5.1 Definition of structure of performance...

Page | 1 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020

research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 696186

Make Net Zero Energy Refurbishments for Houses a Mass Market Reality

Deliverables

5.1 Definition of structure of performance guarantee

and 5.2 Template for delivery protocol for

refurbishment packages

Delivered: 31 August 2018



1. Introduction The Transition Zero project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 696186 to make net zero energy (E=0) refurbishments a market reality in the UK, France and The Netherlands. The project aims to facilitate volume commitments in the British and French market and hereby building a pipeline of demand. Transition Zero will achieve this through creating a viable refurbishment proposition for social housing organizations, financiers and governments, enabling them to tune their financing products and regulations. It will challenge the construction sector to start an ambitious innovation process to deliver the proposition. Taken together, this massive demand, the security that there will be finance available and an enabling regulatory environment will de-risk the innovation investment for the builders. The project works through establishing a Transition Zero market development team in each of the participating countries. Energiesprong UK energy performance guarantees deliverable D2.3 sets out the background and workplan for delivery of workpackage 5 for the UK and French markets. Work Package 5 involved working with retrofit solution providers (RSPs) and social housing companies to develop energy performance guarentees on the installation of net-zero energy refurbishment packages; working with RSPs to develop (or adopt) delivery protocols, testing regimes and monitoring arrangements; developing and implementing a monitoring system; and considering a certification standard. The result is this Transition Zero combined deliverable 5.1 and 5.2, which acts as a delivery protocol template for social housing companies and RSP’s to achieve optimal performance of the net-zero energy refurbishment products. It defines the structure of the performance guarantee and how this is used in the procurement, build and commissioning, and in-use phases. The objective of optimising performance is trust in, delight about, and value for money for occupants and social housing companies.



Table of Contents

1. Introduction 2

2. Starting point for optimal performance of net-zero energy refurbishment 4

3. Protocol and tools for guaranteed performance 5

Annex 1 - Energiesprong UK – Performance Specification 8

Annex 2 - Energiesprong French – Performance Specification 14

Annex 3 - Energiesprong UK – Performance Measurement Framework 30

Annex 4 – Energiesprong UK Monitoring and Reporting Protocol 36

Annex 5 – Technologies for Energiesprong UK in-situ performance testing, monitoring and

verification 41

Annex 6 - Energiesprong France – Monitoring Protocol 45 This paper reflects only the author’s view and that the Agency (EASME) and the Commission are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.



2. Starting point for optimal performance of net-zero energy refurbishment Before we cover the delivery protocol and tools for achieving optimal performance and warranty of net-zero energy refurbishment packages, it is important to understand the starting point and the objective in moving towards mature market. Firstly, an integrated product with a performance guarantee based on a mass market proposition is new to the refurbishment industry. Business as usual in the building sector is a warranty on products, parts and materials not on performance of an integrated product. Second, current building sector warranties tend to span 5 to 10 years maximum. The Energiesprong objective is a real life reliable performance of 40 years. Third, the responsibility for maintenance and proof of performance must sit with the RSP. RSP’s are therefore also responsible for service, in many cases, a new element to their business. This shift in terms of warranty provision and the balance of responsibility makes a huge impact on the procurement aproach, product price, building process and use phase. To create a mass market, social housing companies must trust that the product offered meets the specified performance. Therefore, RSP’s need to provide this warranty and offer products carrying quality standards. In the Dutch market the new quality standard NOM-Keur is already in place and the first RSP’s have acquired the label. In NOM-Keur, there is not yet a standard guarantee term for social housing. For private owners, the standard is 10 years. When the products are in next phase of development and consist of modules and components mainly off site produced, the performance guarantee will become simpler to prove and standard guarantee terms will be able to be developed. Also, building site inspection will become less crucial since only assembly of components will take place on site. Before there is an industry standard in the new UK and French markets, an interim process should be put in place. Therefore, RSP’s and social housing companies, together with market development teams, have collaborated on the best model for early markets. Because of the long-term warranty period and the performance guarantee of the product, the RSP and social housing companies need to undertake risk analysis and reach a clear agreement on what is reasonable and affordable as part of warranty. In collaboration with the market development team an approach was defined to optimize costs and risk for both stakeholders. For both RSP and social housing companies it creates trust in the quality of the product and insight in the risk of delivering and buying the product. Especially in the new market, confidence in each other and the steps taken to make sure the product peforms as requested is crucial. The approach is to use quality protocols and take steps as early as possible in the process to secure product quality and performance, this also minimises costs and impact on tenants.



3. Protocol and tools for guaranteed performance Guarenteed performance involves performing a three-step protocol:

a) Procurement: specification of the integrated refurbishment product, energy performance guarantee and monitoring and verification requirements and design check

b) Build and delivery: execution of quality protocols during building and upon delivery

c) In-use phase: execution of a monitoring protocol covering product performance, energy use and customer satisfaction

a) Procurement

During procurement the social housing provider should specify: • the level of performance required of the integrated refurbishment package. In the UK

this is the Performance Specification (Annex 1), this is an invitation to tender schedule (which later becomes part of the energy performance contract with the RSP) detailing performance criteria for energy (annual net consumption, heating, hot water, small power allowance, feedback, payments), comfort and health (e.g. temperature, air quality, daylight, noise), installation (time and occupant satisfaction), warranty, maintenance and monitoring, and design appeal. In France this is the Performance Specification (Annex 2), in this document is described mandatory and optional specificaiton to meet for an EnergieSprong Retrofit. Such as the retrofit expactations (occupied retrofit in limited time, isolation of the house, installation of efficient heating, cooling and ventilation systems, installation of monitoring equipments, definition of a monitoring protocol and tenants support during the retrofit), comfort and health conditions (maximum thermal heating needs, domestic electricity, hot water, heating temperature, ventilation, air quality, summer comfort, noise), maintenance phase (maintenance of all equipments having an influence on the E=0, helping tenants with new systems and monitoring, current maintenance) and monitoring (base of mandatory parameters to monitor : Domestic hot water, se heating temperature, heating production, auxiliary production, domestic electricity, solar panel production).

