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Justin Raducha Structural Option Professor M. Kevin Parfitt 101 Eola Dr, Orlando, FL Final Report Spring 2008

Page 31 of 75 Sustainability Breadth

5. Sustainability Breadth

5.1. Building Green

What is building green? Since standards began being published in 1999 by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), more and more projects are turning to this method of designing buildings. Building green involves making a commitment to make a structure more ecologically friendly than the typical construction project, either by reducing its impact on the environment around it, or on its occupants’ well‐being. “Why bother?” you might ask. Buildings fundamentally impact people’s lives and the health of the planet. According to LEED, in the United States alone, buildings use 39% of our total energy consumption, 71% of our electricity, 12% of our potable water, produce 39% of the national output of CO2 emissions, employ 30% of raw materials, produce 30% of waste, and transform land that provides valuable ecological resources. These are significant figures that may surprise you. By taking steps to reduce the consumption and environmental impacts of buildings, we can meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, a practice called sustainability.

As the green building sector grows exponentially, more and more building professionals, owners, and operators are seeing the benefits of green building and LEED certification. Green design not only makes a positive impact on public health and the environment, it also reduces operating costs, enhances building and organizational marketability, potentially increases occupant productivity, and helps create a sustainable community. LEED fits into this market by providing rating systems that are voluntary, consensus‐based, market‐driven, based on accepted energy and environmental principles, and they strike a balance between established practices and emerging concepts.

5.2. Existing Conditions

101 Eola is already well on the way to becoming a LEED certifiable building. The biggest characteristic is that the structure is composed of nearly 100% precast concrete. This will be elaborated on later in the report, but as an introduction precast concrete uses less materials due to it closely controlled manufacturing process, uses local and recycled materials, provides a high thermal mass system, and is inherently sustainable. 101 Eola also already utilizes a number of energy saving techniques. One of the biggest impacts comes from the lack of a central air management and hot water system. For ventilation purposes, a small rooftop air handling unit captures fresh outdoor air, preconditions it, and sends it to a small fan coil unit located in each condominium. These can be set by the individual preferences of the occupant. The hot water system has also been localized. A small instantaneous water heater in each condo replaces the



inefficient tank water heaters and central boiler found in many residences and buildings. This aspect offers the opportunity for a great deal of cost savings as well as tenant satisfaction.

Each credit of the LEED rating system was evaluated for applicability and feasibility as part of this study. Eight of the more challenging credits were also evaluated in detail. The details of this study can be found in the following sections.

5.3. LEED Certification Criteria

The LEED Green Building Rating System for New Construction and Major Renovation version 2.2 consists of 69 performance standards for certifying the design and construction phases of commercial, institutional buildings, and high‐rise residential buildings. The specific credits in the rating system provide guidelines for

the design and construction of buildings of all sizes in both the public and private sectors. The intent of LEED is to assist in the creation of high performance, healthful, durable, affordable and environmentally sound buildings. LEED for New Construction rates performance on the basis of 6 areas: Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy & Atmosphere, Materials & Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, and Innovation in Design. A building is considered “Green” under LEED standards if it achieves at least 26 of the possible 69 points. Ratings of Certified (26‐32 points), Silver (33‐38 points), Gold (39‐51), and Platinum (52‐69 points) are achievable under this system. In an official LEED application, each credit goes through a rigorous analysis and submission stage by the developers, after which the LEED council interprets the submission and awards points. Some points are far easier to achieve than others, and some are required even to submit an application. The details of the project checklist completed for 101 Eola can be found on the following pages. It was deemed that, with the proper design changes, that 101 Eola could achieve 34 point of the 69 possible with little or no impact, a silver rating under LEED v2.2. 5.3.1 – LEED Project Checklist

It should be noted that many of these credits are achievable through the addition of a green roof system. Such an undertaking would require prior planning to ensure structural considerations and determine first‐cost and life cycle impacts. This however is not the focus of this section, but should be considered in an actual assessment.



