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BIOMASS IN THE COMMUNITY

CHOICE&LOCALISATIONOFBIOMASS

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CHP

Combinedheat

and

power

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Doyou

need

electricity&

heat?

Fuelledby:

Wasteoils(UCO,WVO)

Pureplantoils(PPO)

BiodieselDedicatedgeneratorfuels

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CHP

(combined

heat

and

power)

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Doyou

need

electricity&

heat?

Doyou

need

heatonly?

Biomassheating

Fuelledby:

Wasteoils(UCO,WVO)

Pureplantoils(PPO)

BiodieselDedicatedgeneratorfuels

Fuelledby:

Woodchip

Woodpellets

Grasspellets

Strawpellets

Exotic biomass

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ADVANTAGES:

Dieselgenerators tried&tested.

Veryefficient upto85%energycapture.

Usegridasbackup.

Trigeneration cooling

/chilling

instead

of

heating.

Biodiesel/GeneratorFuel/PPOtoENstandards.

Smallfootprintofequipment idealforcommunityschemes.

Easyfuelhandling/storage.

ExcellentCarbonreductionfigures.

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DieselengineCHP

DISADVANTAGES:

Fuelsupplychainissues&fluctuatingcommodityprices.

Warrantyissues,althoughbecominglessofaproblem.

Cost/payback

competing

with

biodiesel

industry

for

feedstock.

Gridconnectiontime&cost.

Availabilityoffinanceduetoallofaboveperceivedrisks.

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ADVANTAGES:

Largechoiceofbiomassboilers.

Tried&testedinBaltics,Scandinavia,Germany&Austria.

LowercapitalcostthanCHP.

Capitalcostsfallinginagrowingmarket morecompetition.

Canbeintegratedintoexistingbuildinginfrastructure.

Heat

in

a

box containerised

systems

ideal

for

community

schemes.

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Biomassheating

DISADVANTAGES:

Stillfuelsupplychainissues&pricevolatility.

Lowdensityfuel mustbelocalisedtobetrulysustainable.

Carboncontentofheatonly25%thatofelectricity.

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Typicalsystem

Maincomponents:

Boiler

Fuelhopper

/store

Automatedfuelfeedto

boiler

Pipes/pumps/heat

exchanger

Automaticcontrol

system

Flue.

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Sizeofsystem

Typical councilofficebuildingwoulduse500,000 800,000

kWhofheatperyear.

Whichis

about

108

mt

175

mt

per

annum

of

wood

pellets.

Trafficvolume6to11bulkdeliveriesperyear.

Willrequirea300kWboilertocopewithpeakwinterdemand.

Typicalcost

installed

150,000

200,000

RHIincomewouldbeabout30,00039,000perannum.

Carbonsavingcouldbeexpectedtobe60+mtperannum.

(Designoperatinglifeofatypicalboileris5000hrsperyearfor10years)

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Hintsonchoiceofbiomassboiler

Evenifaboilerismultifuel rememberyoumayhavetochangethefuelhandling

system(egwoodchips/woodpelletsarephysicallyverydifferentfromeach

other).

Truemultifuelboilersarehardtofindduetoveryrealdifferencesinashand

chlorinecontentoffuels(egstraw)requiringverydifferentcombustion

parameters.

Checktheclaimsofthemanufacturerandifpossiblegoseeaninstallation

runningonthefuelyouintendtouse.

Alwaysgoforautomaticignitionandautomatedcleaninginthebuilt

environment.

Qualityofpelletcanreallyaffecttheperformanceoftheboiler excessdustcan

bearealproblem.Worthpayingextraforquality.Pelletcertificationschemenow

comingin.

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Biomassfuelchoice

Woodchip Idealifyouhaveyourown.

Woodpellets

Waste

wood

/sawmill

residue

/dedicated

biomass

crops.

Strawpellets UKsbiggestbiomasssource,local&sustainable?

Grasspellets Miscanthus/Switchgrass/CanaryGrass

haspotentialtobelocal&sustainable.