• a quality standard, this is NOM-Keur1 in the Netherlands. The UK and French market development teams have evaluated NOM-Keur at a high level and are set to undertake a more detailed analysis of its potential adoption or the adoption of a comparable industry standard. The UK and FR market is however still too limited in size and maturity for an industry standard to emerge. Standards emerge when convergence of solutions in the market are ready to happen; in the early days this is not only counter-productive but also unsupported by stakeholders (no buy-in in standard yet). However, there is an active low-carbon services sector in the UK so launching a solution is expected to be easily achievable once the market grows and matures.

1 http://stroomversnelling.nl/over-stroomversnelling/nomkeur/



• energy performance calculation methodology and standard for validation. In NL this is the NEN 71202 an official determination method for energy performance of buildings. In the UK building standards are configured around an elemental approach to meet the requirements in ‘Conservation of fuel and power: Approved Document L3’. Given the higher specification and whole-house integrated Energiesprong approach, energy performance significantly exceeds the national standards. Energiesprong solutions are therefore modelled using the Building Research Establishment’s Standard Assessment Procedure 20124 (BRE SAP), the PassivHaus Institutes Planning Package (PHPP)5 or some providers are using a bespoke adaption of the models to incorporate the more advanced aspects of Energiesprong design. In France the PassivHauss standard6 consist of a relevant base to meet EnergieSprong standards at least on the technical part. There is also the new French construction standard E+C- that consist of a good base to limit Carbon emissions of the retrofit.

• the performance measurement framework that defines, for each performance criteria the performance evaluation approach and the implications for underperformance. In the UK this is the Performance Measurement Framework (Annex 3), this is an invitation to tender schedule (which later becomes part of the energy performance contract with the RSP)

• the monitoring and reporting protocol (Annex 4) that provides guidance to the RSP on the specification of the monitoring systems suitable to meet the requirements in the performance measurement framework and RSP performance reporting requirements.

These process steps allow the RSP and social housing companies to evaluate if the proposed product is of the required quality, performance standard, and understand the associated costs and responsibilities. The output is the performance contract covering the above aspects.

b) Build and delivery

To make sure that the build is completed according to design it is necessary for the implementaiton to be evaluated by a specialist. In the Netherlands (BRL 9500-057 and ISSO 82.58) building standards are available. The BRL 9500-05 determines the quality assurance process for the net heat demand of very energy-efficient homes. Reports may only be issued by consultants who are certified in accordance with BRL 9500-05. The ISSO publication 82.5 contains all tools that the consultant needs to comply with the process and reporting requirements in BRL 9500-05. In addition, blowerdoor tests to measure air tightness and infrared pictures to measure heat loss are recommended.

2 https://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NEN-7120C22012-nl.htm 3 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/conservation-of-fuel-and-power-approved-document-l 4 https://www.gov.uk/guidance/standard-assessment-procedure 5 https://passivehouse.com/04_phpp/04_phpp.htm 6 http://www.lamaisonpassive.fr/la-construction-passive/les-criteres-techniques/ 7 https://kennisbank.isso.nl/docs/brl/9500/deel-5/2016 8 https://isso.nl/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads_epa-w/isso_82.5_integraal_v1.7_met_bijlagen_LR.PDF



Although in the UK building standards to assure energy performance are not yet available, testing is taking place on commissioning to assure the solution provider that the design performance has been achieved. This includes both conventional blower door testing and PULSE pressure testing to understand air infiltration rates. Given the higher level of pepperpotted properties in the UK, and hence the greater chance of a retrofitted home neighbouring a non-retrofitted home, solution providers are reviewing the use of thermal flux plates to understand more about the transfer of heat between dwellings and the risk of underperformance this represents. A number of technologies have been identified to provide additional in-situ performance testing, monitoring and verification in Annex 5. In France, same as in UK, additional testing takes place during the commissioning phase with a minimum set of requiremnts as outlined in Annex 6. This includes blower door testing to measure the air tightness and air infiltration rates. Execution of these protocols and tests minimises the risk of construction errors, installation failure, and user complaints.

c) Use phase

The RSP is responsible for providing proof of performance. After commissioning, performance is tracked by the RSP using the protocols agreed in the performance contract. Further investigation might be initiated from flagged parameters for the main monitoring, or by issues being raised by occupiers. RSPs ideally submit to the social housing company an evaluation of the performance data and occupier experience. The review takes place before, during build, just after and one year after commissioning (unless agreed otherwise). As a minimum the evaluation should include: • occupier experience

• a defects report

• energy use data according to monitoring protocol (Annex 4). Such a monitoring protocol has been developed under another Energiesprong focussed EU funded programme. The project E=0 under InterregNWE has funded the development of this protocol and provided the benefit of putting it to the test on the first real life retrofit projects. For completeness it is included in this report as it is an intergral part of the start to finish performance and delivery process.

• proof of inspection (photographs).

Annex 1 - Energiesprong UK – Performance Specification This performance specificaiton is included in UK procurement document and forms part of the final energy performance contract.

Performance Criteria

Requirement Comment References

Ener

gy

space heating energy

<40 kWh/m2/yr While the modelling is based on standard heating regimes the system must be able to achieve 21°C in living room when outside temperature is -5°C. Use SAP 2012 defaults:

• Appendix U for local climate data. • All the rooms of a house are

heated • A demand temperature of 21oC in

the living area and 18oC elsewhere • A weekday heating pattern of 2 hr

on, 7hr off, 7hr on, 8hr off – • A weekend heating pattern of 16

hr on, 8 hr off Use gross internal floor area for this metric.

