5. Migration, Introduction and Local DistributionJournal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Oct., 1962), pp. 629-634Published by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2068 .

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Migration, etc. 629

Rice, A. L. (1962). The food of the sea scorpion Acanthocottus bubalis (Teleostei-Sclero- parei) in Manx waters. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 138, 295-303.

Stomach contents analysis of 286 specimens. Seasonal variations occur, but the species is primarily a predator of small Crustacea and fish.

Toner, E. D. (1959). Predation by pike (Esox lucius L.) in three Irish lakes. Eire Dept. Lands Rep. Sea Inland Fish. 1959, 67-73.

Stomach analyses of large numbers of pike from three lakes show that salmonids form the main prey, but perch and other fish are also taken.

5. MIGRATION, INTRODUCTION AND LOCAL DISTRIBUTION

Baker, C. S. Wood (1961). Records of Pembrokeshire aphids (Hemiptera-Homoptera, Aphidoidea). Nature in Wales, 7, 89-91.

A list of sixteen species collected in August and September 1960.

Briggs, H. D. (1962). Gosforth Park and its bird sanctuary: a history description and map. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumb. 14,77-90.

Notes on this important wildlife refuge on the edge of the city of Newcastle, with a complete l ist of the birds recorded there.

Burdon-Jones, C. (1961). Atlantic leatherback turtles in Wales. Nature in Wales, 7, 39-42. A brief account of the leatherback turtle or luth with notes of records round the Welsh coast

and a map for the British Isles.

Cranbrook, Earl of & Crowcroft, P. (1961). Small mammals from Herm Island. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 44, 365-368.

The shrews (Crocidura russula) are indistinguishable from those from Guernsey; wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were the only other small mammals collected.

Crewdson, R. C. R. (1961). Some species and forms of Lepidoptera whose distribution in Britain is restricted to Scotland. Proc. Manchester Ent. Soc. 1952-60, 4-16.

Discusses the factors restricting the distribution of nineteen moths and one butterfly to the northern half of Great Britain.

Degerb0l, M. (1961). On a find of a Preboreal domestic dog (Canisfamiliaris L.) from Star Carr, Yorkshire, with remarks on other Mesolithic dogs. Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 27, 35-55.

Describes remains of a domesticated dog from the Preboreal period (7538?250 B.C.) from Star Carr, Yorkshire. The skull is characterized by very large teeth in a very short jaw, and by overlapping premolars. The dog is similar to Maglemosian dogs from the Boreal period in Denmark.

Delany, M. J. (1961). The ecological distribution of small mammals in north-west Scotland. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 137, 107-126.

Four years' records from mainland and Hebridean sites.

Ellison, M. F. (1961). The coypu in Lancashire. Proc. Liverpool Nat. Fld. Cl. 1960, 22.

Four records of this fur-farm escape from the Hawkshead area of north Lancashire.

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630 Abstracts

Fordham, W. H. (1962). Mottled rooks in Cambridgeshire. Nature in Cambs. no. 5 31-34.

Persistence of a rare variant of the rook in the same district over a period of 15 years.

Fullager, P. J., Jewell, P. A., Lockley, R. M. & Rowlands, I. W. (1961). A census of the voles and mice on Skomer Island. Nature in Wales, 7, 3-6.

The census indicated a large population both of the Skomer vole and of the long-tailed field- mouse; 342 voles and 246 field-mice were caught. The areas with the largest numbers of voles were practically devoid of field-mice and vice versa.

Gibbs, A. & Wallace, D. I. M. (1961). Four million birds? Lond. Bird Rep. 25 (1960), 61-68.

This report on daily watches of diurnal migration by birds over London made by some forty observers between 24 September and 13 November 1960 contains summaries of the general day-to-day movements, with weather data, and of the movements of some twenty-five individual bird species. The total number of birds passing over the area during the period is estimated at about four million.

Gribble, F. C. (1962). Census of black-headed gull colonies in England and Wales, 1958. Bird Study, 9, 56-71.

