49142910-CHANGI-INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT

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CHANGI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTBuilding type : Transport building, Airport facilities Location : Changi, Singapore Changi, Completion : 2001 Owner : Land Transport Authority(LTA) Public WorksDepartment(PWD) Design consultant : Skidmore Owings & Merril LLP (SOM) Structural consultant : Ove Arup & Partners (U.S.A)


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BACKGROUND

Airport is operated by the Changi International Group home base of Singapore Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo, SilkAir, Tiger Airways, SilkAir, Jetstar Asia A

irways, Valuair and Jett8 Airlines Cargo. 4340 weekly flights operated by 80 airlines to 130 cities in 59 countries.[as of APRIL 2008] In 2009y the airport handled 37, 203, 978 passengers y 21st busiest airport in the world and the 5th busiest in Asia

by passenger traffic y airport is one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 1.66 million tons of cargo


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HISTORY

Singapore International Airport at Paya Lebar Opened in 1955 with a single runway and a small passenger terminal Singapore s third main civilian airport after Seletar Airport (main airport from 1930-37) and Kallang 1930Airport (1937-55) (1937With growth in global aviation transport, the airport was facing congestion problems inability to cope with the rising traffic became critical by the 1970s: annual passenger numbers rose dramatically from 30,000 in 1955 to 1,700,000 in 1970 and 4,000,000 in 1975.


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HISTORY

In 1972, they decided to keep the airport at Paya Lebar (recommendation of a British aviation consultant). Plans were made for the building of a second runway and an extensive redevelopmeny and expansion to the passenger terminal building.After a year, the plans were reviewed again as the pressure to expand the airport eases due to the 1973 oil crisis. 1975 the government subsequently decided tobuild a new airport at the eastern tip of the main island of Changi, at the existing base of Changi Air Base, where the Changi, new airport would be easily expandable through land reclamation. The airport in Paya Lebar was subsequently converted for military use as the Paya Lebar Air Base


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CONSTRUCTION

one of the largest single development projects in Singapore s history 19751975-land reclamation works involving over 52,000,000 square meters of landfill and sea fill [led by PSA chairman Howe Yoon Chong] Canals were built to drain water from three rivers, Sungei Tanah Merah Besar, Sungei Ayer Besar, Gemuroh and SungeiMata Ikan. Ikan. In total, 8.7 sq km were reclaimed, raising the total site area to 13 sq km.


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CONSTRUCTION

558 buildings, exhuming around 4,100 graves, a 38.1 cm gun replacement at Changiand diverting the three streams to the western side of the former Royal Air For

ce runway, which was to be used for the new 4,000 m runway Despite the airport opening in 1981, some sections were not completed. The big aircraft hangar was only completed in 1982; 1983 first runway; 1989 Terminal 2, November 1990 opening;1 June 1991 official opening


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THE AIRPORT

The airport has 3 terminals which long haul flights use and a 4th budget terminal for regional low cost carriers Transit between the main three terminals is made easy by a system of automated monorail trains which speed between terminals every few minutes. moving walkways are present to speed up journey times even further all areas of all three terminals can be accessed without clearing security or immigration [except the boarding gate]. This means that transit passengers canexplore the entire airport with ease and convenience


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TERMINAL 2

Terminal 2 opened on 22 November 1990 as part of Phase II in the original airport masterplan. masterplan. Deploying a linear configuration parallel to the runwa

ys, it is located adjacent to Terminal 1 towards the south, and heralded the opening of the original skytrain system linking the two terminals via the landside.Terminal 2 is split into four sections with gate numbers carrying the letter oftheir section. The terminal hosts a cinema and a Burger King as well as countless number of shops. The centrepiece is the indoor garden. The terminal also hasan outdoor rooftop garden and a technology section showcasing the world's largest plasma screen. The carpets are green and the gate information is displayed onLCD screens. Security checks must be completed prior to entering the gate gate.


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TERMINAL 3

Designed by CPG Corporation, with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill designing the roof feature and interior design by Woodhead Wilson, Terminal 3 departs from the largely utilitarian architecture in the first two terminals. Like other new airports in the region, it has a structure mainly made of glass, with big transparent

spaces inside the terminal.


