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Photo courtesy of the White House, Pete Souza

“This country needs an all-out, all-of-the-above strategy that develops every available source of American energy. A strategy that’s cleaner, cheaper, and full of new jobs.”

President Barack Obama State of the Union Address

January 24, 2012

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2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Integrated Coal Program Technology Roadmap

Cross-cutting Research

Materials, sensors, controls & computational tools – a continuum of supporting science & crosscutting technology

CCUS Demonstration (Combustion, Gasification, Industrial)

CCUS R&D & Computational Analysis

Large Scale CO2 Injection Post Injection MVA

Integrated 1st

Generation Technology (SOTA CO2 70-90 $/tonne)

1st Generation

2nd Generation

Transformational Technology

Design Construction Operation

Design Construction Operation

Design Construction Operation

Commercial Deployment

Commercial Deployment

Commercial Deployment

CCUS 2nd Generation Component Technology – ready for Demonstration

(CO2 30-50 $/tonne)

CCUS Transformational Technology – ready for

Demonstration (CO2 <25 $/tonne)

Storage Best Practice Manuals and Protocols available to facilitate wide scale

deployment

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Ready for Demonstration

1st Generation physical solvents (CCPI)

1st Generation chemical solvents (CCPI)

Adv. CO2 compression

Amine solvents

Physical solvents

Cryogenic oxygen

Chemical looping

2nd Gen. Oxyboiler

Biological processes

Solid Sorbents

Cost

Red

ucti

on B

enef

it

2nd Gen. Solvents

H2 and CO2 Membranes

Oxygen Membranes

Post-combustion (existing, new PC) Pre-combustion (IGCC) Oxy-combustion (new PC) CO2 compression (all)

2020 2015 2010

Advanced 2nd Generation CCS and Transformational Capture Technologies

Lower Cost, Higher Efficiency

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Energy Security Environmental Impacts Competitiveness

Share of Reserves Held by NOC/IOC

Monthly Spot Price OK WTI Global Lithium-ion Battery Manufacturing (2009)

Worldwide Shipments of Solar Photovoltaics (MW)

Water Withdrawals in % By Category (2005)

11 1

31

1 2 4 1

49

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100 120 140 160

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CO2 Emissions in OECD vs. non-OECD Countries

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Building and Industrial Efficiency Data collection and usage Integrated systems analyses Next-gen processes and products

Grid Modernization Communication and data Management and control Energy storage

Clean (Low-Carbon) Power Drive down costs Improve Plant Efficiency o Advanced Materials o Sensors and Controls Coupling between energy and water use

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Transform Our Energy Systems

•Cost-competitive carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology

•Advanced modeling and simulation to reduce upfront cost, risk of CCUS

•Increased efficiency for cleaner use of coal.

•Safe and sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas resources

•International partnerships for clean energy deployment

Science & Engineering Enterprise

• Under graduate, graduate and post-graduate research and internship support

Secure Our Nation •Technology innovation allowing

fossil fuels to continue to be part of a diversified, low-carbon energy portfolio

•Strategic Petroleum Reserve and Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve at full readiness

Management & Operational Excellence •FE-wide business review

assessment for mission success

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2009 - Strong likelihood of cap-and-

trade legislation. - EOR applications seen as niche

opportunity to offset some cost; - Oil $50 - $60/barrel; - CCS storage focus with CO2 tax

support. Goal by 2020: + 35% LCOE

LCOE: Levelized Cost of Electricity

Then

2012 - Cap-and-trade legislation unlikely

in the near term. - No deadlines for utilities, no reason

to invest in carbon capture and storage.

- Oil more expensive = $100/barrel; global competition stronger.

- CCUS has been successfully developed in FE demos.

Current Capture Cost: $70-90/Ton

Goal by 2020: $40/Ton

Carbon Capture Cost can support a long-term business case to invest.

Now

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Large-Scale Geologic CO2 Storage

CO2 Capture from Industrial Facilities

Post-Combustion Capture with Enhanced Oil Recovery

IGCC with Enhanced Oil Recovery

Oxy-combustion

Advanced Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage

Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)

IGCC with CO2 Capture (to pipeline)

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CCPI Round II

CCPI Round III

FutureGen

ICCS (Area I)

Hydrogen Energy California IGCC with EOR

$408 Million - DOE $4.0 Billion - Total

Summit Texas Clean Energy IGCC with EOR

$450 Million - DOE $1.7 Billion - Total

NRG Energy Post Combustion with CO2

Capture and EOR $167 Million – DOE $339 Million - Total

Air Products CO2 Capture from Steam

Methane Reformers with EOR $284 Million - DOE $431 Million - Total

Leucadia CO2 Capture from Methanol

with EOR $261 Million - DOE $436 Million - Total

Archer Daniels Midland CO2 Capture from Ethanol

(saline injection) $141 Million - DOE $208 Million - Total

FutureGen 2.0 Oxy-combustion with

CO2 capture (saline injection) $1.0 Billion - DOE $1.3 Billion - Total

Southern Company Services IGCC-Transport Gasifier

(CO2 to pipeline) $270 Million - DOE $2.67 Billion - Total

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Partnership Target Injection Volume (tonnes)