185 colonies with between 46 000 and 51 450 pairs represents an increase of 25 % over 1938. 74% of English colonies were at less than 1000 ft, 66% of Welsh colonies above this level. Increase of inland colonies in England seems due in part to new habitats becoming available since 1938. A detailed list of sites is appended.

Hamilton, F. D. (1962). Census of black-headed gull colonies in Scotland, 1951. Bird Study, 9, 72-80.

The census is incomplete for lack of observations. The known 130 colonies are listed with 29 000 to 36 000 pairs.

Harle, D. F. (1962). Release of Nymphalis antiopa in Kent. Kent Field Club Bull. 7, 47.

A number of Camberwell beauties were released at Ham Fen on July 9, 1961.

Harrop, J. M. (1961). The woodcock in Denbighshire. Nature in Wales, 7, 79-82.

The woodcock is now a regular breeder in the county and is aided by the increasing acreage of young fir plantations.

Hewer, H. R. & Backhouse, K. M. (1961). 'Headless' grey seal pups. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 137, 630-631.

This condition is probably the result of decay, not predation.

Hill, G. R. (1961). Rats in Wales. Nature in Wales, 7, 43-45.

The brown rat has sharply declined in numbers in the last 20 years. The black or ship rat, formerly found at four or five Welsh ports, is now confined to Cardiff.

Holmes, P. F. (1960). The brown trout of Malham Tarn, Yorkshire. Salm. Trout Mag. no. 159, 127-145.

An account of the growth, food and parasites of the excellent trout in this alkaline water.

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Migration, etc. 631

Huxley, H. H. (1962). Notes on Ilyocoris cimicoides (Linn.). Handb. North Western Nat. Un. 1961, 26-28.

Notes on this carnivorous water-bug in Cheshire.

Jones, A. W. & Castell, C. P. (1961). Some notes on the snails and slugs of Devilsden Wood and the nearby Downs, Coulsdon. Lond. Nat. 40 (1960), 131-136.

The forty-five species found between 1958 and 1960 are listed both systematically, with notes on abundance and habitats, and under the nine habitats represented.

Lewis, T. (1961). Records of Thysanoptera at Silwood Park, with notes on their biology. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 36, 89-95.

London Natural History Society (1961). The survey of Bookham Common. Nineteenth year. Lond. Nat. 40 (1960), 71-80.

A progress report (pp. 71-73) includes the results of spring censuses in 1959 and 1960 of singing males of eight woodland bird species, with comments on population trends in some, and an analysis of mammalian and avian bones in barn-owl pellets. There is also a paper (pp. 73-80) containing the results of trapping surveys of small mammals by J. C. Lord.

Lord, J. C. (1961). Some further results of trapping for small mammals at Bookham Common. Lond. Nat. 40 (1960), 73-80.

443 mammals of seven species were caught in fifteen grassland and damp-oakwood habitats of various types in which trapping was carried out every 3 months between September 1958 and January 1960. Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus agrestis and Sorex araneus represented 96% of the total and of these the first was most numerous in woodland with sparse ground cover, the second in woodland with dense ground cover and in woodland clearings, and the last two in open grassland.

McGrath, C. J. (1959). Dams as barriers or deterrents to the migration of fish. Athens Proc. L. U.C.N. Tech. Meeting, 4, 81-92.

Discusses impedance and prevention of spawning migrations with particular reference to Atlantic salmon in Ireland, and suggests measures to relieve them.

Mackie, D. W. (1961). The spider ecology of a sand quarry. Handb. North Western Nat. Un. 1961, 13-19.

Notes on thirty-eight species from a Cheshire quarry.

Macmillan, A. T. (1961). The collared dove in Scotland. Scot. Birds, 1, 480-489.

Records from ten Scottish counties of this newcomer (Streptopelia decaocto) to Britain.

Meadows, B. S. (1961). The gull roosts of the Lea Valley reservoirs. Lond. Bird. Rep. 25 (1960), 56-60.

