Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test

1. Which alliance is shown by the dark shaded area of the map?(US.59)

a. A democratic economic union b. A fascist political organization c. A capitalist free-trade agreement d. A communist mutual defense pact

Use the list below for question #2

- Frnace- The United Kingdom- The United States - Italy - Belgium

2. After World War II, these countries joined together to create (US.59)a. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization c. The Warsaw Pactb. The European Union d. The Atlantic Charter

3. How did the Marshall plan reflect a growing interest in containment of communism after World War II? (US.60)a. By encouraging disarmament in regions threatened with instability.b. By creating a system of military alliances to promote regional stabilityc. By improving the military capabilities of nations threatened by regime changed. by providing economic assistance to promote democratic ideals

4. In this excerpt, President Eisenhower is expressing concern about - (US.60)

a. A trade imbalance in Asia b. the spread of communism in Asiac. The educational opportunities available in Asiad. d. an environmental disaster in Asia

The map below shows the international division that became solidified after the Cold War conflict.

5. Which issue divided people on the two sides of the peninsula divided by the 38th parallel? (US.62)

a. They had different ethnic heritages and religious beliefs. b. They belonged to opposing alliances during WWII.c. They had different economic systems and political beliefs. d. They belonged to opposing factions within the United Nations.

6. What role did China play in the Korean War? (US.62) a. Launching an attack against the United Nations troops in North Koreab. Negotiating a ceasefire with South Koreac. Expressing support for a unified democratic nation d. Providing military support for United Nations troops.

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test

The list below includes names of individuals who affected the social climate in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s.

- Alger Hiss- Senator Joseph McCarthy - Ethel and Julius Rosenberg- J. Edgar Hoover

7. What do all of these people have in common? (US.61)a. Their actions were examples of the corruption and greed that came to define the early years of the Cold War. b. Their actions were examples of the selflessness and resilience that came to define the later years of World War IIc. Their actions contributed to the atmosphere of fear and suspicion that came to define the early years of the Cold

War.d. Their actions contributed to the atmosphere of optimism and patriotism that came to define the later years of World

War II.

8. How did this declaration reflect the reaction of many Americans to Senator Joseph McCarthy? (US.61)

a. By accusing McCarthy of being a Communist leader

b. By disapproving of McCarthy’s accusation about Communist in the U.S. government

c. By criticizing the deployment of troops to fight Communist in Korea.

d. By objecting to the removal of General Douglas MacArthur from Communist Korea.

9. The Arms Race of the Cold War led to Americans (US.64)a. Building fallout shelters to survive a nuclear attack b. Promote nuclear proliferation in hopes of winning the Cold War c. Raiding the homes of suspected communist d. Interviewing suspected communists through HUAC

Use the document from the White House Office of the Staff Research Group, 1957 to answer questions 10 – 11.

10. How did the U.S. government respond to the event described in this source? (US.64)

a. By demanding a treaty in order to ease tensions with European nations

b. By calling for a military confrontation with the Soviet Union

c. By advocating for scientific cooperation with the Soviet Union

d. By focusing resources on scientific study at education institutions in the United States

11. The event referenced in the document entered the United States and the Soviet Union into a new competition. What was that competition? (US.69)

a. Cold War c. Containment b. Race to Space d. Proxy War

12. President John F. Kennedy supported the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba as an effort to (US.65)a. remove a communist dictator from powerb. stop the flow of illegal drugs to the United Statesc. support Fidel Castro’s efforts for reform

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test d. rescue hostages held by Cuban freedom fighters

The photograph below shows a satellite image taken over Cuba, and the excerpt is from a message sent by President John F. Kennedy to Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.

13. How did the information shown in the photograph and the events that followed this discovery influence the position expressed in the excerpt? (US.65)

a. The treat of nuclear war had provided Kennedy with an incentive to improve relations with the Soviet Union.b. The success at the Bay of Pigs had provided Kennedy with bargaining power against the Soviet Union.c. The removal of warheads in Turkey had made Kennedy willing to cooperate with the Soviet Union.d. The revolution in nearby regions had made Kennedy appear weak in the eyes of the Soviet Union.

14. What was a direct consequence of the Tet Offensive? (US.66)a. The North Vietnamese faced internal criticism for expanding the war.b. The United States lost support for a war that man considered unwinnable.c. The North Vietnamese developed new war strategies more suited to the terrain. d. The United States granted war powers to the executive branch during the conflict.

15. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution increased the power of the executive branch by — (US.66)a. allowing the president to use military force without a declaration of war by Congress b. authorizing the president to choose the Senate Majority Leader c. allowing the president to introduce bills to Congress d. expanding the president’s right to executive privilege

16. The cartoon was primarily a response to the (US.68) a. Increasing popularity of isolationism among United States policy

makers

Mr. Chairman, both of our countries have great unfinished tasks and I know that your people as well as those of the United States can ask for nothing better than to pursue them free from the fear of war . . .

I agree with you that we must devote urgent attention to the problem of disbarment, as it relates to the whole world and also to critical areas.

- John F. Kennedy, October 28, 1962

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test b. Ongoing controversy over the appropriate use of executive branch authority in conducting foreign policy c. Expanding opposition to the Korean War d. Growing debate over the Vietnam War

17. Which of the following was the most influential in turning the American public opinion against the Vietnam War? (US.68)a. Protests organized by Students for a Democratic Society.b. Military Defeats.c. Violent police responses to antiwar speeches.d. Media coverage of the war.

18. As part of the Nixon administration’s policy of Vietnamization, the U.S. military — (US.67)a. trained South Vietnamese forces to take over combat responsibilities from U.S. troopsb. shared military technology with North Vietnamc. imposed martial law in North Vietnam d. installed a puppet government in South

Vietnam

19. How did the United States respond to the events described by President Johnson? (US.67)

a. By declaring war against the Soviet Unionb. By using appeasement to avoid warc. By returning to a policy of isolationism d. By increasing military involvement in

Southeast Asia

20. The changes described in this list (to the left) contributed most directly to (US.71)

a. a decline in home ownership ratesb. a decrease in federal employment opportunitiesc. a rise in the number of business failures d. d. an increase in consumer spending

21. Which of the following is a correct statement about the college-level education in the 20th century United States? (US.71) a. State universities increased scholarship aid during the Depression b. Private universities raised admission standards during the 1940s c. The G.I. Bill financed the education of male students during the post-WWII erad. The “baby-boomers” finished college in large numbers in the 1950s.

22. The 1950s picture to the right shows what some social critics believed to be (US.74)

a. The cause of decreased agricultural production b. Tangible evidence of the strength of the nation’s largest cities c. A representation of the conformity of postwar cultured. The end of social and economic differentiation in housing

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test 23. Demand for these types of goods expanded after World War

II as a result of (US.72)a. Reduced rural migration to urban centers.b. Fewer immigration restrictions c. Increased birthrated. Expanded savings due to uncertainty.

24. What was a result of the development of the interstate highway system? (US.73) a. increased travel and tourism b. decreased employment in transportationb. decreased commerce between states c. increased diversity in business ownership

25. Which statement explains the change in the number of polio cases reported in the United States? (US.73)

a. A media campaign informed people about how to avoid contracting polio.b. Advancements in medicine led to the development of a polio vaccinec. The government enforced travel restrictions to prevent the spread of poliod. Quarantines of polio patients were implemented throughout the country

This source is about the Presidential debates in 1960.

26. Based on the source and your content knowledge, what does Kennedy’s statement reveal about how politics changed in the early 1960s? (US.75)

a. Media commentators became more effective in swaying public opinion.b. Advances in media made appearance and personality increasingly important.c. The media focus on experience and qualifications increasingly influenced viewers. d. The changes in media formats allowed candidates to reach much larger audiences.

27. Stax Records became important to the emergence of youth culture during the 1960s by (US.76) a. Marketing the music of Elvis Presley c. Popularizing rhythm and blues b. Featuring foreign recording stars d. Broadcasting the Grand Ole Opry

28. This photograph demonstrates how the introduction of television affected (US.75)

a. The role of women outside the household b. The dynamics of family interaction c. Food choices for holidays d. Financial decision for the household

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test

29. The information in this chart is a reflection of the (US.76)

a. Beginning of advertising jingles b. Founding of a classical recording

studio c. Popularity of military music d. Emergence of a new youth culture

30. What was President John F. Kennedy’s primary goal in establishing the Peace Corps? (US.77)a. Volunteers would prevent hunger by assisting with harvest abroad. b. Young adults would promote U.S. values by serving in under developed countries around the world.c. Volunteers would promote education by teaching in rural U.S. schoolsd. Military personnel would prevent wars by serving in dangerous regions.

31. How did the political philosophy of fascism contribute to the results shown on the timeline? (US.45)

a. By glorifying military achievementsb. by encouraging communal ownershipc. By encouraging international revolution d. by glorifying domestic accomplishments

Use the quote below for question 32. “But the most interesting — although horrible — sight that I encountered during the trip was a visit to a German internment camp. . . . The things I saw beggar [were beyond] description. . . . The visual evidence and the verbal testimony of starvation, cruelty... were so overpowering as to leave me a bit sick....I made the visit deliberately, in order to be in position to give first-hand evidence of these things if ever, in the future, there develops a tendency to charge these allegations merely to ‘propaganda.’”