LEED for New Construction v2.2 Registered Project Checklist

Project Name: 101 Eola Project Address: 101 Eola Drive, Orlando, FL 32803

Yes ? No

11 1 2 Sustainable Sites 14 Points

Y Prereq 1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Required

1 Credit 1 Site Selection 1

1 Credit 2 Development Density & Community Connectivity 1

1 Credit 3 Brownfield Redevelopment 1

1 Credit 4.1 Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access 1

1 Credit 4.2 Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms 1

1 Credit 4.3 Alternative Transportation, Low-Emitting & Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 1

1 Credit 4.4 Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity 1

1 Credit 5.1 Site Development, Protect or Restore Habitat 1

1 Credit 5.2 Site Development, Maximize Open Space 1

1 Credit 6.1 Stormwater Design, Quantity Control 1

1 Credit 6.2 Stormwater Design, Quality Control 1

1 Credit 7.1 Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof 1

1 Credit 7.2 Heat Island Effect, Roof 1

1 Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 1

Yes ? No

1 4 Water Efficiency 5 Points

1 Credit 1.1 Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50% 1

1 Credit 1.2 Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No Irrigation 1

1 Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 1

1 Credit 3.1 Water Use Reduction, 20% Reduction 1

1 Credit 3.2 Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction 1



7 9 1 Energy & Atmosphere 17 Points

Y Prereq 1 Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems Required

Y Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance Required

Y Prereq 3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management Required

4 6 Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance 1 to 10

10.5% New Buildings or 3.5% Existing Building Renovations 1

14% New Buildings or 7% Existing Building Renovations 2


4 21% New Buildings or 14% Existing Building Renovations 4







1 2 Credit 2 On-Site Renewable Energy 1 to 3

1 2.5% Renewable Energy 1

7.5% Renewable Energy 2

12.5% Renewable Energy 3

1 Credit 3 Enhanced Commissioning 1

1 Credit 4 Enhanced Refrigerant Management 1

1 Credit 5 Measurement & Verification 1

1 Credit 6 Green Power 1 Yes ? No

5 8 Materials & Resources 13 Points

Y Prereq 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables Required

1 Credit 1.1 Building Reuse, Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1

1 Credit 1.2 Building Reuse, Maintain 95% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1

1 Credit 1.3 Building Reuse, Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements 1

1 Credit 2.1 Construction Waste Management, Divert 50% from Disposal 1

1 Credit 2.2 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% from Disposal 1

1 Credit 3.1 Materials Reuse, 5% 1

1 Credit 3.2 Materials Reuse,10% 1

1 Credit 4.1 Recycled Content, 10% (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer) 1

1 Credit 4.2 Recycled Content, 20% (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer) 1

1 Credit 5.1 Regional Materials, 10% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally 1

1 Credit 5.2 Regional Materials, 20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally 1

1 Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1

1 Credit 7 Certified Wood 1



Yes ? No

7 8 Indoor Environmental Quality 15 Points

Y Prereq 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Required

Y Prereq 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Required

1 Credit 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1

1 Credit 2 Increased Ventilation 1

1 Credit 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction 1

1 Credit 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy 1

1 Credit 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants 1

1 Credit 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coatings 1

1 Credit 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Carpet Systems 1

1 Credit 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products 1

1 Credit 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 1

1 Credit 6.1 Controllability of Systems, Lighting 1

1 Credit 6.2 Controllability of Systems, Thermal Comfort 1

1 Credit 7.1 Thermal Comfort, Design 1

1 Credit 7.2 Thermal Comfort, Verification 1

1 Credit 8.1 Daylight & Views, Daylight 75% of Spaces 1

1 Credit 8.2 Daylight & Views, Views for 90% of Spaces 1

Yes ? No

3 2 Innovation & Design Process 5 Points

1 Credit 1.1 Innovation in Design: Structure as Finish 1

1 Credit 1.2 Innovation in Design: A Total Precast Structure 1

1 Credit 1.3 Innovation in Design: Provide Specific Title 1

1 Credit 1.4 Innovation in Design: Provide Specific Title 1

1 Credit 2 LEED® Accredited Professional 1 Yes ? No

34 10 25 Project Totals (pre-certification estimates) 69 Points

Certified: 26-32 points, Silver: 33-38 points, Gold: 39-51 points, Platinum: 52-69 points



5.3.2 – Brief Credit Explanation

Sustainable Sites: Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

• Prevent erosion • Prevent dust pollution of air • Prevent sedimentation of sewers and streams

Credit 1: Site Selection • Avoid development of inappropriate sites • Reduce the environmental impact from location of building on site

Credit 2: Development Density & Community Connectivity • See Section 5.4.1 for in‐depth analysis