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TERMINAL 3

The design of the terminal building utilizes the consistent equatorial sun to limit the amount of energy required for lighting and minimizes the cooling load ofthe building. A single flat roof spans the major spaces of terminal 3. At 250 meters by 300 meters it covers approximately 22 acres. Within the structural fram

ework of the roof a pattern of 2000 skylight openings has been established thatwill allow the terminal to be illuminated completely by natural daylight for eight hours a day, regardless of cloud cover.


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TERMINAL 3

Daylight is modified by a system of louvers both above and below the roof to meet the requirements of the zones of the building. On cloudy days they open to admit the maximum amount of illumination. If the electronic sensors detect a cloudless sky the louvers close to limit the amount of light and heat entering the bui

lding.


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TERMINAL 3

In landscaped areas the louvers are designed to reflect additional daylight towards the plants. More light is also allowed into the circulation and retail areaswhere changing patterns on the floor and walls help animate the space. The louvers below the roof are fixed at specific angles that allow some to channel dayli

ght to the floor of the terminal while other reflect light up to the ceiling. Bynight, artificial light from easily accessible sources near the floor is reflected off the louvers to provide uniform illumination within the terminal.


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TERMINAL 4

The Singapore Ministry of Transport is currently working on a masterplan on Terminal 4. Aviation experts estimate the terminal will be built in the next 10 to 15 years, although the government has not released any further details on the project.


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JETQUAY CIP TERMINAL

Privately run terminal, located next to T2. It was converted from the former VIPterminal that used to handle foreign dignitaries. It is an elite, dedicated CIP(Commercially Important People) terminal that can now be used by any passengertravelling in any class, on any airline, through any of the main terminals (T1,T2, or T3). JetQuay provides private checkcheck-in, baggage handling, and immigration clearance services.


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BUDGET TERMINALOpened as a dedicated terminal catering to the budget traveller. The name of theBudget Terminal was decided as a result of a naming contest open to the public.The terminal is not included in the numbering scheme even though it is the third terminal to be opened and Terminal 3 is actually the fifth terminal opened atthe airport. A range of duty-free shops and Food and Beverage outlets, and freeinternet terminals are available. There is no transfer facility at the Budget Te

rminal. Passengers who need to make transfers need to clear immigration (and getthe appropriate visas at their homecountry if applicable), collect their luggage, clear customs, make their way to the main terminal by taking the zero-fare shuttle buses and check-in again with the respective airline.


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TRANSPORTATION: THE CRYSTAL MOVER

Also called Changi Airport Skytrainy a people mover system that

connects Terminals 1, 2 and 3 at Singapore Changi Airport. y Opened 1990- first

auto-guided 1990autosystem in Asia y Initially consisted of Bombardier CXCX-100s, jointly built by Westinghouse and Adtranz (acquired by Bombardier). y 2002-work began on a new 2002S$135 million Mitsubishi Crystal MoverMover-based system toaccommodate the planned opening of Terminal 3 and the projected increase in demand as the airport expands.


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SERVICESPassenger Servicesy Airport has over 70,000 sq m of space

spread between its three main terminals for shopping and eating outlets, with Terminal 3 having the largest amount of retail space at 20,000 sq m y 2 differentlounges with 24-hour napping 24areas, showers and spa facilities, to hotel and p

ool amenities y Singapore Yours (created for those in transit for up to 5 hourswho are granted a special pass to leave the airport on one of four city tour options)


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SERVICES

Nature Trail (six themed garden reserves) Comprehensive dining and entertainmentoptions Wide array of duty-free and eating outlets dutyWithin the international

transit area of the interconnected Terminals 1 and 2: internet and games facilities, prayer rooms, showers, spas, gym, swimming pool and a hotel area providedVarious lounge areas, childrens play areas or television showing news, movie andsport channels


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Aircraft Maintenance Five

hangars house facilities to provide aircraft maintenance support by SIA Engineering Company and ST Aviation Services Company. This includes a 20,000 m2 (215,300sq ft) columncolumn-free hangar which was the world's largest when opened in 1981.


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Sources:http://www.changiairport.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Changi _Airport http://www.neverflyeconomy.com/changiinternational-airport-guide/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changi_Airport_S kytrain http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/projec t.cfm?id=711 http://www.mhi.co.jp/technology/review/pdf/e4 42/e442010.pdf


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49142910-CHANGI-INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT

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