7/31/2019 49147263 Lukisan Dinding

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Lukisan dinding

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Ceiling painting, by Jean-Andr Rixens. Ceiling lukisan, oleh Jean-Andr Rixens . Salle

des Illustres, Le Capitole, Toulouse, France. Salle des Illustres, Le Capitole, Toulouse,

Perancis .

A mural is any piece of artwork painted directly on a wall, ceiling or other largepermanent surface. mural adalah setiap karya seni melukis langsung di dinding, langit-

langit atau permanen permukaan besar lainnya.

Contents Isi

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1 History 1 Sejarah

2 Technique 2 Teknik

o 2.1 Historical mural techniques 2.1 Sejarah teknik mural

o 2.2 Material 2.2 Bahan

o 2.3 Modern mural techniques 2.3 Modern teknik mural

3 Significance of murals 3 Pentingnya mural

4 Murals and politics 4 Murals dan politik 5 Murals in contemporary Interior Design 5 Mural di Desain Interior kontemporer

o 5.1 Traditional Murals 5.1 Tradisional Muralso 5.2 Graffiti Style Murals 5.2 Murals Style Graffiti

6 Tile mural 6 Tile Mural

7 Notable muralists 7 Terkemuka muralists

8 Gallery 8 Galeri

9 See also 9 Lihat juga

10 Further reading 10 Bacaan lebih lanjut

http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#mw-headhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#mw-headhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#p-searchhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#mw-headhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#p-searchhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Andr%25C3%25A9_Rixens&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgnTqMVms5FW-5c1KUKzTiaPbMXLQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Andr%25C3%25A9_Rixens&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgnTqMVms5FW-5c1KUKzTiaPbMXLQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Andr%25C3%25A9_Rixens&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgnTqMVms5FW-5c1KUKzTiaPbMXLQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhggFntLsEK97bJt6XE-cfZpbzHTiwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhggFntLsEK97bJt6XE-cfZpbzHTiwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhggFntLsEK97bJt6XE-cfZpbzHTiwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhggFntLsEK97bJt6XE-cfZpbzHTiwhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Historyhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Techniquehttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Historical_mural_techniqueshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Materialhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Modern_mural_techniqueshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Significance_of_muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Murals_and_politicshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Murals_in_contemporary_Interior_Designhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Traditional_Muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Graffiti_Style_Muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Tile_muralhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Notable_muralistshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Galleryhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#See_alsohttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Further_readinghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Capitole.jpg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhOVBJs4FNmSCYNwai685ajKGWHeghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Capitole.jpg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhOVBJs4FNmSCYNwai685ajKGWHeghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#mw-headhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#p-searchhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#mw-headhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#p-searchhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Andr%25C3%25A9_Rixens&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgnTqMVms5FW-5c1KUKzTiaPbMXLQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Andr%25C3%25A9_Rixens&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgnTqMVms5FW-5c1KUKzTiaPbMXLQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhggFntLsEK97bJt6XE-cfZpbzHTiwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhggFntLsEK97bJt6XE-cfZpbzHTiwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhggFntLsEK97bJt6XE-cfZpbzHTiwhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Historyhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Historyhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Techniquehttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Techniquehttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Historical_mural_techniqueshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Historical_mural_techniqueshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Materialhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Materialhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Modern_mural_techniqueshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Modern_mural_techniqueshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Significance_of_muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Significance_of_muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Murals_and_politicshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Murals_and_politicshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Murals_in_contemporary_Interior_Designhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Murals_in_contemporary_Interior_Designhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Traditional_Muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Traditional_Muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Graffiti_Style_Muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhSvt7vXyZLBPcVUVY9iIeu_vhKA#Graffiti_Style_Muralshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mural&prev=/search%3Fq%3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11 References 11 Referensi

12 External links 12 Pranala luar

[ edit ] History [ sunting ] Sejarah

Murals of sorts date to Upper Paleolithictimes such as the paintings in the Chauvet Cavein Ardche department of southern France (around 30.000 BC). Mural tanggal macam

untukUpper Paleolitikkali seperti lukisan di Gua Chauvetdi Ardchedepartemen

selatan Perancis (sekitar 30.000 SM). Many ancient murals have survived in Egyptiantombs (around 3150 BC), [ 1 ]the Minoan palaces (Middle period III of the Neopalatial

period, 1700-1600 BC) and in Pompeii(around 100 BC - AD 79). Banyak mural kuno

bertahan dalam kuburan Mesir (sekitar 3150 SM), [1] di istana-istana Minoan (Tengah

periode III periode Neopalatial, 1700-1600 SM) dan di Pompeii(sekitar 100 SM - AD79).

