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Overview

Of

3G Mobile Core

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Application Layer

The Application Layer is responsible for providing services to users via

applications regardless of the device and method in which the user accesses

the network. The Application Layer itself is not a real network as such important

operator parts of the application Layer may, however, be realized in what are

called Service Networks.

Control Layer

The Control Layer contains nodes that control and direct traffic (both

Circuit and Packet Switched). The Control Layer is realized in a CoreNetwork. The WCDMA Core Network will contain, for example, MSCs,

HLR/HSS, GMSC/TSC, SGW and possibly IMS.

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Connectivity LayerThe connectivity Layer consists of the transport nodes (M-MGW, SGSN and

GGSN) and connects to the various access networks.

The Access Network consists of the base stations and controllers in the mobile

networks(GSM, UMTS, CDMA) or fixed access, transport and connectivity network

that are able to handle different types of traffic (e.g. Circuit Switched and Packet

Switched data). For WCDMA, the Access Network is realized as the WCDMA Radio

Access Network.

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WCDMA is standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

Based on the 3GPP reference network model, the WCDMA network can beconsidered to consist of four major components:

User Equipment (UE)

Access Network (AN)

Core Network (CN)

Network External to WCDMA

WCDMA NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

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Mobile Soft switch Solution

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SGSN G

GMSCServer

GGSN

RNC

BSC

C - MGW

OSS-RCSDH

Network

MSCServer IP or ATM

Backbone

IP

R

IP

R

IP

R

PSTNISDNPLMN

Internet,Intranet

HLR/AUC

Service Delivery &

Charging SolutionsEricssonMulti

Mediation

EricssonMulti

Activation

SGSN W

C - MGW

GSM

WCDMA

CN 3.0, introduction

of common IP

backbone for PS &CS traffic

SGSN G5.0

SGSN W

5.5

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M S Cserver

Med iaGatewa

GCP

E G CP

D-C FGs

SG S server

E IRH LRSM S-C

E

M SCserver

MediaGatewa

GCP

E G UP

W C D M ARadioNetwork

IuCP

IuUP

PSTN/

ISDN

C SCF

AL/INA

FN RD

G SM

RadioNetwork

MAP Interface to support

btw GSM & WCDMA

MAP Interface

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ISUP ISDN User PartCAS Channel Associate

Signaling

TDM Time Division Multiplex

BICC Bearer independent

Call Control

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MAP Used between MSC & HLR and MSCs. Uses ITU-T #7 for transfer of Information

that is TCAP, SCCP & MTP.

INAP Enables the SCF to remotely control circuit based call process in real time through

SSF. INAP is SS#7 uses TCAP/SCCP signaling.

RANAP Handles RAB in WCDMA RAN by applying the RANAP protocol. Also handles

MM and CM.

BSSAP MSC server handles RAB in access network by applying the BSSAP protocol.

N-ISUP Used between MSC and PSTN or ISDN, based on ITU-T SS #7 signaling

BICC To support the new architecture, a separate version of N-ISUP is used. This support

N-ISUP services across an ATM or IP network. Used between network to network. Havetwo main function

- To pass call control information between servers, like B number and service

requirement

- To Transfer information related to bearer setup and MGW identity to be used at

connectivity layer

BSSGP To provide Radio Related, QoS and routing information between BSS and SGSN.

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MSC

Server

(AXE)

Signaling / IP

BSSAP Signaling / TDM Signaling (not GCP) / TDM

Signaling / IP

Iu-i/f / ATM

A-i/f / TDM

MGW

SGW

CPP

User plane / TDM, ATM, IP

Signaling / TDM, ATM, IP

Access Network Core / External Network

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Mobile soft switch enable a layered

architecture design for the mobile circuit

core , where the network functions

responsible for service management &control and for transport of service data are

physically & logically separated

Mobile Soft switch Solution

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Advantages of Mobile Soft switch Solution

1. Packet backbone technology (IP or ATM) enables

more efficient transmission of voice traffic over

the backbone by retaining the same voice codingin the backbone as is used in the air interface

2. Access independent (GSM/WCDMA) core network

3. Reduction of backbone traffic

4. Simplification of network planning through

common core for WCDMA & GSM

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MSC Server function Introduction!

