4G Mobile Broadband – LTE - KTH · PDF file4G Mobile Broadband – LTE Part III. ......

Dr Stefan ParkvallPrincipal ResearcherEricson Research

4G Mobile Broadband – LTEPart III

Public | © Ericsson AB 2012 | 2012-04-23 | Page 2

Recap

› Fundamental principle – adapt to and exploit variations in…

…radio channel quality …traffic pattern

› LTE - some building blocks

FDD and TDDBandwidth flexibility

data1data2data3data4

Scheduling Hybrid ARQOFDM Multi-antenna

› Evolution continues


Outline

I. Basic principles– Channel and traffic behavior– Link adapation, scheduling, hybrid-ARQ– Evolving 3G, inclusion of basic principles in WCDMA

II. LTE– First step into 4G– Path towards IMT-Advanced

III. Standardization– How are HSPA and LTE created?– 3GPP, ITU, ...

Series of three seminars

StandardizationWhy, what, where, how?


Why standardization?

› From Wikipedia– Standardization is the process of agreeing on technical standards– A standard is a document that establishes uniform engineering or technical

specifications, criteria, methods, processes, or practices. – Standards can be

› de facto standards – informal convention or dominant usage› de jure – legally binding contracts, laws or regulations› voluntary – published and available to consider for use

– The goals of standardization can be to help with independence of single suppliers (commodification), compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality.

› Interoperability – e.g. Nokia phone in Ericsson network› Creates mass market! Economy of scale!


What is standardized?

Terminal

Internet PSTN

Radio control/aggregator node

Base station

User PlaneGateways

ControlNodesCN

RAN

Services

› Logical architecture› Protocol on interfaces› Radio transmitters (RF aspects)

– required by regulations/law› Behavior required to fulfill functionality

– Terminals standardized according to ”master-slave principle”

Standardized – ensures interoperability

› Physical implementation› Algorithms

– Scheduler, handover, admission, ...– Receiver algorithms – sufficient to fulfill requirements

Not standardized – vendor differentiation


Where – Some Standardization Fora› Standard Developing Organizations

– Non-profit industrial organizations– Develops technical standards– Global/Regional/National

› Regulatory bodies– Governmental organizations– Spectrum usage, frequency management– Placing products on the market

› Industry fora– Promoting and lobbying for specific technologies


Where – Some Standardization Fora

› 3GPP– Core Network and Radio Access Network for WCDMA/HSPA, LTE,

GSM/GPRS/EDGE

› 3GPP2– Standardization of IS-95, cdma2000/HRPD

› IEEE– Large variety of stds, e.g. 802.11 (WiFi) and 802.16 (WiMAX)

› WiMAX Forum– Promote conformance and interoperability of 802.16 standards

› IETF– Develops/promotes internet standards (IP, TCP, FTP, ROHC, …)

› ITU– International radio and telecommunications standards, allocation of spectrum.

Part of UN.


Where in the network?

› IETF– Internet services/protocols end-to-end with the

terminal (e.g. IP, TCP, ROHC)– Transport protocols/functions in the CN (IP, MIP)

› 3GPP, 3GPP2– Architecture, functions, protocols for the

complete Radio Access and Core Network

› IEEE– Architecture, functions, protocols for Radio

Access Network

› ITU– Spectrum, radio regulations

Terminal

Internet PSTN

Radio control/aggregator node

Base station

User PlaneGateways

ControlNodesCN

RAN

Services


Standardization Process

Requirements

Architecture

Detailed specifications

Testing and verification

› Stage 1– Requirements, no detailed solutions

› Stage 2– Logical architecture, functional split, interfaces, protocol

architecture, overall solutions

› Stage 3– All details, e.g., header formats, exact coding scheme,

values in requirements, ...

› Test– Snapshots with test cases from standard to ensure

proper operation

Certification


ITU

› United Nations agency for information and communication technologies

› Founded 1865– Second oldest international organization still in operation

› Main tasks– Standardization– Allocation of radio spectrum– Organizing interconnection arrangements to allow international phone calls


ITU Sectors

› ITU-R– Management of radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits

› fixed, mobile, broadcasting, amateur, meteorology, global positioning, systems, environmental monitoring, services that ensure safety of life

› ITU-T– International standards covering all fields of telecommunications

› IP interworking, network aspects of mobility, network access technologies (xDSL), optical networking, technologies, service quality measurements and models

› ITU-D – development– responsible for creating policies, regulation and providing training programs

and financial strategies in developing countries


ITU-R

› Radio regulations– allocation of different frequency bands

› WRC -93, -95, -97, -00, -03, -07, ...– mandatory technical parameters to be observed

› Reports

› Recommendations– Approves standards fulfilling the ITU requirements

› Specifications developed outside ITU (e.g. in 3GPP)– Examples of ITU-R families of standards

› IMT-2000› IMT-Advanced


IMT Radio Interfaces

ITU-R Family of IMT-2000 terrestrial Radio Interfaces

(ITU-R M.1457)

IMT-2000CDMA TDD

(UTRA TDD andE-UTRA TDD)

3GPP

IMT-2000CDMA Multi-Carrier(CDMA2000 and

UMB)

3GPP2

IMT-2000CDMA Direct Spread

(UTRA FDD and E-UTRA FDD)

3GPP

IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN

(WiMAX)

IEEE

IMT-2000FDMA/TDMA

(DECT)