-General Dwight D. Eisenhower, letter to General George C. Marshall, 1945

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test 32. Based on the source, why did General Eisenhower choose to witness the Nazi concentration camps? (US.47)

a. To guarantee free expression in Germany c. to prevent anti-Semitism in the U.S.b. To ensure the Nuremberg Trials were held in Germany d. to preserve accurate accounts of the Holocaust

The Map is of Europe during WWII. 33. Which country was a member of the Axis Powers? (US.50)

a. Country 1 c. country 2b. Country 3 d. country 4

34.

Which conclusion about African-American migration is best supported by the data on the graph? (US. 53)a. Movement to northern locations increased after World War II.b. Agricultural jobs provided economic equality during the 1960s.c. Opportunity for social equality was greatest during the Great Depression.d. Jobs in war production provided incentive for movement during the 1940s.

35. Which statement describes the 442nd Regimental Combat Team during World War II? (US.51)a. They defended Allied bombers despite being segregated by the U.S. military. b. They successfully decoded Axis messages despite being segregated by the U.S. military. c. They scouted Axis locations despite relatives being sent to U.S. internment camps. d. They successfully contributed to Allied invasions despite relatives being sent to U.S. internment camps

36. A major result of the ideals set forth in the Atlantic Charter led to (US.46)a. the rebuilding of the United Kingdom. C. the formation of the Warsaw Pact.b. the establishment of an Israeli nation. D. the organization of the United Nations.

37. Which statement best explains the domestic effect of WWII illustrated by this 1942 poster (to the left)? (US.55)

a. Contributing to the war effort often required women to drive truck routes.b. Conserving essential war commodities required individual sacrifices c. Purchasing government bonds became more important than purchasing consumer

goods.d. Growing victory gardens allowed women to exchange ration stamps for fuel.

38. Which event made Oak Ridge, TN significant to the war effort in the 1940s? (US.56)a. Development of the Manhattan Project c. establishment of the TVAb. Internment of Japanese Americans d. expansion of the U.S. national

parks

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test 39. Which actions prompted the United States to officially enter World War II? (US.48)

a. The German use of blitzkrieg tactics on Europe c. German unrestricted submarine warfare tacticsb. Japanese military action in Indochina d. The Japanese bombing of a U.S. military base

40. How did cattle ranching worsen the effects of the drought in the Great Plains during the 1930s? (US.40)a. Home-construction techniques used by ranchers weakened the root system of the region. b. Railroad construction encouraged by ranchers altered the landscape of the region. c. Open-range movement by cattle destroyed crops in the regiond. Overgrazing by cattle reduced the ground covering in the region.

41. Which statement best describes how investment in the stock market during the mid-to-late 1920s contributed to the Great Depression? (US.39)

a. People were unable to repay the loans used to purchase stocks. b. Government taxes on stock transactions made it difficult to repay investors. c. Financial institutions were not required to report earnings to stock investors. d. Foreign countries were not required to immediately pay stockholder earnings

42. During the 1930s President Hoover authorized the construction of the Hoover Dam. What is this an example of? (US.42)a. Reconstruction Finance Corporation c. Rugged Individualism b. Public Works Projects d. New Deal

43. Which New Deal program still in existence today provides insurance on money in banks? (US.43)a. Social Security Administration c. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporationb. Securities and Exchange Commission d. Farm Credit Administration

44. President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed an increase in the number of Supreme Court justices because the Court ruled against - (US.44)

a. The gold standard c. some New Deal programs b. Internment camps d. some rationing programs

45. Based on this source, the widespread popularity of radio contributed to which change in American culture? (US.38) a. A decrease in knowledge of national events c. an increase in American consumerism b. A decrease in American school attendance d. an increase in newspaper circulation

46. Which was one factor that led to the ratification of the 21st Amendment in 1933? (US. 37) a. The growing legalization of alcohol by local governments b. An increase in alcohol use among certain groupsc. A surge in crime associated with alcohol sales d. The rising cost making alcohol purchases

47. Which statement best explains how the application of electricity in the early 1900s affected the development of the U.S. economy? (US. 31)

a. Long-distance travel became more expensive. c. Manufacturing processes became more efficient.

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test b. College education became more accessible. d. Household appliances became more costly.