<30 kWh/m2/yr should be an achievable average at roll out which will help future proof Energiesprong solutions and keep down the risk of high energy prices, policy changes and high-use tenants. Projects should aim for 30 kWh/m2/yr, but we accept that some situations will make this difficult, so up to 40 kWh will be accepted for the pilot projects. This is the useful thermal output power of the heating system, not the electrical input power or primary fuel power.

NL range is 0 – 50 kWh/m2, Passivhaus is 15 kWh/m2. EnerPHit 30 kWh/m2. BREDEM SAP 2012. It is worth revisiting this, and considering lowering to 18°C. See:

http://www.demand.ac.uk/05/11/2014/why-room-temperature-needed-to-be-taken-down-a-notch-the-conversation-4-november-2014/

and more recently here:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09613218.2017.1307647

kWh per annum allowance for lighting,

2,300 kWh/yr. Solution provider to update lighting and standard appliances at installation so it is

2,300 kWh/yr achievable with low-energy lighting and replacement fridge. This is not a limit or maximum but a central figure that will be used in modelling usage and net consumption in a typical

NEED suggests 3,500 kWh & 10,250 kWh as mean gas & electricity consumptions in 2012/2013 in social housing. ofgem TDCV is 3,100 kWh. Electricity figures

cooking and sockets

reasonable that tenants can achieve 2,300 kWh/yr. Gas appliances will need to be replaced where they are fitted.

home - need for careful/messaging engagement with tenants around the tariff. Tenant responsible for replacing lighting and appliances on failure. Consider ‘fair use’ policy to manage risks around irregular consumption. Potential tenant value uplift and engagement opportunities exist around enhancing the specification of appliances, e.g. induction hobs.

will include some heating and social housing is smaller than average 67m3 vs 94m3. Annual allowance of approx. 2,500 kWh has been achievable in NL with some new appliances and lighting. Willmott Dixon have shared paper on consumption in ES properties.

hot water System has the capacity to deliver 200 litres at greater than 45°C (or equivalent at higher temperatures) in one hour. Hot water consumption to be scaled by typical number of occupants (N) 64+26N, in litres. Housing provider sets typical number of occupants so for N=3, 142 litres per day at a tap temperature not less than 45°C. Legionella risks must be addressed by the contractor in the design of their solution and the proposals for how this will be dealt with must be acceptable to housing provider.

It is best to measure temperature at the tap and this should be checked on commissioning. Scaling consumption for typical number of occupants (N) 64+26N provides ~95% confidence water will meet demand.

British Standard recommends 35-45l/person @ 60°C. Also SAP 2012 Table 1b. 55°C at tap point is spec in NL. Measuring Hot Water Consumption in Dwellings found N(umber) of occupants was only significant key factor and suggested 64+26N. Delivery temp of 51.9°C ±1.3°C. New build regs require bath outlet temperatures to be <48°C. HSE Legionella Guidance.

net energy consumption

Net zero over the year should be achievable on certain well orientated house types, allow <1,500 kWh/yr for others. Net consumption is import (kWh) minus export (kWh) over the year.

Reasonably ambitious target which will help future proof Energiesprong solutions and mitigate risk of high energy prices, policy and high-use tenants. Allow flexibility in demonstrator procurement given different house types, orientation and shading. Consider yearly variations in generation. Gas supplies would normally need to be removed to deliver the net consumption target and reduce energy supply costs to the home.

SAP 2012 Appendix U. PVGIS or Microgen Database for PV. Solar PV degrades by up to 0.5%/year.

feedback Provide feedback to tenants against each of the allowances for heat, hot water and appliances energy use. Provide real-time and historical feedback to make comparisons.

Example specification: - Daily appliances energy use, lights energy real

time and v daily targets - Daily hot water consumed v daily target - Internal temperature(s) – real time

Further information in the monitoring protocol.

payments from housing provider

State upfront payment, any ongoing (maintenance/other) payments, and how much the property stands to earn from generating energy.

Will need to cost maintenance plan if done by another party, see maintenance. Average cost of capital rate to be provided by housing provider so solution provider can optimise NPV.

tenant payments

Outline the energy service plan, cost, provisions and additional charges. Illustrate impact against pre-retrofit spending for the low, central and high-use case.

Central case as per heating, hot water and kWh allowances. Low and high cases to be identified by housing provider. Consider setting maximum tenant cost, which could be based on imported electricity costs.

Consumer profiles being developed to consider minimum energy budgets, JRF research and impact on fuel poverty.

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temperature in living room

21°C achievable when outside temperature is -5°C.

There may advantages to using a single time/temperature zone or multiple zones depending on heating technology. Model to demonstrate that solution will achieve target internal temperatures when external temperature is -5°C and use commissioning tests to demonstrate that the system performance is adequate to deliver this.

RdSAP standard (average) heating pattern of 9/16 hours weekday/ weekend. See pages 219-221. Research has found hardly any difference between weekday/weekend heating regimes, and 10 hours’ heating/day is the norm. New-build and system replacement regulations for up to 150m2 require two zones with independent temperature control.

temperature elsewhere

18°C.

control Provide options around heating pattern and whether zoning would be appropriate. Provide an override or ‘boost’ function.

summer overheating

Designed so that less than 11 days a year are over a comfort temperature of 26°C in all rooms, and minimum window opening of 1/20th the floor area or equivalent mechanical ventilation. Assume median climate conditions for 2050.

