Sp ore 3

40

Spore 2

65

Spore 3

41

Spore 3

36

Spore 2

97

Sp ore 2

43

Spore 1

12

Spore 1

40

Spore 6

8

Sp ore 3

47

Spore 2

30

Spore 2

98

Spore 3

45

Sp ore 3

1

Spore 1

00

Spore 3

0

Spore 2

34

Spore 3

39

Sp ore 1

33

Spore 2

00

Spore 3

38

Spore 3

10

20

Sp ore 1

97

Spore 3

25

Sp ore 3

27

Spore 3

23

Spore 1

59

Spore 1

57

Spore 7

1

Sp ore 2

15

Spore 2

17

Sp ore 1

81

Spore 1

08

Sp ore 5

3

Spore 1

58

Spore 1

06

Spore 1

64

Sp ore 3

29

Spore 2

33

Spore 3

30

Spore 3

32

Spore 3

33

Sp ore 3

13

Spore 1

52

Sp ore 3

31

Spore 1

75

Sp ore 3

14

Spore 2

53

Spore 3

35

Spore 1

67

Spore 2

10

Spore 2

80

Spore 2

63

Sp ore 4

5

Spore 1

14

2 0 4 0

Pl ant r

ema ins

Mak

ro 1

Mak

ro 2

Mak

ro 5

Mak

ro 7

Mak

ro 11

Mak

ro 16

Mak

ro 17

Mak

ro 20

Mak

ro 21

Mak

ro 26

Mak

ro 28

Mak

ro 30

Mak

ro 32

Mak

ro 34

Mak

ro 36

Mak

ro 41

Mak

ro 42

Mak

ro 47

2 0

Mak

ro 48

Mak

ro 49

Mak

ro 51

Mak

ro 52

Mak

ro 53

Mak

ro 56

Mak

ro 57

Mak

ro 60

Mak

ro 61

Mak

ro 64

Mak

ro 66

Maro

69

Mak

ro 70

Mak

ro 71

Mak

ro 72

Mak

ro 73

Mak

ro 74

Mak

ro 75

Mak

ro 80

Mak

ro 81

Mak

ro 82

Mak

ro 83

Mak

ro 84

Mak

ro 85

Mak

ro 87

Mak

ro 88

Mak

ro 89

Mak

ro 92

Mak

ro 93

Mak

ro 94

Mak

ro 95

Mak

ro 96

Mak

ro 98

Mak

ro 99

Mak

ro 100

2 0

Sc lari fo

rm p erfo

ratio

n plate

Ph ytoli th

2

Bryop

h yta 1

Pterid

ophyta

1

Pterid

ophyta

4

Pterid

ophyta

5

T ri lete

spo

re uni ff .

St jern

ehår 1

Tri chos

cl erid

1

Al gae 1

Al gae 2

Al gae 3

Al gae 4

Algae 5

Al gae 7

Algae 8

Al gae 9

Algae 10

Botryo

cocc

us 1

Pediastr

um 1

Pediastr

um 9

Pe diastr

um und

i f f.

Spirogyr

a 1

Sp irogyr

a 2

Diatom

3

Di atom

6

Diatom

8

2 0

Di atom

undif

f .

20

Sponge

s pi cule 1

2 0

Sponge

spicule 2

Sponge

spi cule 3

Anabena

1

Ri volar

ia ty

p e

Oocyte

5

Oo cyte

6

Oocyte

20

Oocyte

undi f

f.

Oocyte

22

Oocyte

25

Oocyte

26

Oocyte

27

Amoe

ba 5

Oocyte

9

Oo cyte

7

Oocyte

10

Oo cyte

1 2

Oocyte

13

Oocyte

14

Oocyte

15

Oocyte

16

Oo cyte

1 9

Oocyte

21

Hair 1

Hai r 2

Ha ir 3

Hai r 4

Fi r 1 F ir 2 Inse

ct or p

lant 7

Inse

ct or p

l ant 9

Inse

ct or p

lant 1

0

Inse

ct or p

l ant 1

2

Inse

ct or p

lant 1

3

Inse

ct or p

l ant 1

5

Inse

ct or p

lant 1

7

Inse

ct or p

l ant 1

8

Inse

ct or p

l ant 2

2

Inse

ct or p

l ant 2

3

Inse

ct or p

l ant 2

4

Inse

ct or p

lant 2

5

Inse

ct ante

nna 1

Inse

ct ante

nna 5

Inse

ct ante

nna 6

Inse

ct ante

nna 7

Inse

ct ante

nna 8

Cl aw 4

(hai r

2)