Big Sky 1,000,000

MGSC 1,000,000

MRCSP 1,000,000

PCOR 1,500,000

1,000,000

SECARB 2,402,000

300,000

SWP 1,000,000

WESTCARB TBD

Injection Ongoing

2012 Injection Scheduled

Injection Scheduled 2012-2015

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Large-volume tests

One injection commenced April 2009; another in November 2011

Remaining injections scheduled 2012-2015

Injection began November 2011

Injection Started April 2009

Core Sampling Taken

Note: Some locations presented on map may

differ from final injection location

Injection Well Drilled

Characterization Well Initiated

Reservoir modeling initiated

Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Phase III: Development

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2

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Injection Ongoing

2012 Injection Scheduled

Injection Scheduled 2012-2015

Injection began November 2011

Injection Started April 2009

Core Sampling Taken

Note: Some locations presented on map may

differ from final injection location

Injection Well Drilled

Characterization Well Initiated

Reservoir modeling initiated

Addressing Storage Challenges: Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships

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• Large-scale injection wells

• Establishing monitoring and verification protocols.

• Addressing regulatory, environmental, and outreach issues.

• Establishing Best Practices

• Assessing risks

• Validating sequestration technology and infrastructure.

• Engaging regional, state, and local governments

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Oxygen Membrane

Fuel Gas

Warm Gas Cleaning

Reduces Capital Cost by 25% and 5.0% reduction in COE

Oxygen

CO2

H2 Rich Stream

• Efficiency increases by 2.9 %pt • COE decreases by 12.0%

Water-Gas Shift*

O2-

e-

Hot Compressed Air

Lean Air

H

H

H

H2

CO2

H2

H2

H

H

H

H

CO2

H

H2

Process improvement and intensification

H2/CO2 Membrane

Low-rank Coal* Alternative Feedstocks*

•Energy security •Carbon footprint reduction

Improve RAM*

•Refractory durability •Feed system reliability •Heat removal/integration •Temperature measurement & control

•Dynamic simulator •CFD gasifier modeling •Slag model development

* Advanced Gasification

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Compact Boiler Designs

Advanced Materials (USC) Advanced Burners Sensors/Controls

Boilers

Multi-pollutant capture Advanced Sorbents

Advanced Membranes

Supersonic Compression

High Pressure Turbo Pump Enhanced Compressor Design

Advanced Compression

Post Combustion Capture

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Reduce Cost and Load

Oxygen Plant Elevated Pressure Combustion

Oxyfuel Boiler

2 Stage Purification

Removes SOx, NOx, O2, inerts Smaller Compression Plant

CO2 Purification Reduce CO2 Recycle

High Temperature Materials Efficient Water Use

Sensors and Controls

Advanced Process Integration

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CO2 transport, storage and monitoring cost

25

30

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Curr

ent S

tate

-of-t

he-A

rt

Coal

Pum

p

85%

Ava

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lity

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m G

as C

lean

up

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embr

ane

Adv.

H2

Turb

ine

Ion

Tran

spor

t Mem

bran

e

Conv

entio

nal F

inan

cing

Efficiency (% HHV)

Supercritical PC without capture

IGCC with Carbon Capture

IGCC without Capture

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Curr

ent S

tate

-of-t

he-A

rt

Coal

Pum

p

85%

Ava

ilabi

lity

War

m G

as C

lean

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n M

embr

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Adv.

H2

Turb

ine

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Tran

spor

t Mem

bran

e

Conv

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nal F

inan

cing

First-Year COE ($/MWh)

Supercritical PC without capture

IGCC with Carbon Capture

IGCC withoutCapture

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tate

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Tran

spor

t Mem

bran

e

Conv

entio

nal F

inan

cing

Cost of CO2 Removed ($/tonne)

Relative to Supercritical PC without capture

IGCC with Carbon Capture

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0

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Ref.

IGFC

/Sta

te-o

f-the

-Art

Redu

ced

Deg

rada

tion

Redu

ced

Ove

rpot

entia

l

85%

Ava

ilabi

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Enha

nced

Gas

ifier

90%

Ava

ilabi

lity

Redu

ced

SOFC

Cos

t

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ease

d In

vert

er E

ff.