Some (non-Energiesprong) low-carbon solutions have suffered from overheating. Household behaviour has significant impact on overheating so make sure advice is offered. 108 hours is 1% of summer hours. Consider additional summer shading and secure night-ventilation to meet targets. DCLG regulation work in progress. Add 3°C onto summer monthly mean maximum, use

NHBC Foundation, NF 46, Overheating in new homes, 2012, use 1% of occupied hours. NL use 300 hours rather than 1% of occupied. NCM parameters: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7762/1016185.pdf % occupied hours over 27°C. CIBSE use 3% hours. ZCH report and CIBSE TM52. UKCP09 -

closest Met Office weather station data for last 5 years.

typical increase in average summer maximum temperatures of between 2 and 4˚C by 2050, so use 3°C as median. Met Office Weather Stations. CIBSE TM59.

max air velocity (drafts)

<0.2m/s in heating season where people can be reasonably be expected to sit or sleep.

High air velocities can lead to occupants feeling draughts/cold. Check on commissioning of demonstrators.

Dutch regs/guidelines suggest < 0.15m/s. No Passivhaus guidance found. CIBSE < 0.1m/s. 0.2 m/s < ASHRAE/ISO thermal comfort.

indoor air quality

Retrofit solution to comply with Part F of the Building Regulations as if the retrofitted home was a new dwelling.

For the demos it can be assumed that air-change rates will resolve humidity and CO2 levels, but consider monitoring these in demonstrators.

REMI suggests 40 – 60%. Building Regs Part F set moving average maximums of 65, 75 & 85% for periods of 1m, 1w & 1d respectively. CO2 may be proxy for other contaminents which might be easier to design out, e.g. vent intake near road. CO2 can reach 4000ppm in Winter, 1500ppm or more might be typical. Also see CISBE Guide B, 2005

daylighting

Daylight is not reduced by more than 10% without agreement.

Potential reduction of day lighting as new windows likely to have: thicker frames, lower G-value and greater shading. Glazing is occasionally over provided. Housing providers might prefer to state a maximum Daylight Factor reduction.

Daylight factor between 2 and 5 - CIBSE Lighting Guide 10. ES NL use no reduction in net glazed area.

noise from ES services inside

30 dBA (equivalent to someone whispering a few feet away) absolute limit in living rooms/ bedrooms or where background noise is higher use relative limit of <2 dB.

Consider use of attenuators to reduce fan noise and prevent cross talk between rooms.

BS 8233 no adverse issues < 30 dB. Passivhaus requires sound level exposure through ventilation system less than 25 dB(A). Dutch building regs (since 2012) < 30 dBA. Building regs Part F suggest < 35 dB.

noise attenuation from outside

Noise attenuation from outside and between dwellings is the same or greater than existing.

In quieter houses occupants notice noise from neighbours, so may need to explain that noise from neighbours may seem louder.

and neighbours noise from ES services outside

Noise from Energiesprong equipment will not exceed 42dBA (like bird-song outside) at 1m from window of habitable room.

The most likely source of noise would be an air-source heat pump.

MCS020 provides method for calculating noise levels.

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installation time

Installation time with occupants in-situ < 15 active working days per home. Maximum active time onsite two calendar months

For the demonstrators consider installation day as an active day onsite, on dwell days there should be no scaffolding and homes should be fully functional and safe. Consider managing works before/after and tenants who may be in all day. Consider whether speed is being driven over disruption.

occupant satisfaction

As part of the overall engagement and feedback strategy obtain feedback before, during and after the installation.

Sample occupant satisfaction questionnaire available from Energiesprong UK.

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performance warranty

Aim is to provide guarantee of energy, comfort and health factors so long as maintenance and occupant protocol has been met.

Consider special warranty arrangements for the demonstrators, given that a first of a kind solution will provide insight and feedback, e.g. could include an initial monitoring and improvement period. Consider liability caps. Longer term arrangements may be required to release capital funding.

design life Optimise design to satisfy performance warranty period but state which components are likely to last significantly longer and the advantages this may bring.

Client to consider the expected design life of each component with the solution provider supplying a lifecycle cost which is less than a client specified amount (over the design life based on today’s replacement costs) Typical design life: Walls and roof – 60 years Windows and doors – 20 years Battery 10 years PV – 25 years Air source heat pump – 12 years

MVHR - 12 years with regular filter changes

maintenance Provide a fully costed planned and preventative maintenance protocol for the lifecycle plan. Identify cost and resource requirements for each activity so that they can be costed by a third party.

monitoring Provide sufficient monitoring and logging to be able to exercise performance warranty. Make suitable data privacy and security arrangements.

Additional funding streams may be available to cover additional requirements. See monitoring protocol.

See Monitoring and Reporting protocol.

Desig

n

Kerb appeal, highly attractive design uplift, customer satisfaction

Demonstrate how the solution meets the design brief.

Annex 2 - Energiesprong French – Performance Specification

Annex 3 - Energiesprong UK – Performance Measurement Framework This performance measurement framework is included in UK procurement document and forms part of the final energy performance contract.

Performance Criteria

Requirement Evaluation Underperformance Action

Ener

gy

Space heating energy

<40 kWh/m2/yr Use SAP definition of kWh/m2/yr

Monitoring systems to report in-use performance, including space heating energy consumption and achieved internal temperature. Supplier to certify annually that the property is deemed to meet the SAP 2012 calculation for space heating energy consumption. The Customer to raise where performance of individual measures does not meet the modelled inputs and requires recalculation.

Deemed underperformance of the fabric will increase energy import and costs to the customer and/or tenant. Solution to be rectified or impact to be assessed using Pricing Evaluation Model and contractor to reimburse accordingly.

kWh per annum allowance for lighting, cooking and sockets

2,300 kWh/yr. At commissioning for a typical tenant, the deemed electricity consumption excluding power for heating and hot water has been reduced. Calculations based on the Willmott Dixon Paper, which assumes replacement of all lighting with low-energy types, or alternative provided by the Supplier. Lighting, cooking and other appliances replaced as stated in the tender.

If lighting, cooking and other appliances are not replaced as stated in the tender or do not meet the kWh savings projected in the tender then the impact to be assessed using Pricing Evaluation Model and contractor to reimburse accordingly.

hot water 200 litres delivered >45°C in one hour. 142 litres available per day. Conditions achieved that meet any Legionella provisions identified.