Inse

ct leg 1

Inse

ct mouthp

arts 1

Pa ras i te

egg

3

Fibre 3

Fi bre 4

20

Algae

2 0 4 0

Other a

quat i c

orga

nisms

20

Arthrop

od re

mai ns

Sporor miella Podospor a t ype Sor daria ty pe Cer cophor a t ype Sor dar iales Pyrenomycet esLept ospheria gr oup

Xylariaceae Plant rem ains Algae Zoological rem ainsO t her aquat ic or ganism s

Algal Zoological

• NPP types after reduction: 260

• Spores, mainly fungal: 149

• Plant remains: 53

• Algal remains: 25

• Zoological remains and resting eggs: 33

Reduced diagram


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

Cal A

ge

BP

20 40 60

Coprop

hilou

s fu

ngal s

pore

s

Spore

32

Spore

73

Spore

220

Spore

43

Spore

85

Spore

290

Spore

34

Spore

221

Spore

294

Spore

312

Spore

344

Spore

349

Spore

138

Spore

218

Spore

269

Spore

299

20

Spore

309

Spore

328

Spore

334

Spore

348

Spore

89

Spore

36

(Chae

tom

ium

)

20

Spore

223

(Gel

asin

ospo

ra)

Spore

292

Spore

293

20

Spore

295

Spore

300

20

Spore

301

Spore

304

Spore

306

Spore

307

Spore

315

Spore

324

Spore

284

Spore

337

Spore

92

Spore

129

Spore

202

Spore

226

(Kre

tzsch

mar

ia d

eust

a)

Spore

322

Spore

302

Spore

303

20 40 60

Spore

214

20 40

Spore

308

20 40 60

Spore

19

20

Spore

63

Spore

69

Spore

166

Spore

110

Spore

76

Spore

281

Spore

318

Spore

319

Spore

320

Spore

321

Spore

116

Spore

109

20

Spore

170

Spore

291

Spore

176

Spore

208

Spore

95

Spore

141

Spore

143

Spore

296

Spore

83

Spore

340

Spore

265

Spore

341

Spore

336

Spore

297

Spore

243

Spore

112

Spore

140

Spore

222

Spore

224

20

Spore

225

20

Spore

101

Spore

68

Spore

347

Spore

230

Spore

298

Spore

345

Spore

31

Spore

100

Spore

30

Spore

234

Spore

339

Spore

133

Spore

200

Spore

338

Spore

310

20

Spore

197

Spore

325

Spore

327

Spore

323

Spore

159

Spore

157

Spore

71

Spore

215

Spore

217

Spore

181

Spore

108

Spore

53

Spore

158

Spore

106

Spore

164

Spore

329

Spore

233

Spore

330

Spore

332

Spore

333

Spore

313

Spore

152

Spore

331

Spore

175

Spore

314

Spore

253

Spore

335

Spore

167

Spore

210

Spore

280

Spore

263

Spore

45

Spore

114

Sporormiella Podospora type Sordaria type Cercophora type Sordariales PyrenomycetesLeptospheria group

Xylariaceae

HdV-44Kretzchmaria deusta

SPORES

HdV-11Sporormiella

HdV-368Podospora type

HdV-55Sordaia type

HdV-112Cercophora type

HdV-7AChaetomium

HdV-140Gelasinospora type

HdV-361

HdV-126 Hyphopodia ofGaeumannomyces

HdV-140Valsaria cf. variospora

HdV-11Chlamydospore


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Agriculture?Pastural farming?Terrestrialisation? Moisture gradient?


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

MODERN ANALOGUESi. Forest hollow with closed canopy (Moesgaard Skov)

ii. Dried out forest hollow with closed canopy (Langland)

iii. Alder carr (Moesgaard Skov)

iv. Small lake surrounded by acidic common and pasture (Helgenæs)

v. Small lake in a mixed deciduous forest (Hennetved Haver)

vi. Small lake in a Hazel coppice (Næs Skov)

vii. Semi-dried out pond with willow thicket and surrounded by agricultural fields (Mols)

viii. Small dried out pond immediately surrounded by agricultural fields (Mols)

ix. Small lake immediately surrounded by agricultural land (Mols)

x. Small lake with mixed thicket and surrounded by agricultural fields (Mols)


AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU


Salvador

AARHUSUNIVERSITETAU

TAK!

Facet eye? Photo Renée Enevold

Date post:	06-Apr-2017
Category:	Presentations & Public Speaking
Upload:	association-of-danish-museums-organisationen-danske-museer
View:	40 times
Download:	1 times

49 ren+®e enevold_non pollen palynomorphs

Presentations & Public Speaking