Int

JustHarventas wconventUsinvisu

Lea

troduct

t like passivrnessing wintilation. In t

well as withisidered a nutilation in yng Flow Deualization ca

rning Outco

Visualiz Determ

to imple Use Flo

tionve heating, pnd and contrthis course, in your builuisance. Furyour buildinesign, well an translate

omes

ze how air fine what typement. ow Design t

passive coolrolling airflyoull stud

lding. You wrthermore, y

ng. show you hto useful de

flows arounpes of natur

to dynamica

ling is an imlow is a key

dy the basicswill learn wyoull learn

how to visuaesign decisi

nd and withral ventilati

ally view the

mportant stry element fos of air mov

when wind cn about strate

alize airflowions.

in buildingsion are mos

e airflow ar

rategy for acor utilizing pvement and can be helpfegies you c

w around yo

s. st applicabl

round your

chieving an passive coohow air mo

ful for passian use to en

our building

le for your b

building de

energy effiling through

oves aroundive cooling, nable and en

g and how th

building and

esign.

icient buildih natural

d your buildiand when i

nhance natu

his

d the strateg

ing.

ing it is ural

gies

CaThrUSAof thcon

Phot

Pro

LocProjProjArc

Thearou

ase Studyoughout thiA, takes advhe passive vsiderations

to Credit: Bra

oject Details

cation ject Year ject Area hitect

e Audubon Cund a centra

y: Audubis course, wvantage of pventilation ifurther.

ad Feinknopf

s

Col20018,4Des

Center featual exhibit sp

bon Centwell study thpassive ventis increased

lumbus, Ohi09 400 sqf (1,7signGroup

ures a librarpace, as wel

ter he Grange tilation by p

d by using a

io, USA

710 sqm)

ry, bird viewll as an outd

Insurance providing opnarrow floo

wing area, cdoor amphit

Audubon Cperable winor plan. In

lassrooms, theater and n

Center in Cndows. Addthis course

and admininative plant

Columbus, Oitionally, thwe will stu

istrative offit demonstra

Ohio, he effectivenudy these de

fices organization garden

ness esign

zed ns.

Thebehspeetranmos

Lea

*** N

EDU

and m

Mod

e two diagraavior in Coed is around

nslates to a st important

arn more abo

NOTE THAT

UCATIONAL

may not reflec

del courtesy of

ams above alumbus. Whd 6 9 knotgentle breet step in des

out the Aud

T EXAMPLES

PURPOSES

ct the exact de

f DesignGroup

are from Revhile wind cots (6.9 - 10.3eze on the signing the A

dubon Cente

S, MODELS,

ONLY. They

esign and actu

p and the Nati

vit and descomes from a3 mph; 3 4Beaufort scAudubon C

er here.

& ANALYSI

y are simplified

ual performanc

ional Audubo

cribe the speall direction4.6 m/s) and

cale. InterprCenter with n

IS OF THE GR

d from the ori

ce.

n Society.

eed, frequenns in a varied comes froeting the onnatural vent

RANGE INSU

iginal work an

ncy, and direty of speedom South Son-site condittilation in m

URANCE AU

nd documentat

rectionality ds, the most outhwest. Ttions was th

mind.

UDUBON CE

tion done on t

of wind frequent wi

This wind sphe first and

ENTER ARE F

the actual buil

ind peed

FOR

lding,

Ex

Befosite alsoIn threprAudbe gAs prulewin

xternal A

fore you thinand around

o means thinhis unit youresents a dendubon Centegiven in thispreviously m

e of thumb fnds. The Aud

How sh What ty If you w

Airflow D

nk about letd your buildnking aboutull use Flownse urban ser towards ts unit. mentioned, for maximizdubon Cent

hould you blypes of buildwant to use w

Design

tting air intoding. This mt how you ww Design toetting with the end of th

the prevailizing wind vter does just

lock wind acding massinwind power

o your buildmeans considwill mass yoo visualize th

tall buildinghis course. I

ing winds foentilation ist that.

ccess if winng will best r, what are t

ding, its imdering your our buildinghe wind patgs. Well alInstructions

for Columbus to align th

nd speeds arencourage the consider

mportant to csites surro

g to utilize ntterns for a slso use Flows on how to

us generallye buildings

re too high?natural venrations?