MSC is the main node in the circuit switch domain. Different configurations are supported since the node can function as MSC Server, MSC-MGW and

combined Media Gateway. If MSC is configured as MSC Server, then MGw will be an external node. MSC Server can be configured as GMSC, Transit Switch centre (TSC), or Signaling Transfer Point

(TSP). These nodescan be combined in the same h/w that is based on AXE platform.

Its Function:

1. Signaling connection to other nodes

2. It controls the user plane in a co located or remote MGw via the GCP protocol.

3. Terminates the RANAP & BSSAP signaling.4. Call control between MSC/VLR Server and Transit Server or GMSC Server via ISUP (or BICC) signaling.

5. Connection Management Handles circuit based connection.

6. Mobility Management Roaming, H/O (between GSM and WCDMA network), Security e.g AUC,

Ciphering & charging.

MSC-MGw function Introduction!

Main Purpose is for processing of conversational data and handling of different transport Network.

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Media

Gateway

Function

MSC

Server

AXE10

MSC/VLR

Connection

Handler

MGW Handler GCP

int. i/f

int. i/f

GCP (to other MGWs)

BSSAP

RANAP

MAP

BICC

Payload Processing

Switching

User data User data

MSC Control LogicMSC Control Logic

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Group Switch

Clocks (CLM)Interface to GDM

ET155

Echo Cancellers

Transcoders

Regional Processors

GEM

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SLI

GARPGS

ET

HSL

ST

APG 40APZGCP

GARP

Signaling / SCTP/

IP/ Ethernet (100 Base T)

IP SignalingTDM Signaling Option

RPB

IPN

GARP Generic Application RP

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Network 1 Network 2MGW

Handles payload,

processing traffic and

signaling interworking

between networks

Payload Format 1 Transport Type 1 Signaling 1

Payload Format 2 Transport Type 2 Signaling 2

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Media Gateway

Inter-working between different transport technologies (TDM, ATM and IPbearer).

Media Stream handling (Speech Coder, Echo Canceller, Multi-Party call, Tone

Sender, DTMF sender/receiver, Interactive Messaging, Code Answer andTone Sender (CAT), Continuity Check)

Adapting the circuit-switched data services in WCDMA and GSM.

Signaling bearer conversion at the network edges in order to allow unifiedsignaling bearers to be used within the core network.

Supporting Radio Access Network interfaces.

Routing and switching.

Element Management.

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GCP

Cello

Platform

Cello

Platform

MGW ApplicationMGW Application

SGW/STPSGW/STP

Common Bearer ServicesCommon Bearer Services

Physical interfaces: 1.5, 2, 155 Mbps, fast EthernetPhysical interfaces: 1.5, 2, 155 Mbps, fast Ethernet

UDP/TCP/IP

termination

UDP/TCP/IP

terminationAAL1/ 2/5

termination

AAL1/ 2/5

terminationAAL2

switching

AAL2

switchingSTM

termination

STM

terminationIP

routing

IP

routing

Media Stream FunctionsMedia Stream Functions

DTI

DTI

DTMF

DTMF

announcement

announcement

conference

conference

codeccodec

echo cancellerecho canceller

Packet SwitchingPacket Switching

GTP-UGTP-U

SNDCPSNDCP

L2TP

L2TP

PPP-U

PPP-U

Connection CoordinatorConnection CoordinatorConnection CoordinatorConnection Coordinator

control pathsmedia streams pathstransmission

GCP terminationGCP termination

O

A

M

O

A

M

Bearer controlBearer control

Q2630.1,

B-ISUP

IPsecIPsec

tonetone

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Connection Handler

(One connection chain)

