America Moves to the City:America Moves to the City:1865 - 19001865 - 1900

APUSH Chapter 25 APUSH Chapter 25

• What was the economic and social impact What was the economic and social impact of immigration laws on urban America? of immigration laws on urban America?

• How did the government respond to the How did the government respond to the issues created by the Industrial Revolution? issues created by the Industrial Revolution?

Characteristics of UrbanizationCharacteristics of UrbanizationDuring the Gilded AgeDuring the Gilded Age

1.1. Megalopolis.Megalopolis.2.2. Mass Transit.Mass Transit.3.3. Magnet for economic and social Magnet for economic and social

opportunities.opportunities.4.4. Pronounced class distinctions.Pronounced class distinctions.

- Inner & outer core - Inner & outer core5.5. New frontier of opportunity for New frontier of opportunity for

women.women.6.6. Squalid living conditions for many.Squalid living conditions for many.7.7. Political machines.Political machines.8.8. Ethnic neighborhoods.Ethnic neighborhoods.

Ellis Island

• Most of European immigrants entered the U.S. at Ellis Island.

• Located in NY harbor

• What were conditions like on Ellis Island?

Melting Pot • A mixture of different people, cultures, &

races who blended together to form a new culture

• Term for the post-1880 newcomers who came to America mostly from Southern & Eastern Europe?

• Why didn’t new immigrants want to give up their native culture?

• What movement did this contribute to?

Nativism• Grew out of increasing numbers of

immigrants in the U.S. • Favoritism/preference towards native-born

Americans• What kind of cultural differences could lead

to conflict between immigrant & natives?• What ethnic group do nativists believe to be

superior?• Nativist & anti Catholic political party of

the late 19th century?

Chinese Exclusion Act

• Passed in 1882 it prohibited Chinese immigration for 10 years

• Later restricted indefinitely

• What region of the country had strong anti-Asian sentiments?

• Why?

Problems with urbanization

• Housing

• Transportation

• Water

• Sanitation

• Crime

• Fire

Housing

• Not enough affordable housing for all

• Row houses designed to save space

• Many families live in crowded single room apartments, or share homes with other families

• Tenements: multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowded & unsanitary

““Dumbbell” TenementDumbbell” Tenement

““Dumbell “ Tenement, NYCDumbell “ Tenement, NYC

Jacob Riis:Jacob Riis:• How the Other How the Other

Half LivedHalf Lived(1890)(1890)

• P. 104 – 105 in P. 104 – 105 in The American The American

SpiritSpirit

Tenement Slum LivingTenement Slum Living

Lodgers Huddled TogetherLodgers Huddled Together

Tenement Slum LivingTenement Slum Living

Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

WCTU• Alcohol is a convenient scapegoat for all problems associated with urbanization

• Women’s Christian Temperance Union movement is formed in 1873

• Actions lead passing the 18th Amendment in 1919

• American Spirit P. 118 - 119

Carrie Nation

• What will happen to all the poor, destitute immigrants who can’t provide for themselves?

• Concerned Americans want to find a solution to the social problems in cities

Settlement Houses

• Community centers in poor areas that provide assistance, mostly to immigrants

• Run mostly by middle class, college educated women

• Provides educational, cultural, & social services

Jane Addams

• Leader of the Social Gospel Movement

• Preaches salvation through service to the poor

• Est. Hull House, a settlement house that provided assistance to people in need

Political Machine

• Organized group that controlled political parties in the city

• What did they do?• How were they

organized?• Graft: illegal use of

political influence for personal gain

Boss Tweed