Pres

suriz

ed SO

FC

Cata

lytic

Gas

ifier

Conv

entio

nal F

inan

cing

Cost of CO2 Removed ($/tonne)

Relative to Supercritical PC without capture

IGFC with Carbon Capture

IGCC with capture

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CO2 transport, storage and monitoring cost

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35

40

45

50

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60

65

Ref.

IGFC

/Sta

te-o

f-the

-Art

Redu

ced

Deg

rada

tion

Redu

ced

Ove

rpot

entia

l

85%

Ava

ilabi

lity

Enha

nced

Gas

ifier

90%

Ava

ilabi

lity

Redu

ced

SOFC

Cos

t

Incr

ease

d In

vert

er E

ff.

Pres

suriz

ed SO

FC

Cata

lytic

Gas

ifier

Conv

entio

nal F

inan

cing

Efficiency (% HHV)

IGFC with Carbon Capture

Supercritical PC without capture

IGCC with capture40

50

60

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80

90

100

110

120

Ref.

IGFC

/Sta

te-o

f-the

-Art

Redu

ced

Deg

rada

tion

Redu

ced

Ove

rpot

entia

l

85%

Ava

ilabi

lity

Enha

nced

Gas

ifier

90%

Ava

ilabi

lity

Redu

ced

SOFC

Cos

t

Incr

ease

d In

vert

er E

ff.

Pres

suriz

ed SO

FC

Cata

lytic

Gas

ifier

Conv

entio

nal F

inan

cing

First-Year COE ($/MWh)

IGFC with Carbon Capture

Supercritical PC without capture

IGCC with capture

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*USC = Ultra-supercritical PC (5,000 psig/1,200oF/1,200oF) * PC = 5,000 psig/1,350oF/1,400oF CO2 transport, storage and monitoring cost

A – Supercritical PC w/Current Amine Scrubbing B – Ultrasupercritical PC w/Current Amine Scrubbing

C – USC PC w/Amine + Advanced Compression D – USC PC w/Advanced CO2 Sorbent + Adv. Comp.

E – USC PC + Adv. CO2 Membrane + Adv. Comp. F – Adv. USC PC + Adv. Sorbent + Adv. Compression

G – Adv. USC PC + Adv. Membrane + Adv. Comp. H – Advanced Oxycombustion Power Cycles

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150Levelized COE ($/MWh)

SCPC w/o CCS

A B C D E F G H

OxycombustionPost-Combustion

0

10

20

30

40

50Cost of CO2 Removed ($/tonne)

A B C D E F G H

Relative to Supercritical PC without capture

OxycombustionPost-Combustion

Advanced Power Systems Enable CCUS Opportunities

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Carbon Storage Program – Core R&D

Thermal and hydrologic fate and transport Geochemical simulations Geomechanical simulations Predicting biologic impacts on storage formations Risk assessment and quantification

Wellbore construction and materials technologies Mitigation technologies for wells and natural pathways Managing fluid flow, reservoir pressure, and brines Geochemical effects of CO2 injection Geomechanical effects on reservoirs and seals

Atmospheric and Remote Sensing Technologies Near surface monitoring of soils and vadose zone Subsurface monitoring in and near injection zone Intelligent monitoring systems for field management

Geologic Storage Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting

Enhanced Oil Recovery Conversion to commodities into chemicals and plastics Non-geologic storage in cement and minerals Beneficial use of produced waters

CO2 Utilization

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Simulation and Risk Assessment

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Science-Based Computational Tools for Accelerating CCS Technology Development & Deployment

Identify promising concepts

Develop optimal designs

Quantify technical risk in scale-up

Accelerate learning during development & deployment

First Principles

Commercial Plants

CFD

Process Simulation

NRAP

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The “Un-Mined Gold” Story for Energy and Jobs Benefits1 of CO2-EOR: ◦ $10 trillion in economic

activity over 30 years; ◦ 2.5 million jobs ◦ 30 – 40 percent reduction

in imported oil

Domestic Oil Supplies and CO2 Demand (Storage) Volumes from “Next Generation” CO2-EOR Technology**

1 Source: U.S. Carbon Sequestration Council

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Oil in reservoir Injected CO2 encounters oil

Oil expands and moves toward producing well

EOR – How It Works

CO2 remains in reservoir

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Energy Security: Promote U.S. energy security by increasing domestic oil production and reducing imports.

Jobs: Create millions of new high paying jobs in the energy and related sectors.

Revenues: Provide trillions of dollars of new domestic revenues and economic activity.

Trade: Improve the U.S. balance of trade by significant reductions in oil imports.

CCS and Climate Change Impact: Help achieve a meaningful and significant reduction in U.S. CO2 emissions through safe and permanent geologic storage for EOR operations.

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