4DTrackingDetectors:MonolithicFastTimingSiliconDetectors

JessicaMetcalfe

ArgonneNa*onalLaboratory

1July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

EIC Considerations

2July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Luminosity•  upto1034•  expect~1-2interacGonsperevent•  Pileupshouldnotbeanissue,sGllneedtoidenGfyprimaryvertex

•  Bunchcrossing~10ns•  FastreadoutorGmestamptoidenGfybunchcrossingforanevent

Vertexing•  Hadronbeamspotβ=5cmParGcleidenGficaGon•  Gmeofflight•  dE/dx

RadiaGondamage•  Max1x10151MeVneq/cm2

•  Assuming~1%ofworstdoseatHL-LHC•  Tobeconfirmed

MaterialBudget•  Keepaslowaspossible

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

3July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Proposal:

4DTrackingDetectors:MonolithicFastTimingSiliconDetectors

•  Siliconalreadyhassmallpixels(10-50μm)forhighspaGalresoluGon•  AddGmingresoluGon•  be`erthanbunchcrossing•  ForvertexandtrackreconstrucGon•  ForparGcleID

•  MAPSmayreducecostandradiaGonlength5DDetector:x,y,z,Gme,energy•  AddasanopGonforanEMcalorimeter

Currentlyunderinves<ga<onbyItaliangroups(INFN,Trento,Torino,…),London,andUCSantaCruz

Neverdonebefore

Timing for Particle ID

4July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

ParGcleID:•  Expectedenergyrangeofcharged

parGclesisupto10GeV•  UsingtheGmeofflight,pion,kaon,and

protonscanbeidenGfiedduetomassdifferencesforagivenmomentum

•  Kaon-pionseparaGonrequiresresoluGonsontheorderof10psat10GeV

K-πTOF10ps@8GeV

Timing for Particle ID

5July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

ParGcleID:CombinedwithdE/dxforenhancedparGcleID

Timing for Track Reconstruction

6July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

ParGclesfromthestruckparton->Jetsubstructure•  IdenGficaGonofsecondary/terGaryverGces•  ParGcleidenGficaGon•  HighresoluGontracking

•  FragmentaGonfuncGon/structurefuncGon

IP

D*+

π+

parGcle cτπ± 7.8mπ0 25nmK± 3.7mK0S 2.7cmK0L 15.3mD± 312μmD0 123μm

Ultra Fast Silicon Detectors

7July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Howdoweachievefast/mingontheorderof10ps?•  CurrenttradiGonalsilicontechnologieshaveriseGme~1-10nsdeterminedbythedrio

velocityinanelectricfield1)Fasterspeedsachievedbyreducingthelengthe-hpairstravel->ThinSensors

Currentofoneelectron-holepair

NicoloCarGgliaCERNEPDetectorSeminar9/26/2014

Ultra Fast Silicon Detectors

8July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Howdoweachievefast/mingontheorderof10ps?2)Createanavalancheregiontoachievelargergains

-+

IncomingchargedparGcle

-+-+

+-+

+-+

-

+-

-

dV/dt>300kV/cmCreatelargepotenGalgradientbyapplyingaregionofhighdopingconcentraGonND>1016/cm3

Gainfactor~>10xmorechargeobserved

Low Gain Amplifying Detectors (LGAD)

9July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

LGAD• amplificaGonregion,~5μmthick• thinlayerofBoronorGallium• modifiestheeffecGvedopingconcentraGonprofile->electricfieldprofiletocreatehighfieldgradient

• RadiaGontoleranceshownupto1014neq/cm2• notastolerantastradiGonalsiliconduetothehighreacGvityoftheaccelerantlayer

Sadrozinski,CPADMeeGng,Arlington2015

5μm

5μm

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

10July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

SiliconDetectorR&DforEIC:

Timeresolu<on(inideallabcondi<ons)approaching10ps

Sadrozinski,CPADMeeGng,Arlington2015

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

11July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

LimiGngFactors:ShotNoise•  Mainfactoristheleakagecurrentinthebulk•  MulGplicaGonregionalsoaddstothenoiseduetostochasGcnature•  Signalenhancementfromgainincreasesmoreslowly(G)thanthenoiseincrease(√G2+x)

duetothegainfactorlimiGngtheoveralleffecGvenessofincreasingthegainontheS/NraGo->limitsgainfactor,G<20