Capacity and temperature of hot water system checked at commissioning. Monitoring system to report hot water consumption by volume (litres/day) and energy consumed.

If hot water system capacity is less than designed or consuming more power than expected for the hot water being supplied or the then solution needs to be rectified or impact to be assessed using Pricing Evaluation Model and contractor to reimburse accordingly.

net energy consumption

<1,500 kWh/yr. Allowing for a provision of 2,300 kWh/yr for lighting, cooking and sockets. Net consumption is import (kWh) minus export (kWh) over the year.

Energy generation systems confirmed to be operational on commissioning. Monitoring system to record total use and generation.

First review kWh consumption for lighting, cooking and appliances to whether consumption over allowance accounts for the underperformance. If energy generation system is underperforming then solution needs to be rectified or impact to be assessed using Pricing Evaluation Model and contractor to reimburse accordingly.

Feedback and information provision

Provide feedback to tenant against each of the allowances for heat, hot water and small power. Provide real-time and historical feedback to enable comparison. Provide a means of informing the current and future tenants of actions to properly use the solution to reduce consumption. As part of the overall engagement and feedback strategy obtain feedback before, during and after the installation.

Check that monitoring system is functioning during commissioning checks. Information provided to the Customer is of sufficient quality to influence tenant behaviour. Sample occupant satisfaction questionnaire available from Energiesprong UK.

If monitoring system is not functioning then contractor to repair system, if it cannot be rectified customer to replace monitoring system at contractor’s cost.

payments from housing provider

Cost of installation, maintenance and repair is at the level agreed during procurement.

As per the payment mechanism. As per the payment mechanism.

tenant payments

Tenant pays £W/month which is based on X kWh average per month @ Yp/kWh, for this they get: 21/18°C heating 2,300 kWh allowance 140 litres hot water/day Additional charges at Zp/kWh. Fee may be increased annually by up to CPI or by another agreed index such as the BG variable rate, but must always be cost reflective.

Check that the amounts billed reflect the agreed charges in the Energy Service Plan.

If tenant bills are higher than expected then solution needs to be rectified or impact to be assessed using Pricing Evaluation Model and contractor to reimburse accordingly.

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temperature in living, dining, kitchen and bathroom

21°C

Achievable when outside temperature is greater than minus 5°C. Use closest Met Office weather station data.

Check operation of heating system and controls is as expected at commissioning. Monitoring system to record internal temperature in at least one of the living or dining room and at least one bedroom.

If heating system is not able to reach temperatures and tenant behaviour is acceptable or controls have not been fitted then solution needs to be rectified by contractor. If adjustments are made to system which increase electricity consumption then impact to be assessed using Pricing Evaluation Model and contractor to reimburse accordingly.

temperature in bedrooms

18°C

control Provide heating time and temperature control with an override or ‘boost’ function.

summer overheating

Designed so that less than 11 summer days a year are over a comfort temperature of 26°C in all monitored rooms Provide minimum window opening of 1/20th the floor area or equivalent mechanical ventilation. Check within median climate conditions for 2050 by adding 3°C to summer monthly max temperatures

Monitoring system to record internal temperatures.

If overheating in excess of the requirements then solution needs to be rectified by contractor. If adjustments are made to solution which increase electricity consumption then impact to be assessed using Pricing Evaluation Model and contractor to reimburse accordingly.

averaged over the previous 5 summers before retrofit.

max air velocity (drafts)

<0.2m/s while heating is active where people can reasonably be expected to sit or sleep.

Check operation during commissioning. Evaluate performance by exception, when issues are reported.

contractor to repair, if it cannot be rectified customer to replace ventilation system at contractor’s cost.

indoor air quality

Retrofit solution to comply with Part F of the Building Regulations as if the retrofitted home was a new dwelling.

Check operation during commissioning. Monitoring system will provide additional information on humidity levels (and CO2 where optionally fitted) and prompt spot checks as required.

daylighting

Daylight is not reduced by more than 10% without agreement.

Check daylight levels are acceptable during commissioning and the solution has been installed as designed.

If daylight levels not as designed then contractor to rectify system, if not rectified customer to remedy at contractor’s cost.

Internal noise from ES services

30 dBA absolute limit in living rooms/ bedrooms or where background noise is higher use relative limit of <2 dBA.

Noise levels to be checked at maximum load or as indicated by customer during commissioning. Check that no aspect of the design reduces noise attenuation and that solution has been installed as designed. Evaluate noise levels by exception, when issues are reported.

If noise levels do not meet specification then contractor to rectify system, If not rectified customer to repair at contractors cost.

noise attenuation from outside and neighbours

Noise attenuation from outside and between dwellings is the same or greater than existing.

External noise from ES services

Noise from Energiesprong equipment will not exceed 42dBA at 1m from window of any habitable room.

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installation time

Installation time with occupants in-situ < 15 active working days per home. Maximum active time onsite two calendar months. For the demonstrators consider installation day as an active day onsite, on dwell days there should be no scaffolding and homes should be fully functional and safe.

Contractor to provide their expected timetable for assessment at tender and report what was actually achieved.

Reasonable direct costs of the housing provider and tenants to be met. Tenants to be compensated for loss of convenience.

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maintenance Maintenance is provided that supports the delivery of all aspects of the performance specification over the length of the warranty period.

Where the maintenance activities are being carried out by the: i. contractor these are being carried

out as per the maintenance plan. ii. customer these are within the cost

and resource provisions set out in the maintenance plan.

The maintenance is sufficient in delivering the performances specification outcomes.