consider howoundings annatural ventisite in New w Design to

download a

y come froms shorter ax

? ntilation?

w air will mnd neighboriilation. York City. analyze airand use Flo

m the South xis with the p

move on youing building

This site rflow for th

ow Design w

Southwest. prevailing

ur gs. It

e will

A

MMacooencandMas

ThivendiffTallat g

WhtheythisWhgrainfluexc

assinassing anoling, spcourage d stack essing Strat

nner buildntilation foricult-especl buildings

greater heig

ile thin andy also incre

s is good, sen plannindually incruence thereed 100%.

ng & Ond orientecificallynatural v

effect. egies for P

dings increr passive cocially gettins also increghts. This

d tall buildease the exsometimes ng urban cerease in hermal comfo

Orientation arey, naturalventilatio

Passive Coo

ease the raooling easyng air into ease the efimproves

Tall buildings im

dings can imxposed arenot. See M

enters, speight will mort. The he

ntatioe importl ventilaton and u

oling

tio of surfay. Conversthe core o

ffectivenesnot only c

mprove natural ven

mprove theea for heat Massing &ecifically in inimize higight differe

on fortant desition. As autilize pre

ace area toely, a deep

of the builds of naturaross ventila

ntilation, and in lo

e effectiventransfer thOrientatioheating do

gh speed wence betwe

r Coolgn factoa generaevailing w

o volume. p floor planding and mal ventilatioation but a

ower latitudes redu

ness of nathrough theon for Passiominated cwinds at theen neighb

ling rs to conl rule, thwinds, cr

This will mn will make

may requireon, becausalso stack e

uce sun exposure.

tural ventile building eive Heatingclimates, he pedestriaboring buil

nsider foin tall buross vent

make utilizine natural vee mechanice wind speeffect venti

ation to coenvelope. Sg. having the an level whldings shou

r passiveuildings wtilation,

ng natural entilation cal ventilatieeds are failation.

ool buildinSometimes

buildings hich can uld not

e will

ion. ster

gs, s

Orie

Builfromyea

Gethe pas

entation St

ldings shoum undesirar, using a w

nerally, orimost windsive ventila

trategies fo

uld be orieable winds wind rose d

ienting thed ventilatioation.

or Passive

ented to min cold wediagram, to

e building son, while o

Cooling

aximize beeather. Looo see whic

so that its rienting it

Orientation f

enefits fromok at the ph winds to

shorter axiperpendic

for maximum pass

m cooling bprevailing wo take adva

is aligns wiular to pre

sive ventilation

breezes in winds for yoantage of o

ith prevailievailing win

hot weathour site th

or avoid.

Windstatisdirect

ng winds wnds will pro

her and sheroughout t

d-rose diagram, shotics of wind speedtion throughout th

will provideovide the le

elter the

owing and

he year

e east

The effectiveness of this strategy and aperture placement can be estimated. Here are some rules of thumb for two scenarios in which windows are facing the direction of the prevailing wind:

For spaces with windows on only one side, natural ventilation will not reach farther than two times the floor to ceiling height into the building.

For spaces with windows on opposite sides, the natural ventilation effectiveness limit will be less than five times the floor to ceiling height into the building.

However, buildings do not have to face directly into the wind to achieve good cross-ventilation. Internal spaces and structural elements can be designed to channel air through the building in different directions. In addition, the prevailing wind directions listed by weather data may not be the actual prevailing wind directions, depending on local site obstructions, such as trees or other buildings. For buildings that feature a courtyard and are located in climates where cooling is desired, orienting the courtyard 45 degrees from the prevailing wind maximizes wind in the courtyard and cross ventilation through the building.