In modern times the term became more well-known with the Mexican "muralista" artmovement ( Diego Rivera , David Siqueiros , orJos Orozco ). Di zaman modern istilah

menjadi lebih terkenal dengan Meksiko muralista "gerakan seni" ( Diego Rivera , DavidSiqueiros , atauJose Orozco ). There are many different stylesand techniques. Ada

berbagai gaya dan teknik. The best-known is probablyfresco , which uses water-soluble

paints with a damp lime wash, a rapid use of the resulting mixture over a large surface,and often in parts (but with a sense of the whole). Yang paling terkenal mungkinfresco,

yang menggunakan-larut cat air dengan mencuci kapur lembab, penggunaan yang cepat

dari campuran yang dihasilkan di atas permukaan yang besar, dan sering pada bagian(tetapi dengan rasa keseluruhan). The colors lighten as they dry. Warna meringankan saat

mereka kering. Themarouflage method has also been used for millennia. The

marouflage Metode juga telah digunakan selama ribuan tahun.

Murals today are painted in a variety of ways, using oil or water-based media. Mural hariini dicat dalam berbagai cara, menggunakan minyak atau media berbasis air. The styles

can vary from abstract to trompe-l'il(a French term for "fool" or "trick the eye"). Gaya

dapat bervariasi dari abstrak ke trompe-l'il(istilah Perancis untuk "bodoh" atau "trikmata"). Initiated by the works of mural artists like Graham Rust orRainer Maria Latzke

in the 1980s, trompe-l'oeilpainting has experienced a renaissance in private and public

buildings in Europe. Diprakarsai oleh karya-karya seniman mural sepertiGraham Karat

atau Rainer Maria Latzkepada 1980-an, trompe-l'il lukisan telah mengalamikebangkitan di gedung-gedung swasta dan publik di Eropa. Today, the beauty of a wall

mural has become much more widely available with a technique whereby a painting orphotographic image is transferred to poster paper orcanvas which is then pasted to a wallsurface (see wallpaper,Frescography ) to give the effect of either a hand-painted mural

or realistic scene. Hari ini, keindahan mural dinding telah menjadi jauh lebih banyak

tersedia dengan teknik dimana atau fotografi gambar lukisan akan dipindahkan ke kertasposter atau kanvas yang kemudian disisipkan ke permukaan dinding (lihatwallpaper,

Frescography) untuk memberikan efek baik mural tangan dicat atau adegan realistis.

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[ edit ] Technique [ sunting ] Teknik

[ edit ] Historical mural techniques [ sunting ] Sejarah teknik mural

In the history of mural several methods have been used: Dalam sejarah mural beberapa

metode telah digunakan:

A Fresco painting, from the Italian word affresco which derives from the adjectivefresco("fresh"), describes a method, where the paint is applied onplasteron walls or ceilings.

Sebuah Fresco lukisan, dari Italiaaffresco kata yang berasal dari lukisan kata sifat

("segar"), menggambarkan suatu metode, dimana cat diterapkan padaplesterpadadinding atau langit-langit. TheBuon fresco technique consists of painting inpigment

mixed with wateron a thin layer of wet, fresh, lime mortarorplaster. Thefresco Buon

teknik terdiri dari melukis dipigmendicampur dengan airpada lapisan tipis basah, segar,mortar kapuratauplester. The pigment is then absorbed by the wet plaster; after a

number of hours, the plaster dries and reacts with the air: it is this chemical reaction

which fixes the pigment particles in the plaster. pigmen tersebut kemudian diserap olehplester basah, setelah beberapa jam, plester mengering dan bereaksi dengan udara: ituadalah reaksi kimia yang perbaikan partikel pigmen di plester. After this the painting

stays for a long time up to centuries in fresh and brilliant colors. Setelah lukisan itu tetap

untuk waktu yang lama sampai berabad-abad dalam warna segar dan cemerlang.

" A Secco" painting is done on dry plaster (secco is "dry" in Italian). " Sebuah Secco"lukisan dilakukan pada plester kering (Secco adalah" kering "dalam bahasa Italia). The

pigments thus require a binding medium, such as egg ( tempera), glue oroil to attach the

pigment to the wall. Pigmen sehingga membutuhkan media yang mengikat, seperti telur(tempera , lem) atau minyakuntuk melampirkan pigmen ke dinding.

"Mezzo-fresco", is painted on nearly-dry plaster, which is defined by the sixteenth-

century author Ignazio Pozzo as firm enough not to take a thumb-print, so that the

pigment only penetrates slightly into the plaster. "Mezzo-fresco", dilukis pada plesterhampir-kering, yang didefinisikan oleh penulis Ignazio abad keenam belas-Pozzo sebagai

"cukup kuat untuk tidak mengambil thumb-print", sehingga pigmen hanya sedikit

menembus ke dalam plester. By the end of the sixteenth century this had largelydisplaced the buon fresco method, and was used by painters such as Gianbattista Tiepolo

orMichelangelo . Pada akhir abad keenam belas ini sebagian besar telah mengungsi

metode lukisan Buon, dan digunakan oleh pelukis seperti Gianbattista TiepoloatauMichelangelo . This technique had, in reduced form, the advantages ofa secco work.

Teknik ini memiliki, dalam bentuk pengurangan, keuntungan darisuatu karya Secco.

