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ALTRUISM LOST
BY TATIANA DURÁN
SONGS OF SELFISHNESS
See the world through other’s eyes…
Why when we do anything for or with
others lead us to the motive of self-interest?
What’s good for me? Psychological egoism
“every particular affection, benevolence among the rest, is subservient to self-love” BISHOP BUTTLER
“The people we regard as moral are simply selfish in a different way… JOHN STUART MILL
BARRY SCHWARTZ
“evolutionary biology, economics and
behavior theory share a common visionof what it means to be a person… humanbeings are out of pursue self-interest, tosatisfy wants, to maximize utility, orpreference, or profit, or reinforcement, orreproductive fitness. They are greedy,insatiable on the pursuit of want satisfaction”
BIOLOGY
Edward O. Wilson
Altruism = central theoretical problem of sociobiology
Richard Dewkins: “Genes”, not on individuals nor groups. (1)
Robert Trivers
One individual saves another because it increases the probability that the favor will be returned. (2)
Two kinds of human altruism
ECONOMICS AND OTHER SOCIAL
SCIENCES
• Economics is not an assumption
• The first principle of Economics is that every agent is actuated only by self-interest. FRANCIS EDGEWORTH
AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
There are only three reasons people give
money to charity: direct benefits to the
donor, indirect benefits to the donor, or a
“kantian motive” in which “a donor benefits
neither directly nor indirectly from the
consumption of the charitable good, but
merely from the act of giving…
A person is reliable if and only if it is more
advantageous to him than being unreliable.
• “Altruism” = exchange
• Friendship, social approval, social rewards.
• Give in order to get
• Reciprocity= a way of mobilizing egoistic motivations and channeling them into the maintenance of the social system.
• Sociobiologists: psychology needs what they have to offer (more realistic understanding of human being)
• Michael and Lisa Wallach: Satisfaction of our own needs is what motivate the individual.
• Freud: child altruistic impulses.
PSYCHOLOGY
FR
EU
D An apparent desire to help contributes a reaction formation against one’s real desire, TO HURT. F
RE
UD
/D
AU
GH
TE
R
Altruism people should surrender to real impulses.
JE
AN
BA
KE
R M
ILL
ER Clinicians…
may think they see through to the fact that the woman is serving herself through serving others.
RIGHT OR WRONG
Is this going to work for me?
Psychology has distinctions only
between good and bad forms of
selfishness. ALLAN BLOOM.
EGOISM EGOISM
Behaviorism Learning
theory
The amount of romantic love a person
feels for someone is supposed to be direct
function of the benefits he/she derives from
the relationship.
1.Seeking reward.
2.Avoiding punishment.
3.We find someone’s else
pain distressing.
BEHIND THE APPEAL OF EGOISM
Altruism is only a chimera.
Morality is married to the idea of doing for
oneself.
Ethical egoism
Kant= self-love and morality pull in opposite
directions.
Guilt
You’ve got to start putting yourself
first
Stop feeling guilty
Who are you to judge
another person’s
life?
UTOPIA: ALTRUISTIC PERFECTION OR A
RACE OF SAINTS
• It does each of us an injustice by seeming to put part of human nature beyond our reach
1
• To linger on saintliness communicates the reassuring message that a few larger-than-life characters have become specialists in helping others.
2
• This approach has the effect of turning altruism into an all-or –nothing proposition.
3
CONCLUSIONS
Reducing non-economic issues
has relation with reduce economic
issues.
Bonus/grades.
Ethics pays.