The results for each of five species, of counts made each month during 1957-60 on flight lines to two reservoirs used as roosts. Over 90% of the birds entered from the NNE or SSE, and each species tended to come from one main direction. Black-headed, herring and greater black- backed gulls were most numerous in winter, common gulls in spring and lesser black-backed gulls in autumn. The results are compared with those of a census in 1954 (see Homes, R. C., 1955, Lond. Bird Rep. 18 (1953), 37-39 and abstract in 1956, J. Anim. Ecol. 25, 203) and evidence of an increase in numbers of about one-third is presented. Numbers of lesser and greater black- backed gulls in particular have increased rapidly.

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632 Abstracts

Miller, P. J. (1961). The occurrence of the shanny and other blennies in Liverpool Bay. Proc. Liverpool Nat. Fld. Cl. 1960, 22-25.

Three species occur, viz. Blennius pholis, B. ocellaris and Pholis gunnellus. Anarrhichas lupus has also been reported.

Murton, R. K. & Ridpath, M. G. (1962). The autumn movements of the woodpigeon. Bird Study, 9, 7-41.

BTO ringing records show that 75 % of British birds are sedentary, within 25 miles of where ringed, but first-year birds may move further. Continental birds show marked migration sw from Scandinavia. Some reach the east coast in autumn and move south together with some British first-year birds. On reaching the south coast they may swell local roosts for a while before crossing the Channel to continue their movement.

Nau, B. S. (1961). Sand martin colonies in the London area. Lond. Bird Rep. 25 (1960), 69-81.

In 1960 forty-eight colonies containing about 4000 burrows were found within a radius of 20 miles of St Paul's; 45-5 % of the burrows were occupied, with a peak of 68 % in late June. Bird numbers appear to have been constant over the past 60 years; about 6 5 % of the colonies become extinct each year. Most burrows faced east; there was no significant preference between north and south. Data on burrow lengths and diameters are included.

Nevin, W. S. (1962). Rook with unusual bill deformity. Brit. Birds, 55,46.

An adult rook shot in Kent had very elongated mandibles, the lower embedded through its middle part in the flesh of the upper breast. The bird was in good condition.

Peach, W. S. & Miles, P. M. (1961). An annotated list of some birds seen in the

Aberystwyth district, 1946-56. Nature in Wales, 7, 11-20.

A list of over 140 species noting differences in the status of some of them since Professor Salter's lists of 50 to 60 years ago.

Radford, M. C. (1962). British ringing recoveries of the black-headed gull. Bird Study, 9, 42-55.

Analysis of BTO ringing recoveries shows that the nestlings tend to disperse and most foreign recoveries come from the coasts of France, Spain and Portugal. Adults ringed in Britain are

mostly recovered in the Baltic area.

Richens, R. H. (1962). Eriophyid mites on Cambridgeshire elms. Nature in Cambs. no. 5, 39-40.

Four species occur in the country, three new to Great Britain and one new to Europe.

Riggall, E. C. (1961). Mechanics of insect migration. Tr ans. Lincs. Nat. Un. 15,98-106.

Some notes on the relation between air currents and the migration and dispersal of insects.

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Migration, etc. 633

Rothschild, M. (1961). Increase of hares at Ashton Wold. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 137, 634-635.

Subsequent to the myxomatosis changes (cf. Rothschild, M. & Marsh, H., 1956, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 127, 441-445) a new increase is associated with elimination of foxes.

Sage, B. L. & Gladwin, T. W. (1961). Some notes on the Pennant Valley, Caernarvon- shire. Nature in Wales, 7, 85-88.

A brief account of the flora is followed by notes on the birds, reptiles, dragonflies and beetles.

Seymour, W. (1961). Grey squirrels. Quart. J. For. 55 (4), 293-298.

Distribution, numbers and control of Sciurus c. carolinensis.

Side, K. C. (1961). A preliminary list of the Coleoptera of Farningham Wood, Kent. Lond. Nat. 40 (1960), 83-90.

Habitats and months for species collected since 1954.

Simms, E. (1962). A study of suburban bird-life at Dollis Hill. Brit. Birds, 55, 1-36.

Detailed observations from 1951 to 1961 are related to the history of land development in the area from 1816 and to its five main habitats.

Smith, R. W. J. (1961). The spread of some sea-bird colonies in the Forth. Scot. Birds, 1, 475-490.