[ edit ] Material [ sunting ] Bahan

In Greco-Roman times mostly encausticcolors ground in a moltenbeeswax orresin

binder and applied in a hot state was used. Dalam Yunani-Romawi kebanyakan kali

encaustic tanah warna dalam lelehan lilinatau resin binder dan diterapkan dalam keadaanpanas digunakan.

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ALkJrhiSdIBT12C-KSzqMh0kjQARaboUxwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempera&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj_LjM-OneptRxmyQa2iYsEq8UFwAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_painting&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhh2FtvK-WXsKRd3fbjU7YUoqKKUtAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianbattista_Tiepolo&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhheSNR7KdxUSS3mSXuSIO8_fDMwJAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjkS8yfieEaAlQ9a3ppZmHfPoO6Owhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianbattista_Tiepolo&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhheSNR7KdxUSS3mSXuSIO8_fDMwJAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjkS8yfieEaAlQ9a3ppZmHfPoO6Owhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DMural%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D4&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjmk-t65BHouAP04_StWIkm6rgnBwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DMural%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D4&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjmk-t65BHouAP04_StWIkm6rgnBwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Roman&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhiW5QF_Ox0ay1qOphJihte8hvIS7Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encaustic&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhfyVJnAzKBdo0yiy-10R60AhosuAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeswax&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhiZb03UR8MiNV-unwT8UEK7BgtIhAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhj8KPYHAesepujHtIvm6Lhn8-DKghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Roman&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhiW5QF_Ox0ay1qOphJihte8hvIS7Qhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encaustic&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhfyVJnAzKBdo0yiy-10R60AhosuAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeswax&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhiZb03UR8MiNV-unwT8UEK7BgtIhAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmural%26hl%3Did%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D461%26prmd%3Divns&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhj8KPYHAesepujHtIvm6Lhn8-DKg

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Tempera painting is one of the oldest known methods in mural painting, In tempera the

pigments are bind an albuminous medium such asegg yolkoregg whiteand have been

diluted in water. Tempera lukisan adalah salah satu metode yang tertua dalam lukisanmural, Dalam tempera pigmen yang mengikat sebuah media albuminous seperti kuning

teluratauputih telurdan telah dilarutkan dalam air.

In 16th-century Europe, oil painting on canvas came up as an easier method for mural

painting. Pada abad ke-16 Eropa, lukisan cat minyakdi atas kanvas muncul sebagaimetode yang lebih mudah untuk melukis mural. The advantage was, that the artwork

could be completed in the artist's studio and later transported to its destination and there

attached to the wall or ceiling. Keuntungannya adalah, bahwa karya seni bisa diselesaikandi studio artis dan kemudian diangkut ke tujuannya dan ada melekat pada dinding atau

langit-langit. Oil paint can be said to be the least satisfactory medium for murals, because

of its lack of brilliance in colour. Minyak cat dapat dikatakan menjadi media memuaskansetidaknya untuk mural, karena kurangnya kecemerlangan warna. Also the pigments are

yellowed by the binder or are easier affected by atmospheric conditions. Juga pigmen

yang menguning oleh pengikat atau lebih mudah dipengaruhi oleh kondisi atmosfer. Thecanvas itself is more subject to rapid deterioration then a plaster underground. Kanvas

sendiri lebih tunduk pada penurunan cepat maka plester bawah tanah.

[ edit ] Modern mural techniques [ sunting ] mural teknik Modern

Different muralists tend to become experts in their preferred medium and application,

whether that be oil paints, emulsion or acrylic paints applied by brush, roller or

airbrush/aerosols. muralists berbeda cenderung menjadi ahli dalam medium pilihanmereka dan aplikasi, apakah yang menjadi minyak cat, emulsi atau cat akrilik yang

diterapkan oleh kuas, roller atau airbrush / aerosol. Clients will often ask for a particular

style and the artist may adjust to the appropriate technique. Klien sering akan memintagaya tertentu dan artis bisa menyesuaikan diri dengan teknik yang tepat.

A consultation usually leads to a detailed design and layout of the proposed mural with a

price quote that the client approves before the muralist starts on the work. konsultasi

biasanya mengarah ke desain rinci dan tata letak mural yang diusulkan dengan penawaranharga yang klien menyetujui sebelum muralist dimulai pada pekerjaan. The area to be

painted can be gridded to match the design allowing the image to be scaled accurately

step by step. Area yang akan dicat bisa grid untuk mencocokkan desain memungkinkangambar yang akan skala akurat langkah demi langkah. In some cases the design is

projected straight onto the wall and traced with pencil before painting begins. Dalam

beberapa kasus desain diproyeksikan langsung ke dinding dan dijiplak dengan pensilsebelum lukisan dimulai. Some muralists will paint directly without any prior sketching,

preferring the spontaneous technique. Beberapa muralists akan melukis langsung tanpa

membuat sketsa terlebih dahulu, lebih memilih teknik spontan.

Once completed the mural can be given coats of varnish or protective acrylic glaze toprotect the work from UV rays and surface damage. Setelah selesai mural dapat diberikan

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