Resource

ComponentDatabase

Logicalview

Real

ConnectionATM AAL2 IuFH Speechcoder

Echocanceller

TRP UDP IP

Media Framing Media Stream Media Framing

Resource Components

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Cello Platform Concept

Common HW and SW for several telecom applicationsThe platform provides HW and SW for:a telecom OS with processors, file system, and database transport, switching, and signaling services

operational and maintenance supportThe platform enables:development of new applications with application-specific: SW in MP, BP, and SP boards

backplane several applications simultaneously in Cello

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Cable shelf

Fan

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SCB

SPIC

ASCC

SCB

SPIC

ASCCSPIC

SPIC

SPIC

SPIC

Backplane

26 genericdevice boards

Multi-purpose cell switch

Switch sub-components Space Switch Interface Unit (SPIC)

ATM Switch Core Circuit (ASCC)

1 + 1 switch redundancy

Non-blocking within subrack 28 boards with data rates of 622

Mbps

Approx. 16 Gbps duplexthroughput

ISL

ISL

ISL Inter Subrack Link

4 ISL per SPIC, max 230 Mbps per link, aggregate 622 Mbps

SCB Switch Core Board

ASCC ATM switch Core Circuit

SPIC Switch Port Interface Circuit

ISL Inter subrack Link

The Internal ATM connections

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Front View Rear View

Media Stream processing

devices, 1 STM-1

Processor, Inter Subrack Link

connections and Timing HW

16 or 30 ATM links, 16 E1/T1,

1 STM-1

Media Stream processing

devices, 1 STM-1

CU

CU

CUCCF

Media Stream

Extension

Subrack

Fan

MACU

ATM

Extension

Subrack

Fan

Main

Subrack

Fan

Media Stream

Extension

Subrack

Fan

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Internet

Internet

OSS-

RC

WCDM

A

Ran

WCDM

A

Ran

GERAN

GERAN

Iu

Ge

SGSN

MSC/

VLRHLR

SMS-GMSC

SMS IWMSC

Billing

System

Gs Gr Gd

Gn PS

BackboneNetwork

GGSN

ISP

Network

CooperateNetwork

Gi

Gi

Gom

GpGom

GnGb

GGSN

In another

PLMNS Backbbone

Camel

ph3SCP

http://www.vaio.sony-europe.com/professional/de/notebooks/index.html

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Internet

Internet

GERAN

/WCDM

A RAN

GERAN

/

WCDM

A RAN

SGSN

MSC/

VLRHLR

SMS-GMSC

SMS IWMSC

PS

BackboneNetwork

GGSN

ISP

Network

CooperateNetwork

Gi

GiGp

Gn

GGSN

In another

PLMNS Backbbone

PDP Context

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Serving GPRS Support Node

(SGSN)Session and mobility management (paging, attach, detach, PacketData Protocol (PDP) context handling, intra- and inter-SGSNrouting area update).

Payload Handling

Security includes features such as user and networkauthentication and data confidentiality through ciphering.

CDR based charging includes functions for collecting charginginformation from various sources within the SGSN

CAMEL based charging provides a real-time charging mechanism

Configuration management functions that support definition andhandling of logical relations with other network elements

SMS over GPRS

Support for SS7 signaling.

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Power consumption: 1,5 kW

Weight 160 kg

Cabinet Dimension: 1800x600x400 mm

PowerDistribution

Units

Blank

Panel

GSNMagazine

Lower

Fan

GSNMagazine

Upper

Fan

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Gateway GPRS Support

Node (GGSN)Tunnel managementIP-address management

Charging data collection/outputSecurity managementPacket filteringPacket routing / forwardingQOS managementElement management

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GGSNService PIC

GGSNService PIC

GGSN

Service PIC

GGSN

Service PIC

GGSNService PIC

GGSN

Service PIC

GGSN

Service PIC

GGSN

Service PIC

GGSN

Service PIC

Service orInterfacePIC

Mandatory

InterfacePIC

Service or

InterfacePIC

Service or

InterfacePIC

Service or

InterfacePIC

Mandatory

InterfacePIC

GGSN

Service PIC

Service or

InterfacePIC

or GGSN PIC

Service or

InterfacePIC

or GGSN PIC

Craft

Interface

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Home Location Register (HLR)

Home Location Register (HLR) serves as the primary database of subscriberinformation used to provide control and intelligence within the GSM/GPRS and

WCDMA networks.