Credit 3: Brownfield Development • Rehabilitate and develop previously contaminated sites

Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation – Public Transportation • See Section 5.4.2 for in‐depth analysis

Credit 4.2: Alternative Transportation – Bicycle Transportation • Provide bicycle storage and changing rooms for 15% of residential occupants

Credit 4.3: Alternative Transportation – Low Emission & Fuel Efficient Vehicles • Option 2 – Provide preferred parking for low‐emitting and fuel efficient

vehicles for 5% of total vehicle parking capacity. Credit 4.4: Alternative Transportation – Parking Capacity

• Size parking capacity not to exceed local zoning requirements • Provide preferred parking spaces for carpool for 5% of total provided spaces

Credit 5.1: Site Development – Protect or Restore Habitat • Option 2 – restore or protect 50% minimum of site area with native or

adaptive vegetation. All plants used in the 101 Eola project are native or adapted to central Florida

Green roof addition exceeds 50% of site area Credit 5.2: Site Development ‐ Maximize Open Space

• Option 1 – exceed local zoning vegetated open space requirements by 25% Green roof addition contributes to vegetative areas

Credit 6.1: Stormwater Design – Quantity Control • Option 1a – implement stormwater management plan that prevents peak

runoff rate and quantity post‐development from exceeding that of pre‐development for design storm.

Green roof addition promotes infiltration Pervious pavers can be used for sidewalks

Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design – Quality Control • Implement stormwater management plan that reduces impervious cover,

promotes infiltration, and captures and treats 90% of average annual rainfall.

Use green roof and pervious pavers Existing landscaping designed for 6”/hr infiltration (>>90%)



Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect – Non‐roof • Option 2 – Provide minimum of 50% parking under cover

100% of parking is under cover • Cover must have Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) of at least 29

White concrete = SRI of 45‐86 Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect – Roof

• Option 2 – Install vegetative roof over at least 50% of roof area Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction

• Outdoor lighting far exceeds specs of LEED due to residential nature of building, and indoor lighting cannot be controlled by owner efficiently.

Water Efficiency Credit 1.1: Water Efficient Landscaping – Reduce by 50%

• Reduce potable water consumption for irrigation by 50% using recycled wastewater and harvested rainwater

Credit 1.2: Water Efficient Landscaping – No Potable Use or No Irrigation Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies

• Reduce usage of potable water for sewage conveyance by 50% Credit 3.1: Water Use Reduction – 20% Reduction

• See Section 5.4.3 for in‐depth analysis Credit 3.2: Water Use Reduction – 30% Reduction

Energy & Atmosphere Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems

• Verify building’s energy related systems are installed and calibrated to owner’s project requirements, basis of design, and construction documents

Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance • Establish minimum level of energy efficiency for proposed building • Comply with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1‐2004

Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management • Zero use of CFC‐based refrigerants in HVAC&R Systems

101 Eola uses no refrigerants whatsoever (chilled water system) Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance

• Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above baseline in prerequisite 2

Conservatively assume 21% improvement over baseline due to individual FCUs and instantaneous water heaters. A detailed energy simulation would be needed to verify and possibly increase this value. (4 credits)

Credit 2: On‐Site Renewable Energy • See Section 5.4.4 for in‐depth analysis

Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning • Begin commissioning process early in the design process

Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management • Option 1 – Use no refrigerants

101 Eola utilizes chilled water in place of refrigerants • Refer to appendix for unit data to verify



Credit 5 – Measurement & Verification • Provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over

time Not feasible with individual residential tenants

Credit 6 – Green Power • Provide at least 35% of building’s electricity from renewable resources by

engaging in at least a 2‐year renewable energy contract Orlando Utilities Commission has green power options available $5 per 200kW block for blended (bio/solar/wind) power $10 per 200kW block for 100% solar power

Materials & Resources Prerequisite 1: Storage & Collection of Recyclables

• Provide an area to dispose of recyclable materials Credit 1.1: Building Reuse: Maintain 75% of existing walls, floors, & roof Credit 1.2: Building Reuse: Maintain 95% of existing walls, floors, & roof Credit 1.3: Building Reuse; Maintain 50% of interior non‐structural elements Credit 2.1: Construction Waste Management – Divert 50% from Disposal