Non-uniformfieldprofile•  Reducestheamountofpeakchargecollected•  DistortscollectedsignalbasedonwhereincidentparGclestrikes->Thin,squaregeometryelectrodesandhighresisGvitybulkforuniformelectricfieldprofile->Highfieldformaximaldriovelocity->lowcapacitancetominimizenoise->smallvolumestominimizeleakagecurrentandShotnoiseAnswer:CMOSMonolithicAcGvePixelSensors(MAPS)•  ReduceeffecGvecapacitance->noise•  Provideon-pixelamplificaGon->toleratelowerchargeamplitude->cangothinner

HVCMOS MAPS

12July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

HVCMOSMAPS(highvoltagecomplimentarymetaloxidesemiconductormonolithicacGvepixelsensor)• Lessexpensivebyx2thantradiGonalsiliconsensors• Integratedsensor+signalamplificaGon• UsecommerciallyavailableCMOSprocessingwithafewmodificaGons• Deepn-welltoisolateon-pixelelectronics• highresisGvitysubstratesforhighvoltagewithoutbreakdown

• Timingiscurrently~1ns• ApplygainlayerinHVCMOStoachieve10ps*ming?->neverdonebefore• inves*gatethepossibilitywithsimula*ons• CanuselessonslearnedfromLGAD

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

13July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

4DSiliconTrackingDetectorDesignTargets

Tracker EMcalorimeter Bestachieved

Pixelsize 20-50μm 1cm ✔

TimeresoluGon 10ps 10-30ps 50ps

RadiaGontolerance(Neq/cm2) 1x1015(?) 1x1014 1x1014

Monolithicdesign yes yes no

o  TargetvaluestobeconfirmedwithsimulaGonsincludedinthisproposal

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

14July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

ProposedWork:Year1SimulaGonintensive1)  Detectorsimula<ons•  VerifytargetrequirementsforGming,pixelsize,radiaGondose•  InvesGgateGmingimpactsonphysicsperformance•  UsethesoowareframeworkfortheSiDdetector•  SergeiChekanov@ANLisanexpertandwillsupervisestudent/postdoc•  Submi`edseparateproposalfor(complimentary)simulaGonwork

•  BenefitsofGming•  VertexreconstrucGon•  TrackreconstrucGon•  ParGcleID•  AsanEMcalorimeter•  Inaforwarddetector

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

15July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Proposedwork:Year12)SensorSimula<on•  SimulatetheLGADsensorusingSylvacoTCADand/orWeightField2.0(currentsooware

usedforLGADsimulaGons)•  Customgeometries•  Specifydifferentmaterials,non-uniformiGes•  radiaGoneffects•  ResponseofanincidentparGcle•  DriocurrentgeneraGon•  Diffusioncurrent

•  ResponsetoradiaGondamage•  Electronics->keytoincorporateMAPSdesign

•  ExperGseatArgonneintheAPSdivision•  AgreedtoshareknowledgeandSylvacolicense

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

16July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Proposedwork:Year13)SensorDesign•  IdenGfychallengesandmethodstoimplementaMAPSdesign•  EstablishcollaboraGonwithadesigner,TBD•  IdenGfyfabricaGonsitethatmaybeabletoimplementtheparametersweneed•  CMOSprocess•  HighresisGvitysubstrate•  Dopingforthegainlayer

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

17July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Proposedwork:Year13)LGADSensorTes<ng•  CollaboratewithUCSantaCruztolearntotesttheirdevices•  SetupDAQchain,mostlikelySAMPIX•  ParGcipateintestbeams(travelfunds)•  ProbestaGonmeasurements•  IV,CV

•  Laserand/orradioacGvesourcemeasurementstoinducesignalcharge•  ChargecollecGonefficiency•  TransientCurrentTechniqueforesGmaGngtheeffecGvedopingconcentraGon

•  Year1and2:Establishproceduresformicroscopicanalysis•  LeverageexperienceinMaterialScience(andNanoTechnologydivisions)•  Scanninglasermicroscopy•  Spectroscopictechniques•  EffecGvedopingconcentraGon,typesofdefects,trappingcenters,resisGvity,

mobility,etc.