WWiareWinotis umo

Winmeaturboth

Thecho

Pred

Wind Pnd powe

e usually nd powet have enusually leore expen

nd power pasure is enbines may er times.

ere are seveoosing goo

dicting Win

Poweer uses wcalled "w

er may bnough suess expennsive tha

productionnergy genegenerate v

eral kinds ood wind ge

nd Energy

r wind to pwind turbe useful unlight fnsive thaan solar p

n at any givration (kW

very high w

of turbinesnerators is

Production

push a mbines" bufor locator photoan solar,per kilow

ven momenWh) per daywattages so

s, each withs to proper

Differe

n

otor thatut somettions thaovoltaicssmall sca

watt-hou

nt is measuy or monthome of the

h their ownrly predict t

ent kinds of wind t[1, 2, 3]

t generatimes sim

at have v. Althouale windr of elec

ured in wat or year. B

e time but

n advantagthe winds

turbines

tes electmply "winery stron

ugh large power itricity ge

tts, but theBecause of low wattag

ges and disbehavior o

tricity. Gndmills."ng windse-scale ws usuallyenerated

e importanwind's inte

ges or no w

sadvantageof a specifi

Generator

s and dowind powy much d.

nt variable termittency

wattage at

es. The keyic location.

rs

wer

to y,

y to .

Winassusommay

Anyvs. amax

Belocasewinmo

Winwill heigpowthawhe50 m

nd turbinesuming that

metimes toy find a sm

y commercaverage wiximum pow

ow is a grae, the largeds. At more than do

nd speed vexperienc

ght for winwer by 100n it is nearen they arem (150 ft) o

s are genert a 5kW tuo heavy to

maller turbi

cial wind tuind speed. wer rating.

aph combiner capacity

ore commoouble the e

varies rouge faster wi

nd turbines0%). Not sur ground lee very largeor higher.

rally listed rbine will g

o spin well ne actually

urbine will This is wh

ning the spy turbine onon annual anergy of th

hly by the nd than th

s. If you incurprisingly, evel. This me and very

by their pegenerate mat low win

y generates

have a spehat should

pecificationnly generaaverage winhe larger m

square roohe ground crease the wind pow

means that high in the

eak wattagmore than a

d speeds, s more pow

ecification sbe used to

ns of two dtes more end speeds,

model.

ot of the chlevel. This tower heiger generatwind genee air. Mos

ge, and it isa 3kW turbso a locatiwer.

sheet showo judge en

different coenergy ann, the smalle

hange in orate is imp

ght by 4x, ytion is mucerators are t wind ma

s easy to mbine. Howeon with low

wing a grapergy gene

ommercial nually if theer turbine

of altitude, portant wheyou doublech more eff

most effecps measur

make the mever, largew average

ph of energration, not

wind turbie site has vshown her

Larger turbinmore energy

so the topen determe the powefective on tctive and ee winds at

mistake of r turbines wind spee

gy generatt the

nes. In thivery high re generate

nes may not generay on your site

s of buildinining the er (increasetall towers

economicaa height o

are eds

tion

is

es

ate

ngs

e l

of

Nois

Winvibrthe Becvibrnoispeo

Safefewas mbec

[1] Mas

se and Bird

nd turbinesrations of thome's ai

cause of noration-damse falls as t

ople will ca

ety for birdwer problemmany birdscause of th

From Windssachusett

ds

s generate their own mr condition

oise and vibmping meathe squareuse no mo

ds and batsms, and gos per year aeir visual o

d Turbine Ns at Amhe

Wind p

some noismoving paner. Very labration, larsures. This

e of distancore noise th

s may be avernment as wind turopacity and

Noise Issuerst, 2002.

power increases w

se, both berts. For smarge-scale rge wind gs can raise ce, even vehan a hous

a concern fstatistics srbines. Savd low rotat

es, Renewa

with the square roo

ecause of amall househ

units mayenerators engineerinry large tusehold refr

for large-schow that bvonius styltion speeds

able Energy

ot in the change in

aerodynamhold-scale

y be 100 dBintegratedng and conrbines loca

rigerator.

cale turbinbuilding wie turbines s.

y Research

height.

mic drag anunits, the

B or more.[ with build

nstruction ated 300 m

es, thoughndows kill are inhere

Laborator

d becausenoise may [1] dings shoucosts. How

m (1,000 ft)

h small syst3,000 to 3

ently bird-

ry Center, U

of the be less th

ld incorpowever, as away from

tems cause30,000 timeand bat-sa

University

an

rate

m

e es afe

of

Flo

ThFlowDessec

httptail&

ow Des

he Flw Design issign, you caconds.

