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Selective logging effects

to residual stand ofnatural forest

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Selective logging effect

Changes of nutrient content in the forest ecosystem caused by

selective logging in PT ITCI, East Kalimantan (Ruhiyat, 1989).

Harvesting yield of 80 m/ha.

CHANGE OF NUTRIENT K(kg/ha)

Ca(kg/ha)

Mg(kg/ha)

Nutrient exported through selective

logging of 80 m/ha woods during

felling cycle of 35 yr.

33 78 10

Input of nutrient through rain waterduring 35 yr.

227 192 70

0,5-5,0% nutrient content of forest ecosystem exported outside. It can be replaced

by nutrient from rain water during the rotation. No data of nutrient loss, which

doesnt captured by the plant roots.

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Selective logging and stand structure

(Sutisna, Suyana, 1997 in PT ITCI, Bpp)

NO DESCRIPTION D 50cm(3 HA)

D 30cm(3 HA)

DIFFERE

NCE

1 Trees harvested (stem/3ha):

All size

Smaller trees (d 30-49 cm)

28

0

49

7

+21

+7

2 Tree species number harvested, 3 ha 10 12 +2

3 Wood volume harvested at log yard (m/ha)

Wood volume harvested all size (d 30cm)

Wood volume smaller trees (d 30-49cm)

105,19

0

165,26

14,64

+60,07

+14,64

4 Density of residual stand:

% of tree number

% of basal area (m/ha)

76

66

54

45

-22

-215 Broken tree number by each felled tree (data 3 ha):

Broken tree per ha (data 3 ha)

7,8

73

7,4

121

-0,4

+48

6 % Survived tree in Et+0 71 62 -11

7 % of whole exposed soil:

Skidding road (% area)

broken area (% area)

27,3

6,8

20,5

44,5

7,5

37,0

+0,7

+16,5

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Biodiversity changes of tree species

(Matius, 1997 in PT ITCI, Bpp).

NO DESCRIPTION FELLING D LIMIT 50 CM FELLING D LIMIT 30 CMBEFORE AFTER LOSS BEFORE AFTER LOSS

1 TREE in 1 ha:

All species numberDipterocarpaceae

10610

758

312

13014

811

493

2 SAPLING in 1 ha:

All species number

Dipterocarpaceae

102

47

58

20

44

27

102

11

51

5

51

6

3 SEEDLING in 1 ha:

All species numberDipterocarpaceae

59

6

32

5

27

1

53

6

33

4

20

2

4 Index Shanon-Wiener 5.51 5.09 0.4 6.07 5.52 0.55

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Removal of competitor trees to improve the

growth of crop trees:

Called as thinning if the removal trees are so large for using asconstruction wood

Steps of timber stand improvement:

- refining -> negative choice -> removal of weeds/shrubs- liberation -> positive choice -> removal of shade trees.

Trees to be removed and to be retained

Removed trees: shade/press damaged rubbing doubted

climbers.

Side tree (non crop trees): shorter tree feed tree periphery

trees riparian trees.

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Refinement effect(slash of weeds after selective logging)

Woell (1988) in Mindanao (the Philippines) 18 yrs after

selective logging, in the former canopy gap there are 3,2

times more dipterocarp young trees compared with

undisturbed forest.

Refinement/refining doesnt effect growth of trees, but

release seedlings and saplings from the pressure of

other vegetation.

In Balikpapan after 9 yrs after selective logging:

1x refining: 1500 stem/ha regeneration

3x refining: 3000 stem/ha regeneration

7x refining: 4500 stem/ha regeneration

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