If maintenance is not being carried out by the contractor as per the plan then customer to complete at contractor’s cost. If maintenance exceeds the cost and resource provisions set out in the maintenance plan then contractor to reimburse customer. If maintenance is not sufficient in delivering the performance specification outcomes then customer to complete at contractor’s cost.

monitoring and reporting

Monitoring as required for the paratmeters in this schedule and to meet the minimum requirements in the monitoring and reporting protocol. Reporting to customer as per the monitoring and reporting protocol. Store customer monitoring data securely

Monitoring system installed collects, stores and makes available sufficient information at a high enough resolution to evaluate performance as set out in this performance measurement framework and to fulfil the requirements of the reporting schedule. Contractors and their sub-contractors and other stakeholders should manage data in line with good practice.

If monitoring system is not functioning adequately then the contractor to repair or replace the system, if it cannot be rectified customer to replace monitoring system at contractor’s cost. If a contractor, their sub-contractors or other stakeholders if found to not be managing data in line with good practice then systems and processes to be revised at the contractor’s cost.

Desig

n Kerb appeal, highly attractive design uplift.

Demonstrate how the solution meets the design brief and is desirable to a range of tenants.

Evaluated during procurement process. Maintenance regime adequately protects look and feel througout warranty period by, for example, painting, cleaning and renewal of visible components.

If maintenance is not sufficient to amenity of the home then contractor to carry out restoratory work.



Annex 4 – Energiesprong UK Monitoring and Reporting Protocol

The purpose of this monitoring protocol is to provide:

1. Guidance on the specification of the monitoring systems that has been deemed suitable to

meet the requirements in the performance measuring framework

2. Contractor’s solution performance reporting requirements

Absolute monitoring requirements are provided in the performance measurement framework.

Monitoring requirements cannot be pre-determined for every possible installation of Energiesprong

as it may depend on the technologies chosen and how they are implemented. It is a requirement that

contractors make it clear to their customers where they have diverged from the minimum level

proposed here. It is also recommended that projects consider exceeding the minimum level proposed

here by adding additional sensors, extending functionality and aiming for a higher level of accuracy

and repeatability. The benefits of exceeding this specification will improve the ability to develop

better solutions, provide better energy advice for tenants and reduce the cost of

operation/maintenance and support the development of case studies and policy about the wider

economic, social and health benefits of Energiesprong. A higher level of monitoring specification may

afford solution providers greater ability to support the performance guarantee.

Data Protection and Responsibility

It is vital that relevant data, information and project outcomes and learning can be shared between

stakeholders. Participating countries should understand their responsibilities and best practice with

regard to data protection, this may include never saving names/addresses/IPs in the same database

because of the privacy risk. Solution providers should consider relevant standards, including

ISO29001, ensuring data is held within the EU, the ability to audit and how sub-contractors and other

stakeholders should be suitably bound to requirements. Residents must be made aware of data and

other information sharing and how this will be stored and used, it may be necessary to obtain their

consent.

Costs

Basic monitoring systems for a small number of dwellings can be expensive and the investment

envelope is tight. Costs for monitoring systems are usually split between the capital cost of the

equipment (hubs, sensors, displays, network access points, etc.) and ongoing costs (software licenses,

maintenance/failure, data storage costs and data transmission costs, etc.). Analysing and interpreting

monitoring data can also be expensive, and this often requires specialist skills. These costs could all

be capitalised in the upfront solution cost or spread via a service agreement which could be included

in the maintenance or split between the two.

At scale, there is significant potential for the reduction of all monitoring costs, through bulk-

purchasing, development of low-cost bespoke systems and by integrating with some of the

components which have their own in-built control and monitoring systems.

Recommended Minimum Specification

Unit Frequency Accuracy* Notes

Net

Consumption kWh hourly

To local

electricity

This is import minus export. Negative for net

export, positive for net import.



Unit Frequency Accuracy* Notes

standards or

better

Generation

kWh hourly

+/- 5% of

monthly

total

This is generation less the inverter losses

(measured on the ac side of the inverter(s))

Space Heating °C hourly +/- 0.5°C As a minimum two sensors should be placed in

the main living area and main bedroom.

Hot Water

Litres/

kWh/mins hourly

+/- 5% of

daily

requirement

Hot water delivery should be monitored

according to how it is provided in the

performance specification. If litres, monitor

litres.

Electricity kWh

‘allowance’ kWh hourly

+/- 5% of

monthly

total

This will require an extra electricity sensor

around the lighting and appliance circuits. It

may be derived from total minus energy

module.

Energy services,

e.g. energy

module,

heating,

ancillary

equipment

kWh hourly

+/- 5% of

monthly

total

This may be necessary in measuring the kWh

‘allowance’, but is also recommended in

diagnosing and improving the performance of

the energy services or module. It could be

optionally further split into heat provision and

ancillary equipment (ventilation, pumps,

monitoring).

*The +/- 5% level is reasonably achievable from some lower cost metering solutions; however, issues may arise

if one meter is slow and another fast (but both within the tolerance). ‘Clip-on’ current clamp meters should only

be used where there is also voltage measurement. Reconciling readings back to a fiscal-grade electricity meter

should be considered, in the UK these must be less than fast 1% or slow 2%. Using a fiscal-grade electricity meter

and linking it to the monitoring system might be the most cost-effective option for monitoring electricity.

The metering system should be checked at commissioning and calibrated where necessary.

A means of reporting back to tenants must be provided. This could be an in-home display or a web-

hosted service according to the needs of the tenants and project. ‘Real-time’ feedback should be

considered to help tenants understand where energy is being used. Improving the monitoring system

to enable greater tenant engagement through direct feedback or though energy advice, targeting and

coaching has been shown to deliver significant benefits.

Options to consider

Monitoring of additional characteristics of the performance specification should be strongly

considered:

Characteristic Benefit

Additional

temperature (°C)

Temperatures in other areas might be key to understand fuller performance

of dwelling and overheating.

Humidity Ability to demonstrate better internal environment over existing dwellings

or other solutions.