48. Which of the following was not a result of the first red scare? (US.35) a. Resurgence of the Klu Klux Klan c. Palmer Raids b. Immigration Quota Acts d. House of Un-American Activities Committee

49. The public became aware of artist such as Bessie Smith as a result of the (US.30)a. Development of African American musical recordings c. founding of African-American newspapersb. Employment of African American actors in movies d. Popularity of African American poetry

50. In what way was Alvin C. York influential in World War I? (US.25)a. He inspired other to oppose the conflict. c. he motivated others with his example of heroismb. He inspired others with his military strategy. d. he motivated others to oppose new weapon technology

51. Why did the U.S. Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles after World War I? (US.27)a. The Senate would not support America’s participation in the League of Nations. b. The Senate believed the treaty did not punish Germany enough.c. The Senate thought the treaty did not have the power to prevent secret alliances. d. The Senate could not agree on military disarmament levels.

52. This cartoon comments on tactics used to — (US.22)a. secure the southern border of California c. create a defensive

alliance with Franceb. protect shipping lanes in the Great Lakes d. obtain control of the

Panama Canal Zone

53. How did the events affect the United States? (US.21)a. They increased public support for cuts in U.S. defense spending.b. They prompted the end of Dollar Diplomacy in Latin America.c. They set a precedent of including territorial acquisitions in settlement.d. They helped establish the United States as an imperial power similar to European nations.

54. Which phrase describes a major goal of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913? (US.17)a. To provide stability for the national economy by creating a central banking system b. To raise money for wartime needs by selling government bonds c. To give incentives for U.S. entrepreneurs by offering low-interest loansd. To encourage competition in U.S. industry by breaking up corporate trusts

The list to the right summarizes President Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program.

55. Based on this summary, which belief was the foundation of this program? (US.16)a. At times, the government needs to fund private industry to stimulate the creation

of jobs. b. At times, the government needs to regulate private industry to protect the

common good. c. At times, the government needs to regulate public works projects to protect the property of citizens.

- Consumer Protection

- Conservation- Conrol of

Corporations

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test d. At times, the federal government needs to fund public works projects to expand the national infrastructure.

56. During the late 1800s, which action did Congress take to regulate the business practices of companies such as Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel? (US.12)

a. Proposal of the 16th Amendment c. Adoption of the Gentleman’s Agreementb. Passage of the Sherman Anti-trust Act d. Establishment of the Federal Reserve System

57. How did Jacob Riis and Jane Addams affect the lives of immigrants during the early 20th century? (US.07)a. One exposed the crimes immigrants committed while the other tried to keep immigrants from being imprisoned. b. One exposed the illnesses immigrants carried while the other tried to provide clean living conditions and proper

health care to immigrants. c. One exposed the poor working conditions experienced by immigrants while the other tried to find jobs for

immigrants in exchange for political support. d. One exposed the poor living conditions experienced by immigrants while the other tried to provide social and

educational opportunities to immigrants.

58. Which of the following cities was not a major urban industrial center? (US. 06) a. Boston c. New York City b. Kansas City d. San Francisco

The graphic organizer below describes a development in the United States after the Civil War.

59. Which economic action resulted from these events? (US.10) a. Several states passed laws regulating railroad pricing.b. Grangers protested railroad practices by going on strike. c. Several states limited the expansion of new railroad lines. d. Grangers offered better prices by building their own railroads

These photographs are of the same student at Carlisle Indian School during the late nineteenth century.

60. Which word best explains the changes shown in these photographs? (US.02)

a. Immigration c. Nullificationb. Assimilation d. Nativism

61. How did the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad contribute to the settlement of the West? (US.01)

a. By providing people with access to essential goods b. By raising money to build factories along the routes c. By giving funds to local leaders to build schools d. By establishing military forts along the routes

Match the following court cases to the correct rulings. (US. 54, 36, 26, 03)

62. Plessy v. Ferguson a. Established the Clear and Present Danger clause 63. Scopes Trial b. U.S. government has the legal authority to detain potential enemies of the state64. Korematsu v. United States c. Separate but Equal until 1954 when it was overturned

Cold War and 1950s Culture Unit Test 65. Schenck v. United States d. Ultimately, was an argument between modernity and traditionalist in society

Match the appropriate person with their associated historical movement. (US. 04, 05, 11, 14, 18)

66. Eugene Debs a. Progressive Movement 67. Nikola Tesla b. Labor Union Movement 68. Boss Tweed c. Women’s Suffrage 69. Ida Tarbell d. Gilded Age70. Alice Paul e. Industrial Revolution

Match the appropriate early Civil Rights leaders with their philosophy and contributions. (US. 03, 09, 35)

71. Pap Singleton a. co-founder of the NAACP, “Talented Tenth”, traditional education 72. W.E.B. DuBois b. UNIA, Back to Africa Movement 73. Booker T. Washington c. Exoduster, purchased land through Homestead Act to start new settlements74. Marcus Garvey d. Tuskegee Institution, Slow integration, vocational education