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Seconhand Smoke
An Avoidable ScourgeBy Elie Honore MD MPH MHA
April 2010
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What is Secondhand Smoke?
Secondhand smoke or environmentaltobacco smoke) involuntary smoking or
passive smoking is the combination of
sidestream smoke (the smoke given off
by the burning end of a tobacco
product) and mainstream smoke (the
smoke exhaled by the smoker)
It happens in homes, cars, the
workplace, public places such as bars,
restaurants, and other recreation
settings.
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How is secondhand smoke
exposure measured?
Secondhand smoke is measured by
testing indoor air for nicotineor
other smoke constituents. Exposureto secondhand smoke can be tested
by measuring the levels of cotinine
(a nicotine by-product in the body)in the nonsmokersblood, saliva, or
urine.
http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=nhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=bhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=shttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=uhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=uhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=shttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=bhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=n7/30/2019 5 Secondhand Smoke
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How is secondhand smoke
exposure measured?
Nicotine, cotinine, carbon monoxide,
and other evidence of secondhand
smoke exposure have been found inthe body fluids of nonsmokers
exposed to secondhand smoke.
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Does secondhand smoke contain
harmful chemicals?
Yes. Of the more than 4,000 chemicals
that have been identified in
secondhand tobacco smoke, at least
250 are known to be harmful, and 50
of these are known to cause cancer.
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Does secondhand smoke contain
harmful chemicals?
These chemicals include :
arsenic (a heavy metal toxin)
benzene (a chemical found in gasoline)
beryllium (atoxic metal)
cadmium (a metal used in batteries)
chromium (a metallic element)
ethylene oxide (a chemical used to sterilize
medical devices)
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Does secondhand smoke contain
harmful chemicals?
These chemicals include (2):
arsenic (a heavy nickel (a metallic element)
polonium210 (a chemical element thatgives off radiation)
vinyl chloride (a toxic substance used in
plastics manufacture)
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Does exposure to secondhand
smoke cause cancer?
Yes. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), the U.S. National
Toxicology Program (NTP), the U.S.Surgeon General, and the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
have classified secondhand smoke as aknown human carcinogen (cancer-
causing agent).
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Does exposure to secondhand
smoke cause cancer? Inhaling secondhand smoke causes lung
cancer in nonsmoking adults.
Approximately 3,000 lung cancer
deaths occur each year among adultnonsmokers in the United States as a
result of exposure to secondhand
smoke. The Surgeon General estimates
that living with a smoker increases a
nonsmokers chances of developing
lung cancer by 20 to 30 percent.
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Does exposure to secondhand
smoke cause cancer?
Some research suggests that
secondhand smoke may increase the
risk ofbreast cancer, nasal sinus cavity
cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer in
adults, and leukemia, lymphoma, and
brain tumors in children. Additional
research is needed to learn whether alink exists between secondhand smoke
exposure and these cancers.
http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=bhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=nhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=nhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=lhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=lhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=bhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=bhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=lhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=lhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=nhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=nhttp://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/db_alpha.aspx?expand=b7/30/2019 5 Secondhand Smoke
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Secondhand Smoke
A Health Hazard to Children
EnvironmentalProtectionAgency
AmericanAcademy ofPediatrics
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38 percent of children aged 2months to 5 years are exposed tosecondhand smoke in the home
Source: CDC
Secondhand Smoke
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Secondhand Smoke
Up to 2,000,000 ear infections each year Nearly 530,000 doctor visits for asthma Up to 436,000 episodes of bronchitis inchildren under five Up to 190,000 cases of pneumonia in
children under five
Source: Pediatrics
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Secondhand Smoke
Also known as environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) Smoke breathed out by a smoker Smoke from the burning end of cigarettes,cigars, pipes Composed of nearly 4,000 different chemicals
and chemical compounds Benzene, nickel, carbon monoxide, ammonia
and cyanideSource: National Research Council
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Miscarriage
Prematurity Low birth weight
Secondhand Smoke
Source: AAP
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Secondhand Smoke More upper respiratory infections More bronchitis and pneumonia More ear infections and hearing
problems Higher rate of SIDS More cases of asthma More severe symptoms in children
who already have asthmaSource: AAP
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Secondhand Smoke
Coughing and wheezing Sore throats and colds Eye irritation Hoarseness
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Infants whose mothers smoked were38 percent more likely to be admittedto the hospital for bronchitis andpneumonia
Secondhand Smoke
Source: Lancet
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Source: Acta Paediatr Scand
Secondhand Smoke
Children younger than one year whosemothers smoked were almost four times aslikely to be hospitalized
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Infants with twoparents who smokewere more than twiceas likely to have hadpneumonia andbronchitis
Secondhand Smoke
Source: Lancet
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Source: JAMA
Children living inhouseholds where morethan three packs ofcigarettes were smokedper day were more thanfour times as likely tobe hospitalized forplacement of ear tubes
Secondhand Smoke
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Asthma One out of thirteenchildren has asthma Asthma is a chronic
disease of thepassageways that carryair to the lungs
Asthma causes laboredbreathing, shortness ofbreath
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Indoor Asthma Triggers Secondhand smoke
Animal dander
Dust mites
Cockroaches
Mold
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What is a safe level of
secondhand smoke? There is no safe level of exposure to
secondhand smoke. Even low levels of
secondhand smoke exposure is harmful.
The only way to fully protect peoplefrom secondhand smoke exposure is to
completely eliminate smoking in indoor
spaces. Separating smokers fromnonsmokers, cleaning the air, and
ventilating buildings cannot completely
eliminate secondhand smoke exposure
Pl d k S k F H
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Pledge to keep a Smoke-Free Home
and Car
The best thing you can do is quit Until you quit:
Choose not to smoke in your home orallow others to do so
Choose not to smoke in your car orallow others to do so
Choose a smoke-freechild care provider
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Secondhand Smoke
A Health Hazard to Children
EPAs Secondhand Smoke Website www.epa.gov/smokefree
American Academy of Pediatrics Website www.aap.org
To take the Smoke-Free Home Pledge
call 1-866-SMOKEFREE
EPAs Indoor Air Quality InformationClearinghouse 1-800-438-4318