Characteristic Benefit

Hot water

temperature (°C)

Monitoring storage and delivery temperatures may provide potential for

optimisation through better control methodologies and more accurate

calculation of system performance.

CO2 Enhanced understanding of internal environment may provide health

benefits, may be able to infer occupancy and adapt heating for greater

comfort.

Higher frequency

electricity

monitoring

e.g. every 5 mins. Better understanding of ‘smart’ energy benefits, demand

response, role for electricity storage, peak demand, etc.

External

temperature and

humidity monitoring

Available from internet/local weather stations but local sensors can enable

more precise conditions, be more convenient to analyse and enable more

advanced control of the heating system. External weather should include

wind chill due to its effect on external unshielded walls.

Noise of energy

systems

(internal/external)

Not for regular monitoring but consider measuring at commissioning and by

exception if there is a problem.

Airtightness Not for regular monitoring but consider measuring at commissioning and by

exception if there is a suspected early failure in fabric performance.

Reporting or

dashboarding

Consider providing a reporting or dashboarding functionality to help

housing, maintenance, solution providers with easy summaries of

performance and potential issues.

Heat networks or

communal heating

Consideration should be given to situations were thermal energy is supplied

by a heat network.

Key Analysis questions

The following questions are likely to be key in evaluating the performance of an Energiesprong home

and should be used as a checklist by those engaged in the specification of the monitoring system.

- Did the dwelling deliver net zero in the 12-month monitoring window? This may be difficult

to diagnose with just the minimum monitoring specification.

o If not, why not? (e.g. too much electricity consumption, untypical weather, seasonal

analysis/correction not enough generation, etc.)

o What was the impact of the consumer behaviour?

o How did different concepts compare within the country and across the EU?

- Did the dwelling deliver the heating and hot water requirements?

o Were the allowances appropriate?

o How does the intra-day usage vary?

- How could the Energiesprong solution be improved?

o Did the housing association and solution provider use the monitoring system? Was

the information collected useful?

- How could the monitoring be improved?

o Did the tenants understand the monitoring system?

o Are there further opportunities to engage the tenant or provide other services?

o How often did the tenant use the monitoring system? Did they follow their

consumption throughout the year?



Reporting Requirements

1. The contractor should provide a performance report at regular frequencies set out by the

housing provider. Where underperformance has occurred and the contractor remains in the

defect correction period, a report should be provided at no greater than 12-month intervals.

Where required in the contract, a report that provides 12 months of data demonstrating the

required performance has been achieved will be required to exit the defects period.

Dwelling reference

and postcode

E0-UK-0001 SW1A

No. Occupants If known e.g. 2/3/4/5/6

Occupant Type If known Family, working adults or pensioners

Net Consumption N Zero kWh

Generation G kWh generated

Space Heating S 21°C for 12 hours per day

Hot Water W 140 Litres per day

Electricity kWh

‘allowance’

E 2,300 kWh

Energy module,

heating, ancillary

equipment

M, H, A

x kWh

2. The performance report should take the form of an Excel file as set out below:

Dwelling reference Daily total N G S W E M H A

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 00:00 0.02 0.00 18 0 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 01:00 0.05 0.00 18 0 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 02:00 0.05 0.00 18 0 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 03:00 0.04 0.00 18 0 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 04:00 0.05 0.00 19 0 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 05:00 0.12 0.00 20 0 0.12 0.06 0.06 0.06

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 06:00 0.20 0.00 21 15 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 07:00 1.20 0.10 21 5 1.30 0.65 0.65 0.65

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 08:00 1.02 0.78 21 10 1.80 1.03 1.03 1.03

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 09:00 -0.50 2.00 21 5 1.50 1.07 1.07 1.07

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 10:00 -0.80 2.20 20 0 1.40 1.12 1.12 1.12

… … … … … … … … … …

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 20:00 0.10 1.00 21 5 1.10 0.89 0.89 0.89

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 21:00 0.78 0.00 21 10 0.78 0.65 0.65 0.65

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 22:00 1.24 0.00 21 75 1.24 0.88 0.88 0.88

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 01/03/2019 23:00 0.78 0.00 20 0 0.78 0.45 0.45 0.45

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 02/03/2019 00:00 0.20 0.00 20 0 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 02/03/2019 01:00 0.05 0.00 20 0 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 02/03/2019 02:00 0.08 0.00 19 0 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.04

… … … … … … … … … …

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 03/03/2019 00:00 0.06 0.00 18 0 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03



… … … … … … … … … …

E0-UK-0001 SW1A 04/03/2019 00:00 0.80 0.00 18 0 0.80 0.40 0.40 0.40

3. The excel filename should be made up from the dwelling reference and the last and first date

included in reverse form. For example, for the above “E0-UK-0001 SW1A 20190304

20190301”

4. A short performance statement for each house summarising performance and detailing any

relevant problems/compromises with design and or installation should accompany the report.

Any issues at commission, with maintenance or tenants may be included.



Annex 5 – Technologies for Energiesprong UK in-situ performance testing, monitoring and

verification

The Monitoring Protocol (Annex 4) suggests additional monitoring and performance evaluation

options that a solution provider or housing provider should consider. Whilst these would not be critical

in administering an Energiesprong comfort plan, they would help to better understand the

performance of the retrofits (creating a feedback loop to inform future projects), monitor resident

well-being through improved understanding of indoor air quality and internal conditions and also help

to make the overall business case for future projects. The additional options for consideraiton are:

The following table discusses some possible technologies that could be used for in-situ performance

testing, monitoring and verification against a series of performance themes:

Theme Considerations Cost (£) / complexity (x)

Performance of elements

Unless significantly over engineered, the design of an Energiesprong solution can depend heavily on having a robust understanding of the as-built performance of existing individual elements such as the walls, floors, party wall and glazing systems. Measuring the as-improved performance of these same elements can then also help to verify that design targets have been met. Aspects to assess in this regard can include:

- Thermal transfer – typically measured using heat flux plates mounted in situ on the surface of a heat loss element for a period of 10 days or more to determine in-situ u-values. Here, the University of Salford and others have been exploring technologies that are able to accelerate this measurement process, allowing an in-situ u-value to be determined within 1hr.