Exotic biomass

palmkernel

shell

/rice

husk

/

sunflowerhusk

/bagasse

Reallyfortheindustrial powerstationseg.Drax

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Biomasscharacteristics

Typicalvalues Moisturecontent Netcalorificvalue Energydensity Bulkdensity Energybyvolume Energydensity

% MJ/kg kWh/kg kg/m3 MJ/m3 kWh/m3

Woodchip 20%30% 12.4 3.4 160250 3,100 850

Woodpellet 8%12% 16.9 4.8 650 11,000 3,120

Miscanthus 8%10% 17 4.8 500 8,500 2,400

Wheatstrawpellet 8%10% 16 4.4 600 9,600 2,640

RCGpellet 8%10% 16.2 4.5 650 10,530 2,925

Typicalenergyvalues:

Critical parameters:

Ash important factor in maintenance frequency / cleaning intervals. Automated cleaning is

desirable. Industrial grade wood pellets can have ash content up to 5%. Premium pellets are 0.5%to 1%.Ash = slag = cleaning & operating problems.

Chlorides cause corrosion of equipment.

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ADVANTAGES:

Lowestcarbonfootprint.

Canbelocallysourcedsustainable.

Canbecheap.

Createslocalemployment.

Basicequipmentrequiredforproduction lowcapitalstartup.

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WoodChip

DISADVANTAGES:

Variablequalityespeciallymoisturecontent.

Sticky difficultto

handle

(who

is

&

cleaning

&

maintaining

equipment?).

Lowenergyvalue largestorageareaormanydeliveriesrequired.

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WoodPellets

ADVANTAGES:

Consistentqualitytoaspecification.

Easytohandle,freeflowingproduct betterforautomatedfeedingofboiler.

Canbe

bulk

blown

into

hopper.

Highenergyvalue lessdeliveries/smallerstoragearea.

LowAsh=Easiermaintenanceofboiler.

DISADVANTAGES:

Highercarbonfootprintthanwoodchip(productionenergy)

Requiresspecialpelletingequipment

highercapitalcostifyouwanttodoityourself

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Localisationofbiomass

Reducefuelpoverty

Supporttheruralcommunity

Createemployment

Createagreen

hub

Truesustainability/lowcarbonfuture

Fuelsecurity(priceandvolume)

Potentialcrops:

1.Willow(shortrotationcoppice)

2.Miscanthus(elephantgrass)

3.Reedcanary

grass

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SRCWillow

ADVANTAGES:

IdeallysuitedtoUKclimateandgrowsinavarietyofsoiltypes.

DISADVANTAGES:

Expensivetoestablish(although50%grantavailablefromNaturalEngland).

Requires

special

harvesting

equipment.Canbedifficulttodryadequatelyafterharvesting.

Inflexible itstherefor30years.

Plantfor

20

30

years.

Harvest

every

23years.

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Miscanthus

ADVANTAGES:

HighyieldsperHa(15mt 18mt).

DISADVANTAGES:

NotnaturaltoUK nolongtermstudyonenvironmentaleffects.

Expensivetoestablish(although50%grantavailablefromNaturalEngland).

Requiresspecial

planting

equipment.

Requiresspecialharvestingequipment.

MixedresultsinUKfromlastfewyears.

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ReedCanaryGrass

ADVANTAGES:

NativetoUK.

Easytoplant&harvest nospecialequipment.

Afarm

contractor

can

grow

it

ideal

for

absentee

landowners

or

non

farmers.

Lowcapitalstartup(seed+fertilizeronly).

Tried&testedinFinlandover30,000ha*

Idealfornearwatercourses,gamecovercrop,conservationatfieldmargins.

Growswellonmarginalsoil&brownfieldsites**.

Pelletiseswell.

DISADVANTAGES:

LoweryieldperHathanMiscanthus(50%less).

*Separatepresentationavailable **TeessideUniversityResearch2010

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Pelletingplants

Typicalpelletplantminimumviablesizeis5000mtperannum.

5000mtofRCGisabout645hectares

25farmersgrowing25Ha=1pelletplant

30mileradiusofplanttoreducecarbonfootprint

Costof

plant

about

150,000

bought

in

(less

if

own

engineering).

Typicalsmallscaleplant Typicallargerscaleplant

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Links&References

BiomassEnergyCentre:

http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk

NationalNonFoodCropsCentre(NNFC):

http://www.nnfcc.co.uk

CarbonTrust/Siemensloanschemeforheatingsystems:

http://www.energyefficiencyfinancing.co.uk

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THEEND

THANK YOU!

DOUGCHAPLIN

NDKLIMITED

ndk.limited@gmail.com