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8/10/2019 5. Solar Power Plant
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SOLAR POWER PLANT
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SOLAR TROUGH COLLECTOR
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SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS – TROUGH
COLLECTORS
• All the collectors track the path of the sun on their longitudinal
axes. The mirrors concentrate the sunlight more than 80 times on a
metal absorber pipe in the line of focus. This pipe is embedded in an
evacuated glass tube to reduce heat loss.
• A selective coating on the absorber tube surface lowers emission
losses. Either water or a special thermal oil, runs through the
absorber tube.
• The concentrated sunlight heats it up to nearly 400 °C, evaporating
water into steam that drives a turbine and an electrical generator.
After passing through the turbine, the steam condenses back into
water that is returned to the cycle .
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SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS – TROUGH
COLLECTORS
• A fossil burner can drive the water-steam cycle during periods of
bad weather or at night.
• In contrast to photovoltaic systems, solar thermal power plants can
guarantee capacity. This option increases its attractiveness and the
quality of planning distribution over the grid.
• Thermal storage can complement or replace the fossil burner so that
the power plant can be run with neutral carbon dioxide emissions.
In this case, heat from storage drives the cycle when there is no
direct sunlight.
• Biomass or hydrogen could also be used in the parallel burner to
run the power plant without carbon dioxide emissions.
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SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT – TOWER TYPE
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SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS – TOWER TYPE
• The solar field of a central receiver system, or power tower, is made
up of several hundred or even a thousand mirrors, called heliostats,
placed around a receiver at the top of a central tower.
• A computer controls each of these two-axis tracking heliostats with
a tracking error of less than a fraction of a degree to ensure that the
reflected sunlight focuses directly on the tower receiver, where an
absorber is heated up to temperatures of about 1000 °C by the
concentrated sunlight.
• Air or molten salt transports the heat and a gas or steam turbinedrives an electrical generator that transforms the heat into
electricity.
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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
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SOLAR PANELS
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SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC GENERATION
• Solar energy, an important form of the renewable energy, is being
used extensively in solar water heaters and solar cookers.
• Solar energy is also being used on the large scale for generating
electricity by using the devices called solar photovoltaic cells or solar
cells or PV cells.
• The photovoltaic cells are the devices that convert solar energy
directly to electricity without the need of any other intermediary
device.
• The first solar photovoltaic cells were made in the year 1950 when
they were used in the US space satellites.
• At present the photovoltaic cells are being in a wider range of
devices from calculators to spacecrafts.
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SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC GENERATION
• The construction material used for photovoltaic cells is silicon, a
crystalline substance found easily on earth.
• To construct the photovoltaic or solar cell thin wafers of silicon are
formed from its crystal.
• Two wafers of opposite electrical properties are joined together with
the wires to enable the flow of electrons between them.
• When the sunrays fall on the photovoltaic cells the electrons start
moving from one layer of silicon chip to the other layer in natural
manner because of the difference in properties of the two layers.
• The amount of electricity produced by the single photovoltaic cell is
very small.• The single solar cells are used in the devices that require very small
amount of electricity these include calculators, small light bulbs,
watches etc.
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SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC GENERATION
• It is the photovoltaic cells arranged in the form of arrays that find
wide range of applications in our day-to-day life.
• The electricity generated from photovoltaic cells is stored in battery.
• This electricity can be used in the homes and businesses for lights
and other appliances, in the street lights, billboards, emergency
lights, solar lanterns etc.
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LIST OF INSTALLATIONS
Name Technology Capacity Country
Solar energy
generating
systems
Parabolic
trough354 United states
Nevada solar
one
Parabolic
trough64 United states
PS10 solar
power tower
Solar power
tower 11 Spain
Liddell power
station
Fresnel
reflector0.36 Australia
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LIST OF INSTALLATIONS – UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Name Technology Capacity Country
Ansaldo1 solar power
station
Parabolic trough
50 MW
Spain
Ansaldo 2 solar power
station
Parabolic trough
50 MW
Spain
Ansaldo3 solar power
station
Parabolic trough 50 MW
Spain
La Risca 1 solar power
station
Parabolic trough
50 MW
Spain
Solnova 1 solar power
station
Parabolic trough
50 MW
Spain
Solnova 3 solar power
station
Parabolic trough
50 MW
Spain
Energia solar
Parabolic trough
50 MW
Spain
Extresol 1
Parabolic trough
50 MW
Spain
Hassi R’mel
Parabolic trough
20 MW
Algeria
PS20 solar power
station
Power Tower 20 MW Spain
Beni mathar plant
-
20 MW
Morocco
Solar tress power
tower
Power Tower
17 MW
Spain
Keahole solar power
Parabolic trough
1 MW
Hawaii