• Recycle and/or salvage 50% of construction and demolition debris • Recycle comingled and separated materials based on site size constraints

and construction stage Credit 2.2: Construction Waste Management – Divert 75% from Disposal

• Most likely not possible due to site constraints Credit 3.1: Materials Reuse – 5%

• Concrete structure utilizes recycled concrete in the mixture Credit 3.2: Materials Reuse – 10% Credit 4.1: Recycled Content – 10% (post‐consumer + ½ pre‐consumer)

• Concrete structure utilizes recycled concrete slag and rebar in the mixture Credit 4.2: Recycled Content – 20% (post‐consumer + ½ pre‐consumer) Credit 5.1: Regional Materials – 10%

• Entire concrete structure extracted, manufactured, and processed regionally Credit 5.2: Regional Materials – 20%

• Concrete accounts for 20.1% of total cost Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials Credit 7: Certified Wood

Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisite 1: Minimum IAQ Performance

• Meet minimum requirements of ASHRAE 62.1‐2004 sections 4‐7 Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control

• Minimize exposure of occupants, surfaces, and ventilation systems to ETS Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring

• Install monitoring systems to provide feedback on ventilation system performance

Credit 2: Increased Ventilation • Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality

101 Eola uses 100% outdoor air ventilation Credit 3.1: Construction IAQ Management Plan – During Construction



• Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction process. Precast concrete assembly produces very little dust or contaminates at the jobsite

Credit 3.2: Construction IAQ Management Plan – Before Occupancy • Flush out of air delivery system not feasible to standards with system

installed • Testing may be possible, but extensive and difficult to administer

Credit 4.1 – 4.4: Low‐Emitting Materials • Reduce quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating, or

harmful to the comfort and well‐being of installers and occupants • May be possible is planned before construction estimates sent out.

Credit 5: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control • Minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous

particulates or chemical pollutants Non‐conforming filters and entryways

Credit 6.1: Controllability of Systems – Lighting • Provide high level of lighting system control to building occupants (90%)

All residences have user controlled lighting Credit 6.2: Controllability of Systems – Thermal Comfort

• Provide high level of comfort system control to building occupants (50%) All residences have separate user controlled FCU’s for maximum controllability

Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort – Design • Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivity

and well‐being of building occupants in accordance with ASHRAE 55‐2004 All residences have separate user controlled FCU’s for maximum controllability.

Building envelope is precast concrete – which reduces heat intrusion reducing operational energy costs

Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort – Verification • Provide an assessment of building thermal comfort over time • Implement survey of building’s occupants

Credit 8.1: Daylight & Views: Daylight for 75% of spaces • Building is not designed to allow for this much daylight

Credit 8.2: Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of spaces • Building is not designed to allow for this amount of view

Innovation & Design Process Credit 1.1: Innovation in Design – Structure as Finish

• See Section 5.4.6 for in‐depth analysis Credit 1.2: Innovation in Design – A Total Precast Structure

• See Section 5.4.7 for in‐depth analysis Credit 1.3: Innovation in Design Credit 1.4: Innovation in Design Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional

• Finfrock Industries employs LEED APs in their design staff.



5.4. In‐Depth Credit Analysis

The following section will dive into a more detailed look at some of the analysis procedures used to determine feasibility of a LEED rating. The credits will be analyzed as if they were being submitted to the LEED council for certification.

5.4.1 – Sustainable Sites Credit 2

Intent: To channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields and preserve habitats and natural resources.

Option 2 — Community Connection

Construct or renovate building on a previously developed site AND within 1/2 mile of a residential zone or neighborhood with an average density of 10 units per acre net AND within 1/2 mile of at least 10 Basic Services AND with pedestrian access between the building and the services.

Basic Services include, but are not limited to: 1) Bank; 2) Place of Worship; 3) Convenience Grocery; 4) Day Care; 5) Cleaners; 6) Fire Station; 7) Beauty; 8) Hardware; 9) Laundry; 10) Library; 11) Medical/Dental; 12) Senior Care Facility; 13) Park; 14) Pharmacy; 15) Post Office; 16) Restaurant; 17) School; 18) Supermarket; 19) Theater; 20) Community Center; 21) Fitness Center; 22) Museum.

Proximity is determined by drawing a 1/2 mile radius around the main building entrance on a site map and counting the services within that radius.