•  SupporttointegrateLGADtoteststandandforMSDexperGseiswrappedintotheelectricalengineer(EE)andmechanicalengineer(ME)supportat~5weekseach

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

18July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

PlanSummary:

PI postdocgrad

student EE MESensordesigner

TCADexpert

SimulaGonexpert

Materialexpert

Year1

DetectorSimulaGonevaluatetheimpactof4Ddetectoronphysicsperformanceusingfast/fullsimulaGon ✔ ✔ ✔

definetargetGmingresoluGon ✔ ✔ ✔ 4DSensorSimulaGon TCADsimulaGonofmonolithicLGADdevice ✔ ✔   ✔

4DSensorDesigndesign4DsensorconceptfortargetGmingresoluGon(expected10-30ps) ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

4DSensorTesGng developlaboratoryteststand ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔   ✔

gainexperiencewithexisGngLGADdevices ✔ ✔ ✔       Year2 4DSensorDesign implementdesignconcepttotargetGming ✔ ✔ ✔ 4DSensorFabricaGonjoinmulG-projectwaferrunforproducGon ✔ ✔ ✔ 4DSensorTesGng laboratoryteststandcharacterizaGonmeasurements ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔   ✔

Year3 4DSensorTesGng irradiateandtest4Dsensorsamples ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ performtestbeammeasurementswiththe4Dsensors ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

4DBenchmarksassesspotenGalofthetechnologytomeetdesigntargetsforEIC ✔ ✔ ✔

definemaintechnologicalchallenges ✔ ✔ ✔ proposesoluGons ✔ ✔ ✔ 4DSensorDesign(OpGonal) implementsoluGonsinnewdesign ✔ ✔

Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

19July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Budget•  Allitemsrepresentfullyloadedcost

Cost($k):Year1 Year2 Year3

postdoc(50%) 65 65 65graduatestudent 20 20 20electricalengineer 20 10 10mechanicalengineer 20 10 10sensordesign 10 50 mulG-projectwaferrun 50materialsandsupplies 20 10 20travel 5 5 15TOTAL 160 220 140

4D: Fast Timing Silicon Detectors

20July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Summary:•  4Ddetectorsareanovel,butgrowing,areainsilicondetectors•  AmbiGousprogramtousefastGmingsilicondetectorsintheEIC•  NowistheGmetoexploretechnologicaladvances

•  ProposalaimstodeterminewhetherUltraFastSiliconDetectorsareworthinvesGnginfortheEIC•  ClearlyidenGfydesigntargets•  EstablishthephysicsbenefitfromGminginfo•  SimulatecurrentLGADsensors•  DrawaroadmaptowardUltraFastSiliconMAPS

4D Silicon

21July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

ThankYou

Timing for Vertexing

22July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

Timingprecision•  VertexidenGficaGoninforwardregionswithGmingispossible•  TimeofflighttodetectortoidenGfyvertex

•  Exampleforadetectorat3.5minzfromIP

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

<me(ps)

y(m)

TimingPrecision

10mm

5mm

1mm

=>Timingontheorderof10psforpar<cleID,vertexing,andtracking

4D Silicon

23July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

FromRikYoshida’stalkyesterday

4D Silicon

24July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

ElectricField

depth

p+strips

n+layer

n-typebulk

AcGveregion

TraversingParGcle

Holedrio

Electrondrio

~300μm

V-

-- -----+ -

++ +++++

ReminderofSiliconDetectorOpera<on:

• Diodewithp-njuncGon• Applybiasvoltagetocreatearegionofstablespacechargeandlinearelectricfield

• thisregionisthedepleGonregionoracGveareaofthesensor• MIPparGclecreateselectronholepairs

• driotostripimplantsandbackplane• signalisreadoutbyFront-Endelectronics

4D Silicon

25July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

NicoloCarGgliaCERNEPDetectorSeminar9/26/2014

4D Silicon

26July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

HowdoweachievefastGmingontheorderof10ps?•  CurrenttradiGonalsilicontechnologieshaveriseGme~1-10nsdeterminedbythedrio

velocityinanelectricfield•  Fasterspeedsachievedbyreducingthelengthe-hpairstravel->ThinSensors•  Createanavalancheregion

NicoloCarGgliaCERNEPDetectorSeminar9/26/2014

4D Silicon

27July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

4D Silicon

28July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe

MSD: Scanning Laser Microscopy

29July7,2016 JessicaMetcalfe