p://www.bin&mid=22BD

ign Play

ow Ds a 3D virtuan import a

g.com/videD0E233FB9

ylist

Designual wind tuna wide rang

eos/search?9ED0764F

n Pronnel for simge of geome

?q=autodes722BD0E2

ocessmulating air etry and im

sk+flow+de233FB9ED0

s flow over a

mage format

esign+proc0764F7

and aroundts and visu

cess+video&

d your desigualize flow r

&FORM=V

gns. With Fresults in

VIRE6#view

Flow

w=de

CFor

Thispleasim

Tuto

If yoin th

onfigaccurate f

s video andase follow aply watch i

orial: Modif

ou haven't he tutorial,

gure tlow results

d tutorial dealong in Flot all the wa

fy the Wind

already, stabut any of

the W, the wind t

escribe howow Design.ay through a

d Tunnel

art Flow Dethe examp

Wind Ttunnel shou

w to modify Feel free tand practic

esign and oples will do.

Tunneuld be sized

y the wind tuto pause th

ce with the

open one o

el d based on

unnel for yohe video at steps in the

of the samp

n the mode

our model. any time toe tutorial.

ple models.

l dimension

As you wao practice t

We used t

ns.

atch the vidhe skill, or

the car mod

eo,

del

StepCha

StepRes

StepTo rside

p 1 ange the win

p 2 size the wind

p 3 resize symme, the other s

nd tunnel siz

d tunnel in a

metrically, cliside resizes

ze by clicking

particular d

ck the keyboin the same

g Wind Tun

direction by d

oard "L". (Yoe way:

nnel from the

dragging a m

ou do not ne

e ribbon:

manipulator

eed to hold t

in the desire

the key; just

ed direction

t tap it once.

.

.) As you draag a

StepCha

Note

StepCha

p 4 ange the flow

e: The results

p 5 ange the mo

w speed by d

s automatica

del orientati

dragging the

ally update b

ion by clickin

e slider in th

ased on the

ng Orientat

e Wind Tun

new value o

ion from the

nnel Setting

of flow speed

e ribbon:

gs dialog:

.

Notespac

StepDragX ax

StepRota

e: In the stance. In the CA

p 6 g the slidersxis:

p 7 ate the mod

ndalone versAD plugin ver

s to reorient

el about the

ion of Flow Drsions, we ch

the model:

e Y axis:

Design, we change the wi

change the mnd tunnel or

model orientaientation inst

ation and leavtead.

ve the wind ttunnel fixed iin

StepRota

p 8 ate the model about thee Z axis:

ViPlanveloeas

Thisfollowat

Tuto

If yomod

StepIf th

StepMov

iew Rnes are usuocity or presy to unders

s video andow along intch it all the

orial: Use p

ou haven't del in the tu

p 1 e plane doe

p 2 ve the plane

Resulually the firssure contostand.

d tutorial den Flow Desie way throu

planes to vie

already, stautorial, but

es not appea

by dragging

ts wirst tool we uours or velo

escribe howign. Feel fregh and pra

ew Results

art Flow Deany of the

ar because f

g the drag h

th Plause for viewocity vecto

w to visualizee to pause

actice with t

s

esign and oexamples w

flow lines or

handle to a n

aneswing resultsrs on a slic

ze results we the videothe steps in

open one owill do.

iso surfaces

new position

s in our moce through t

with Planeso at any timn the tutoria

of the samp

s are shown

:

odels. With the flow. Th

s. As you wme to practical.

ple models.

n, expand th

planes youhey are con

watch the vice the skill,

We used t

e icon and s

u can view nvenient, a

deo, pleas or simply

the building

select Plane

and

e

g

e:

StepReoSide

StepReo

p 3 orient the plae

p 4 orient the pla

ane by selec

ane to the Fr

cting one of

ront.

the pre-defined orientattions from thhe ribbon:

Note

StepReo

StepDisp

e: Front wor

p 5 orient the pla

p 6 play vectors

ks well for 3D

ane to the To

by expandi

D simulation

op.