PART A: Development Density:

Figure 5.4.1.1 – Development Density Overview(1)



Part B: Basic Services:

A Wachovia Bank Bank B St Paul's Lutheran Church Place of Worship C Central City Market Convenience Grocery D Montessori Children's House Day Care E Best Cleaner Cleaners F Nube Nove Salon Beauty G Contract Hardware Supply Hardware H Thornton Park Laundry Laundry I Lake Eola Park Park J Icon Pharmacy Pharmacy K Hue Restaurant Restaurant L Howard Middle School School M Mad Cow Theatre Theatre N Apopka Community Center Community Centre O LA Fitness Fitness Centre

Figure 5.4.1.3 – Services Map(1)

Figure 5.4.1.2 – Services Key

(1) Photos Courtesy of Google Maps



5.4.2– Sustainable Sites Credit 4.1

Intent: To reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use by promoting the use of mass transit systems.

Option 2 ‐ Locate project within 1/4 mile of one or more stops for two or more public or campus

bus lines usable by building occupants.

Data for this credit came from the website of the local mass transit bus company, LYNX. Two different routes pass within the ¼ miles radius of 101 Eola, with 5 bus stops total with this distance. This satisfactorily completes this credit. Refer to figure 5.4.2.1 below.

Figure 5.4.2.1 – Bus Services Map(1)

(1) Photo Courtesy of Google Maps



5.4.3– Water Efficiency Credit 3.1

Intent: To maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems.

Requirements: Employ strategies that in aggregate use 20% less water than the water use baseline

calculated for the building (not including irrigation) after meeting the Energy Policy Act of 1992 fixture performance requirements. Calculations are based on estimated occupant usage and shall include only the following fixtures (as applicable to the building): water closets, urinals, lavatory faucets, showers and kitchen sinks.

This strategy will employ the use of low flow water fixtures in an effort to conserve potable water for other uses. Typical usage statistics are presented below in figure 5.4.3.1. Since this building is multi‐use, the calculations have been split 4 ways. A baseline case for minimum compliance fixtures was evaluated for both resident and non‐resident occupancies. Then a design case with low flow options was analyzed and compared to the baseline. Data about flow rates comes from the LEED v2.2 handbook and manufacturers websites. Calculations are based on a 265 days in a year, 24 hours a day based off LEED recommendations. Calculations produced a reduction of 30.41%, however it is assumed the numbers are not exact, so the 20% reduction will be used, achieving 1 credit. Calculations can be found below in figure 5.4.3.2.

Flushing Toilets: 21.8%

Cooking & Drinking: 3.6%

Using a sink: 12.2%

*Washing Dishes: 8.3%

*Washing Clothes: 11.7%

Other Uses: 11.4%

Bathing & Showering:

25.4%

*Gardening & Irrigation:

5.6%

Figure 5.4.3.1 – Typical Residence Water Usage

*Dishwashers, Irrigation, and Clothes Washers are excluded from consideration for the purposes of this credit.



Design Case fixture daily usage flowrate duration occupants water use

residents dual flush water closet

half flush 4 0.8 1 260 832 full flush 1 1.6 1 260 416

low flow lavatory faucet 5 1.8 15 260 585 Low flow kitchen faucet 4 1.8 60 260 1872 Low flow shower head 1 1.8 300 260 2340

non‐residents dual flush water closet

half flush 0.2 0.8 1 150 24 full flush 0.2 1.6 1 150 48

low flow lavatory faucet 0.2 1.8 15 150 13.5 Low flow kitchen faucet 0 1.8 60 150 0 Low flow shower head 0 1.8 300 150 0

total daily volume = 6130.5 days = 265 total annual volume = 1624582.5

Baseline Case fixture daily usage flowrate duration occupants water use

residents conventional water closet 5 1.6 1 260 2080

lavatory faucet 5 2.5 15 260 812.5 kitchen faucet 4 2.5 60 260 2600 shower head 1 2.5 300 260 3250

non‐residents conventional water closet 0.2 1.6 1 150 48

lavatory faucet 0.2 2.5 15 150 18.75 kitchen faucet 0 2.5 60 150 0 shower head 0 2.5 300 150 0

total daily volume = 8809.25 days = 265 total annual volume = 2334451.3 Total Reduction = 30.41 %

Figure 5.4.3.2 – Water Reduction Calculations



5.4.4– Energy & Atmosphere Credit 2

Intent: To encourage and recognize increasing levels of on‐site renewable energy self‐supply in order to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use.