ETSI

IMT-2000TDMA Single-Carrier

(UWC 136)

ATIS/TIA

IMT-Advanced terrestrial Radio Interfaces(ITU-R M.[IMT.RSPEC])

WirelessMAN-Advanced(WiMAX/

IEEE 802.16m)

IEEE

LTE-Advanced(E-UTRA/

Release 10)

3GPP


IMT Spectrum20251710

19801785 18801805

2110 2200

2110 2170

26902500

2500 2570 2620 26901710

2300 2400

Generalbands

Regional bands

Local bands

Band 3 Band 1 Band 7

Band 2

Band 4Band 10

19101850 19901930

15251427

IMT IMT IMTITU: IMTMobile

Band 11 & 21 (Japan) Band 9 (Japan)

Band 39 (China)

Band 36Band 35(Band 37)

1427,91452,91475,91500,9

1844,91879,9

1920

1749,91784,9

1880

19101850 199019301710

17551770

2110

21552170

19001920

20102025

Band 33Band 34

Band 40

Band 38

Band 41

2496 2690


IMT Spectrum960698

IMT

General bands

Local bands

824 849 869 894

830 845 885875

880 915 925 960

698

716

728

746756758768777787788798

Band 8

Band 5Band 12Band 13

Band 14

Band 18 &19 (Japan)

ITU:

Band 17

815 860

791 821 832 862

Band 20

Regional bands


3GPP Organizational Partners

CCSACCSA

TTATTAARIBARIB

TTCTTC

ETSIETSI

ATISATIS


3GPP OrganizationPCG

Project Coordination Group

TSG RAN

RAN WG1Radio L1

RAN WG2L2/L3

RAN WG3NW protocols

RAN WG4Core, Perf req.

RAN WG5MT conf. testing

WCDMA/HSPAand LTE

TSG GERAN

GERAN1Radio

GERAN2Protocol

GERAN3Testing

GSM/GPRS

TSG SA

SA1Services

SA2Architecture

SA3Security

SA4Codec

SA5Telecom Mgmt.

ServicesOverall System

TSG CT

CT1MM/CC/SM

CT3Interworking

External NWs

CT4MAP/GTP/BCH/SS

CT5Open Service Access

CT6Smart Card Apl.

Core Network


Standardization – a Flying Circus?

› RAN1 meetings held ~8 times a year– Meetings run from Monday to Friday– Held in various countries in Europe, North America, and Asia

› Meeting schedule 2007– January 15-19, Sorrento, Italy– February 12-16, St Louis, USA– March 26-30, St Juliens, Malta– April 17-20, Beijing, China– May 7-11, Kobe, Japan– June 25-29, Orlando, USA– August 20-24, Athens, Greece– October 8-12, Shanghai, China– November 5-9, Seoul Korea


Typical RAN1 Meeting

› Approx 250 delegates attending and ~800 documents submitted...Number of Contributions per Agenda Item

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

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3GPP Releases

R99 Rel4 Rel5 Rel6 Rel7 Rel8

LTELTE

HSPAHSPAWCDMAWCDMA HSPA evolutionHSPA evolutionHSDPAHSDPA

› HSPA evolution– Gradually improved performance at a low additional cost

in (multiples of) 5MHz spectrum allocation

› LTE– Significantly improved performance in a wide range of spectrum allocations

Rel10

1999 2002 2005 2007 2008

Rel9 Rel11

LTELTE--AA


› Contribution driven

› Decision by consensus– Coffee-breaks important part of meetings (off-line)

› Good relations important– Social relations across cultural borders– Mutual respect and co-operation

› One week meetings Long meeting days

Standardization in Practice

Summary


Summary – Basic Principles

› Adapt to and exploit…– variations in radio channel quality– variations in the traffic pattern

…instead of combating them!

› Traffic pattern is time varying

› Radio-channel quality is time varying


Summary – Basic Principles

› Shared channel transmission

› Channel-dependent scheduling

› Rate control

› Hybrid-ARQ with soft combining


Summary – HSPA

Multi-antenna support

Hybrid ARQ

Channel-dependent schedulingShared channel transmission

f5 MHz

10 MHz5 MHz

Multi-carrier transmission

Rate control

› Packet-data add-on to WCDMA› First version ~2002, still evolving

HSPA (“Turbo-3G”)


Summary – LTE

FDD and TDD support

Bandwidth flexibility

ICIC

Multi-antenna support


Channel-dependent scheduling

Hybrid ARQ

IFFT

Transmission schemeDL OFDM, UL DFTS-OFDM

adapt to and exploit variations in…

…radio channel quality

…traffic pattern

Fundamental principle:


Summary – LTE


Dual-stream Beamforming

LTE Rel-9

MBSFN

LTE Rel-8Positioning

N

S

WE


Summary – LTE

data1data2data3data4LTE Rel-8

MIMO extensionsUp to 4x4 UL and 8x8 DL

Carrier Aggregation

RelayingEnhanced HetNet support

LTE Rel-9

LTE Rel-10

N

S

WE


Summary – Standardization

› Interfaces and protocols standardized– Implementation is not

› 3GPP– Standardization of radio-access and core network for

the major mobile technologies

› ITU– Radio regulations, spectrum allocations


For Further information…

Available in English, Chinese, Korean and Japanese.

...or read The Book!

Open the 3GPP specifications...

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