Counts of breeding sea-birds on the smaller islands in the Firth of Forth during 1959-61.

Sparks, J. H. (1962). The bamboo worm, Clymenella torquata (Leidy): a new species of polychaete worm for Essex. Rep. Colchester & Dist. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1961, 7-10.

A new locality for an introduced worm hitherto found only at Whitstable, Kent.

Stott, B. (1961), Movement of coarse fish in rivers. Nature, Lond. 190, 737-738.

Sampling by electric fishing in the River Thames at fourteen stations distributed over a mile of river showed that most recaptures occurred close to the point of release. A smaller proportion of the marked fish moved more freely during the 3 months that they were under observation.

Ticehurst, N. F. (1961). Birds about a town garden. Hastings & E. Sussex Nat. 9, 114-119.

An account of the birds seen in a garden during 33 years' residence at St Leonards-on-Sea.

Vernon, J. D. R. (1961). The breeding population of gulls in Glamorgan and Mon- mouthshire. Trans. Cardiff Nat. Soc. 88, 14-18.

Ecological and topographical account of the breeding populations of five species of gulls, both on the coast and inland. A colony of herring and lesser black-backed gulls breeds on a factory roof at Merthyr Tydfil.

Wells, R. V. (1961). A visitor from Japan. J. Portsmouth & Dist. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1, 20-21.

The sea-squirt Styela clava from eastern Asia is now well established in Portsmouth and Langstone Harbours, Hampshire.

Wolff, T. (1961). The deepest recorded fishes. Nature, Lond. 190, 283.

A discussion of authentic records and validity of identifications made from bathyscaphes.

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634 Abstracts

Wright, A. A. (1961). Collared doves at St Leonards-on-Sea. Hastings & E. Sussex Nat. 9, 109-113.

The first breeding in Sussex of this rapidly spreading species.

6. STUDIES ON BEHAVIOUR

Bentham, H. (1961). Robin building second nest before departure of first brood. Brit. Birds, 54, 432.

The second nest was started a week before the first brood flew, and an egg was laid the day of their fledging.

Bottomley, J. B. & Bottomley, S. (1961). Little grebes attacking coots and domestic ducks. Brit. Birds, 54, 427.

Little grebes with a nest on a tarn in Westmorland habitually attacked coots and once domestic ducks, by diving and coming up beneath them.

Buxton, E. J. M. (1961). Jackdaws using lead labels for nesting material. Brit. Birds, 54, 404.

A nest in a chimney in Wiltshire included sixty-seven lead labels taken from flower beds and woven into the fabric.

Buxton, E. J. M. (1961). Notes on the incubation of the grey wagtail. Brit. Birds, 54, 432-433.

Incubation was observed for 9 days. Both sexes incubated and usually they relieved one another. The longest time the eggs were uncovered was 18 minutes.

Crowcroft, P. & Jeffers, J. N. R. (1961). Variability in the behaviour of wild house mice (Mus musculus L.) towards live traps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 137, 573-582.

Trap-prone-trap-shy behaviour is probably inherited and is influenced by social strife. Practi- cal implications are that this species is not typically trap shy and that Lincoln index estimates in the field will be less inaccurate when more traps are used.

Dunthorn, A. A. & Errington, F. P. (1961). House sparrows breeding in thrushes' nests. Brit. Birds, 54, 433-434.

Three,instances observed in a rural area in Wiltshire, one in a song thrush nest, two in black- bird nests.

Gompertz, T. (1961). The vocabulary of the great tit. Brit. Birds, 54, 369-394, 409-418.

From 4 years of study the vocabulary is analysed, classified and related to behaviour. Eighteen main categories of sound were recognized.

Sparks, J. H. (1961). Preening in flight. Brit. Birds, 54, 431.

Observed frequently in the sand martin (Riparia riparia).

Wright, D. (1961). Aerobatic behaviour of rooks in a thermal. Brit. Birds, 54,431.

A flock soaring over flat grassland in Norfolk would rise to about 200 ft. and thence each bird would spin downwards nearly to the ground.

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