The HLR manages mobile subscribes profiles as well as subscriber location and

activity, and also handles supplementary services.

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PLMN

Mobile IN

GPRS

Network Management

X.25

MAP

MAP

MAP

MAP

MAP

MAP

MAP

X.25X.25

S M S

IWMSC

S M S

GMSC

HLRRedundancy

HLRRedundancy

SGSN

CS1+

OSS-RC SOGCAS

FNR

AUC

MAP

SCP

GMSC

MSC

MAP

gsmSSF

X.25

gsmSCF

GMLC

MAP

MAP

sed since July 1991

an be used for

SM, GPRS, EDGE &

CDMA.

lso for GSM50/900/1800/1900/

GPP Spec.

HLR Supports :

STM, ATM, IP, IPoSTM,

ATMoSTM.

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Authentication Centre (AUC)The Authentication Centre (AUC) contains functions for secure storage of

individual subscriber identifiers and keys. AUC also includes algorithms

necessary for generating authentication and ciphering data based on the subscriber

keys. The authentication and ciphering data, provided by the AUC upon request,

are used by different network elements to protect the network, users and operatorsagainst unauthorized use of the system.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)The EIR database validates mobile equipment hardware identity, The MSC can

request the EIR to check if an MS has been stolen or is faulty (black listed), not

type-approved (gray listed), normal registered (white listed), or unknown.

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AuC

TripletsRANDSRESKc

Request for triplets from HLR(IMSI)

RANDRandom NumberSRES Sign ResponseKc Ciphering KeyeKiEncrypted Subscriber Authentication Key

IMSIInternational Mobile Subscriber IdentityA4 Algorithm for encrypting KiA3/A8Authentication and ciphering algorithm

Ki,A3/A8ind

A4 algorithms

DES

Blowfish

A3/A8

MAP

15

IMSI,eKi,

A3/A8ind,A4ind

AuCDatabase

0

RAND

In WCDMA, we call Quintet which consist of:

RAND, Expected Response, XRES, Authentication Token, AUTN IK Authentication Key CK Ciphering Key

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GRX

Concentrator

Site

GSM/GPRS

BS

BSC

BS

BS

Primary

Site

Primary

Site

Secondary

Site

Secondary

Site

Concentrator

Site

UTRAN (ATM based)

RNC

BS

BS

BS

Internet

Corporate

Corporate

Corporate

PSTN PSTN

RAN

Reference Solution for both CS

and PS traffic.

Includes both intra-site

connectivity (site solutions)

and inter-site connectivity

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OSS-RC

Supervisor

Deployer

Optim

iser

Confi

gurat

or

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MSC ServerCircuit based connection management i.e. traffic

control, roaming, call routing and handover.Media Gateway ControlMobility Management

AuthenticationCharging data collection/outputSupporting a comprehensive set of

Supplementary Services that complement andmodify the Tele-services and Bearer Services.

IN and CAMEL ServicesSecurity and Fraud

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Flexible Number Register (FNR)

The FNR node offers:

Mobile Number Portability (MNP): This feature permits an end-user to keep

his MSISDN identity when changing service provider or moving subscription

between two service domains within the same country.

Flexible Allocation of MSISDN for the GSM and WCDMA networks. This

feature provides mobile operators with free allocation of subscription

identity without considering the relation between MSISDN and IMSI series

in the HLR.

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PLMN

Mobile IN

GPRS

Network Management

X.25

MAP

MAP

MAP

MAP

MAP

MAP

MAP

X.25X.25

S M S

IWMSC

S M S

GMSC

HLRRedundancy

HLRRedundancy

SGSN

CS1+

OSS-RC SOGCAS

FNR

AUC

MAP

SCP

GMSC

MSC

MAP

gsmSSF

X.25

gsmSCF

GMLC

MAP

MAP