Requirements: Use on‐site renewable energy systems to offset building energy cost. Calculate project performance by expressing the energy produced by the renewable systems as a percentage of the building annual energy cost and using the table below to determine the number of points achieved.

% Renewable Energy Points 2.5% 1

7.5% 2 12.5% 3

Solution: Based on available roof area and on solar data statistics for the building site, a solar photovoltaic system is deemed viable for this project. Available roof area is approximately 20,000SF. From figure 5.4.4.1 below, this area provides plenty of ideal space for a solar electricity field setup. A 30 kW system was selected per suggestions from various web sources as being the system size that provides the maximum output for the lowest initial cost. Depending on the system efficiency this system could take up anywhere from 2400 to 9000 SF in roof area, well within available space. Solar analysis of the area was completed using PVWatts, a service provided by the Renewable Resource Data Center (RReDC): a database containing an extensive collection of renewable energy resource data, maps, and tools maintained by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). By entering in the location, current electricity rates (from Orlando Utilities Commission pricing publication), and field size, I was able to estimate the generated electricity value per year. This data can be found in figure 5.4.4.2, as well as the suggested tilt settings for maximum efficiency.

Solar Photovoltaic Systems are eligible for state and federal incentives as well. Federal incentives include a 30% tax rebate on the system’s purchase and installation. Florida State offers incentive rebates as well for commercial customers. These rebates are valued at $4/Watt installed up to $100,000.

Based on an assumed electricity consumption of 14.1 kWh/SF‐yr, the 99,980 SF 101 Eola would consume:

Electrical Costs: 99,980 sf x 14.1kWh/sf‐yr x $0.0640/kWh = $90,222 / yr Fuel Costs: 99,980 sf x 52.5kBtu/sf‐yr x $0.001083/kBtu = $5,584 / yr Total Costs: $90,222 + $5,584 = $95,806 / yr Produced Energy by 30kW system = $2572.80 / yr



% Renewable Energy = $ .$ ,

= 0.0268 = 2.68% > 2.5%

Therefore this system qualifies for 1 point under the terms of this credit.

Figure 5.4.4.1 – Area Requirements for Solar Arrays

Figure 5.4.4.2 – PVWatts Solar Array Data and Production Calculations



5.4.5– Innovation & Design Process 1.1

Credit: Structure as finish Analysis: This is an Innovation and Design credit that based of LEED’s catalog has been approved

in the past for a credit. Approved in the category of Materials & Resources, it is meant to reduce materials use by using the structural framing as the material for walls, ceilings, and floors. The concrete structure of 101 Eola could serve to satisfy this credit and gain an additional point. The trusses used for walls between condos were trowel finished smooth, and the block‐outs could be utilized as an aesthetic feature with a small partition between. Since concrete is a natural insulator of both sound and heat, as well as being inherently fireproof, no additional wall treatment would be needed except perhaps paint. Ceilings can also be left exposed to the concrete planks, and simply painted.

5.4.6– Innovation & Design Process 1.2

Credit: Total Precast Structure Analysis: This is a new idea for an I&D credit. A number of factors can affect this credit being

accepted; however the benefits outlined below are likely to be satisfactory for achieving another point under this category.

Benefits of a total precast concrete structure:

• Precast uses less raw materials due to precise manufacturing and quality control. • Quality finishes reduce the need for additional interior finish materials that could

impact indoor air quality and provide more waste materials should the building be remodeled or removed.

• Manufacturing reuses waste materials in concrete mix (aggregate and water) • Concrete & steel reinforcing have virtually limitless life span, extending productive life

of the building • Thermal mass of precast reduces energy consumption and reduces urban heat islands • Precast construction greatly reduces the impact of exterior noise and airborne noise

transmission between floors, enabling the structure to provide ideal work, study, or residential environments. The healthy indoor environments created by precast provide for more productive workers, more attentive students, and all around well being.

• Precast concrete buildings can include integral parking, making them an ideal fit for virtually any property footprint, and make the most of congested urban locations.

• Precast resists heat intrusion, reducing operational energy costs. • Expansive interior spaces can be easily and inexpensively reconfigured to

accommodate virtually any need or application. • Precast concrete is inherently durable, resisting natural forces harmful to buildings.

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