ng the menu

s, but is not

u under Sha

recommende

aded, and se

ed for 2D sim

electing Vec

mulations.

ctors:

This

StepGet

StepCon

s provides a

p 7 a better vie

p 8 ntrol the app

better view

w of the vec

earance of t

of the flow d

ctors by cha

the plane by

direction an

nging the ba

y selecting fr

d trends.

ackground to

rom the opti

o Dark from

ons on the C

m the toolbar

Color Sche

r:

eme tool in th

he toolbar:

ViA uscarrIn acirc

Thispleasim

Tuto

If yoin th

StepSho

StepCha

iew Rseful way tries the die

a similar maculation.

s video andase follow aply watch i

orial: Use fl

ou haven't he tutorial,

p 1 ow flow lines

p 2 ange the flow

Resulto experimee downstreaanner, flow

d tutorial dealong in Flot all the wa

low lines to

already, stabut any of

s by expandi

w line style b

ts wientally visuam, it's poslines help

escribe howow Design.ay through a

o view Resu

art Flow Dethe examp

ing the Plan

by selecting

th Floalize flow is

ssible to obsyou to visu

w to visualiz Feel free tand practic

ults

esign and oples will do.

ne command

from the list

ow Lis to inject aserve the f

ualize flow p

ze results wto pause th

ce with the

open one o

d, and select

t:

inesa colored dlow patternpatterns, w

with Flow Lhe video at steps in the

of the samp

ting Flow Li

ie into the ns by watchwake format

Lines. As yoany time toe tutorial.

ple models.

ines.

stream. Ashing how thtion, and re

ou watch tho practice t

We used t

s the fluid he die moveegions of flo

he video, he skill, or

the car mod

es. ow

del

StepDisp

StepDisp

p 3 play the flow

p 4 play the flow

w lines as Lin

w lines as Tu

nes.

ubes.

StepDisp

StepDisp

p 5 play the flow

p 6 play the flow

w lines as Sm

w lines as Pa

moke.

articles.

StepCusSett

StepCha

p 7 stomize the atings dialog

p 8 ange the loca

appearanceg. Experimen

ation of flow

of your flownt with all of

w lines in a 2

w lines by clithe settings

2D simulation

cking Settins to understa

n by draggin

ngs, and usand their effe

ng the drag

ing the optioect on your

handle to a

ons on the Fflow lines.

new position

Flow Line

n:

You

StepChawind

u can also us

p 9 ange the simd tunnel.

se the orient

mulation to 3

tation comm

D, and let it

mands to re-o

run for a few

orient the flo

w minutes. N

ow line plane

Notice that f

e:

flow lines apppear throug

ghout the entire

Focbox

This

us on a part:

s is very use

ticular region

eful for focus

n by clicking

sing your vie

g Settings, a

ew on a part

and draggin

icular area o

g the Seed

of the flow.

Box manipuulators to mo

odify the see

ed

UThe(sta

The

Setu

WhebasThegoa

Sim

Res

As tfield

Velo

Plan

sing e commandandalone) s

ere are two

up comman

en you firstsed on the mere are seveals of your s

ulation W

sults comm

the wind tud and to un

ocity / Press

ne / Shaded

the Rds in the ribsimulation p

basic class

nds

t open a momodel size eral tools fostudy:

Wind tunnel

ands

nnel runs aderstand h

sure

/ Side

Ribbobbon are arprocess.

sifications o

odel into Fand setting

or making m

Orientat

and when ithow the air

Drag

Flow

on (Strranged from

of comman

low Designgs from youmodificatio

ion 3D /

t is compleflow interac

g Plot

w Lines / Line

tandam left to rig

nds, Setup

n, the setupur previousns based o

2D

ete, you cancts with you

S

es / Settings

aloneght to guide

and Resul

p parametes session, aon the actua

n use theseur model:

Surface Pres

s

e) e you throug

lts:

rs are comand the winal paramet

e command

ssures

gh the Flow

puted autond tunnel sters of the f

ds to visual

Iso Su

w Design

omatically tarts runninflow and the

ize the flow

urface / Sett

ng. e

w

tings

FlAir fmulleve

As wbuilthe canbeh

At tarou

Theoff t

low aflow patternltiple buildinel are of pa

wind strikesding. This leeward fa cause ped

havior of the

he windwaund the sid

e air flow acthe corner a

arounns around ngs in close

articular con

s the surfacresults in je

ace as the fdestrian dise wind flow

rd surface,des of the b

ccelerates aand a calm

nd Bubuildings ine proximityncern, and

ce of a builetting off offlow streamscomfort, aw at several

where thebuilding.

around themer stagnat

uildingn Built up ay to one anoshould be

lding, the flf the windw

ms reattach.nd in extrem positions r

e wind first i

e corners ofion region o

gs areas can bother. The evaluated c

ow typicallward corner. Dependinme cases, relative to t

impacts the

f the buildinon the side

be quite comeffects of acarefully to

y splits as rs and strong on the wbe dangerothe building

e building, t

ng. This caues of the str

mplex, espeair flow on po ensure pe

it flows oveng vortex foind velocityous. The fog:

the wind st

uses a highructure:

ecially whepedestriansedestrian sa

er and arouormation doy, these flowollowing de

tream splits

h speed se

en there ares at groundafety.

und the ownstream w phenomescribes the

s above and

parated reg

e d

of ena e

d

gion

The

As tformhigh

e wind flowi

the flow strm in the wahly energet

ing over the

reams overake region. tic region o

e top of the

r the top anA stagnatiof vortex flow

e building d

nd sides of on region cw just down

descends ra

the structucan occur anstream of

apidly on th

re reconneagainst the f the structu

he leeward

ect on the leleeward su

ure:

side:

eeward sideurface, follo

e, vorticiesowed by a

A ch"canland

Thesafe

Thelimitonlyhum

hanneled flnyoning" efdscaped or

ese effects ety.

e following tting criteriay consider wmidity:

low effect offect. Theser structural

can have a

table from a. These clawind speed

occurs whee can be paelements t

a significan

(Shane 20asses attemd and do no

en wind gusarticularly do disrupt th

t effect on

11) lists a rmpt to quanot account

sts pass bedangerous he stream:

pedestrian

range of contify pedestfor other w

etween adjafor pedestr

s, and sho

omfort classtrian comfo

weather con

acent buildirians, espe

uld be revie

ses based ort assuminnditions suc

ings, result

ecially when

ewed caref

on wind spng suitable ch as tempe

ting in a n there are

fully to ens

peeds and attire. Theyerature and

no

ure

y d

Comfort Class Wind Conditions Activity Description

Sitting Wind speed < 3.9 m/s Occurs > 70 % of the time

Acceptable for sedentary activities.

Standing Wind speed < 6.1 m/s Occurs > 80 % of the time

Acceptable for standing, strolling, and other slow movements.

Walking Wind speed < 8.3 m/s Occurs > 80 % of the time

Acceptable for walking, running, and other rigorous activities.

Uncomfortable Wind speed > 8.3 m/s Occurs > 20 % of the time

Unacceptable for walking.

Dangerous Wind speed > 25 m/s Occurs > 0.01 % of the time

Dangerous for walking.

ExFlowis tyis faarou

In thautotunn

Ups

In th

Imp

Thestoppres

xternw Design foypical in auaster than tund missile

his topic, womotive exnel flow ap

stream

he region u

pingement

e point wheps as it conssure is oft

nal Floocuses on tomotive, c

the speed oes and high

we discuss mxamples to plications.

upstream of

ere the flowntacts the leten higher h

ow flow that isconsumer gof sound is h-speed com

many of theillustrate th

f the mode

first hits theading edghere due to

s slower thagoods, archcalled sup

mbat aircra

e flow pattehe patterns,

l, the air flo

he model ise, and is w

o loading ef

an the speehitectural, apersonic. Exaft. Flow De

erns you m, but these

ow is unifor

s called the where the floffect of the

ed of soundand many axamples of esign does

ay see in yprinciples

rm, and mo

impingemeow splits abwind.

d. This is caaircraft flowf supersonicnot solve f

your wind tuapply to a w

oves at the

ent point. Tbove and b

alled subsow applicationc flow inclufor superso

unnel flowswide range

specified fl

This is wherbelow the m

onic flow, anns. Flow th

ude flow onic flows.

s. We use e of wind

low speed.

re the flow model. The

nd hat

Win

For Preflat resi

nd Loading

3D flows, yessure. A sface resistsistance is im

you can vissignificant ss the wind mportant fo

sualize the source of wmuch more

or fuel econ

wind loadiwind resistane than a lownomy and e

ng on the mnce often ow, stream-lefficient ope

model surfaoccurs at thined designeration.

aces by dishe front facen. Reducin

playing Sue of the mog the drag

urface odel. A largdue to win

ge, d

Flow

As tconwindmod

Flow

w over the M

the flow pastricted by d tunnel. If del, which c

w Separatio

Model

asses over athe sides othe wind tu

can reduce

on

and aroundof the wind unnel is tooe the accura

d the modetunnel. Fo

o small, theacy of the r

el, the flow oor this reasoe flow is artresults.

often accelon, it is impificially "pin

lerates becportant to unched" as it

cause the ase an apprt passes ar

air is ropriately siround the

ized

Sepmovregismoeffic

Locthe wind

Wak

Thetogechato d

Thean oDesmor

A lashoofte

paration occves aroundions often ooother the fciency.

cal effects sfollowing imdshield.

ke

e region jusether after

aotic. To gedisplay pres

e pressure object movsigns that pre fuel effic

arge wake dould allow then create lo

curs when d in a circulaoccur in theflow, the le

such as sepmage, the f

st downstreit passes o

et a better vssure.

in the wakees through

produce smcient.

downstreamhe flow to fow pressure

the flow stoar pattern. e wake, butss drag for

paration offflow separa

eam of the mover and aroview of the

e is usually air. This w

maller and s

m of the obfollow it as e regions w

ops followinOther timet can also orces you'll e

f a leading ates away f

model is caound the mflow, displa

y pretty lowwake often asmoother w

bject meanssmoothly a

which slow t

ng the shapes the flow soccur downencounter,

edge can afrom the ca

alled the wamodel. The ay vectors o

, and a largacts as a re

wakes usua

s higher draas possiblethe object,

pe of the osimply detanstream of which trans

also lead toar near the

ake. This isflow is usuor flow line

ge wake areesistance, lly have les

ag. To mini. Downstreresulting in

bject. In maaches fromany protrudslates to im

o flow sepaintersectio

s where theally slowers. Another

ea can signand can ress drag, an

imize the wam chaoticn energy-ro

any cases the modelding object

mproved en

ration off thn of the ho

e flow comer in the wakway to view

nificantly afduce fuel ed in many

wake, the obc recirculatiobbing drag

the flow . These t. The nergy

he model. Iod and the

es back ke, and canw the wake

ffect how wefficiency. cases, are

bject shapeion patternsg.

n e

n be e is

well

e s

Vort

In srepecanexayouosc

Noisstatdesidenmod

tex Sheddin

some wind tetitive patte cause nois

ample is whr vehicle, a

cillating cros

se is causetionary air).sign. Noise ntify recircudel.

ng and Nois

tunnel flowern. This isse, and ofte

hen driving alternating sss winds ar

ed wheneve. While aerooften occu

ulation regio

se

w application called vorten affects hbehind a faside-to-sidere the vortic

er air moveodynamic-irs locally inons and tra

ns, the flowtex sheddinhow the floast-moving e. As soon cies alterna

es over a stinduced non areas thaansient vort

w downstreang, and is cow interacts

tractor-traias you pas

ating off the

tationary oboise cannot at have rapitices downs

am of the mcommon in s with downiler, you'll fess the trucke tail end of

bject (or whbe elimina

id, high valstream of a

model oscilaerodynam

nstream objeel a crossk, the crossf the truck.

hen an objeated, it can ue oscillati

anything tha

lates up anmics. Vortejects. A com

s-wind on ths-wind stop

ect moves tbe manageons. Displaat protrude

nd down in x sheddingmmon he front on ps. Those

through ed within a ay Velocity es from the

a g

to

1-Introduction2-Case Study3-External Airflow Design4-Massing & Orientation for Cooling5-Wind Power6-Flow Design Playlist