- Moisture measurement – can be a good indicator of defects such as rising damp or a failed façade and can be spot checked on-site using moisture meters.

- Structural integrity – aspects such as material densities, loading and overall integrity could be tested pre-works using ultrasonic/echo testing of materials.

- Acoustics – for example, issues across party walls or between intermediate floors and internal walls could be picked up through acoustic metering in-situ pre and post works.

- Visual inspection – as more Energiesprong projects get underway, it is likely that a standardised detailed survey and inspection regime could be developed, inspecting critical elements that will likely have a bearing on the final specification of the solution. Thermal imaging of elements could also play a role here.

£££ xx £ x £££ xxx ££ xx £ x

Whole fabric performance

Often the biggest contributor to poor performance is at the junctions, corners and edges of where different building elements meet. It can therefore be highly beneficial to evaluate the complete fabric system as a whole pre and post works.

- Co-heating – this is a heating decay test method to determine a whole house heat loss coefficient. Whilst conventional means of co-heating can be expensive, disruptive and time consuming, Saint-Gobain are known to be working on lower cost accelerated alternatives that show good correlation with the conventional test method. See QUB/e.

£££ xxx


- Airtightness testing – There is both the option to ‘stress test’ the building fabric at a high pressure such as the conventional 50Pa blower door fan method and also the low pressure 4Pa PULSE method which can be used as a means to determine true infiltration characteristics of a property under normal conditions.

- Thermal imaging – of the whole fabric during the heating season pre and/or post work can highlight issues with thermal bridging etc. Key here is the need to analyse and interpret the images.

£ x ££ xx

Sub-metering Conventional sub-metering often involves the metering of specific circuits or appliances within a building and requires long term monitoring in order to infer insights into usage patterns. For Energiesprong if could be particularly beneficial to sub-meter space heating and hot water and perhaps other building services such as ventilation. The un-regulated loads - appliances, lighting and cooking would be what remains. The emergence of the smart home market with internet of things enabled devices, appliances and smart plugs is making it increasingly possible to understand the specific energy use profile of many electrical devices in the home without the need for dedicated sub-metering infrastructure. It is possible therefore that future solutions could readily incorporate sub-metering as part of a wider smart home hub or similar. A solution that is potentially attractive to not only a solution provider and registered provider but most importantly, the occupant. Organisations such as ETI are already developing products along these lines, with their own ‘Home Energy Management System (HEMS)’, seeking to offer monitoring and control in a single package. Similarly there is Switchee which currently uses sensory information to provide optimised heating control and numerous others such as Alarm, Tendril, Vivint, Blue Line and Eve. In a similar vein there are perhaps also less complex alternatives that could interface with an existing smart meter with additional current clamps installed as required e.g. see iBert.

£££ xx

Internal environment, comfort and wellbeing

Internal environment monitoring is another area that could be similarly taken care of by a more centralised dedicated home energy management system. Environmental conditions that might be monitored could include temperature, humidity, CO2, pollutants, noise, and air movement. A key initial discussion point here could be to explore the respective merits of continuous internal environment monitoring (beyond the basic internal temperature sensors located in the main living space and main bedroom as per the Monitoring Protocol) OR to site a highly sophisticated conditioning monitoring equipment within a space for a set two week period only. This latter option could be explored with NAQTS

£££ xxx £££ xxx


where the equipment may be taken on loan with a comprehensive indoor air quality assessment of a home completed within 14 days. Again, there are also solutions such as Switchee which takes sensory information and uses a proprietary algorithm to provide heating system control. A device providing heating control as a primary function but monitoring many aspects of a home as a background activity. There are also innovation opportunities in relation to better embedding sensors into homes that are low cost, easy to run and unobtrusive e.g. see disruptive technologies sensors.

Water Hot water use is already covered by the Monitoring and Reporting Protocol. A strategy for metering wider water usage may however be something else solution providers may wish to look at. This would depend on whether water is included within a service plan and also to the extent to which the use of water may affect the overall performance and affordability of an ES solution. Unlikely to warrant monitoring and evaluation in the short term.

££ xxx

External environment The two principal options here are to either rely upon existing local weather station data or historical weather data or for service providers to monitor the local climate direct through the deployment of a weather station in close proximity to the ES development. The latter can cost in the region of £500 - £3,000 and come with complex considerations in relation to siting e.g. exposure, durability and risk of vandalism/theft.

££ xxx

Heat networks/ communal heating

Heat metering and thermal imaging options subject to applicability.

Annex 6 - Energiesprong France – Monitoring Protocol

• What is the importance of monitoring? - To ensure the retrofitted dwellings meet the EnergieSprong E=0 kWh/year standard - To raise awareness among the tenants on energy efficiency and prevent as much as possible any behaviours that could lead to a positive overall

energy consumption E>0 kWh/year - To prove the relevance of the Energy Performance fee

• For whom is it important?

- Contractors: to learn from their first pilots and improve their solutions, to anticipate any defect in the retrofit and reaching E=0 - Housing Association: to compare different projects, to ensure the performance fee charge - Tenants: to understand and control better their consumption, and reduce their energy charge and take in consideration the performance fee

• What has been agreed around monitoring so far?

- Agreement on the basic parameters to monitor (see list below) and if contractors wants to over monitor, it should not impact the overall retrofit cost

6 parameters Value measured Comments

Domestic Hot Water L & kWh Measure water volume and energy consumption, it is not necessary to measure water temperature

Set heating temperature °C Only in the main room

ð Favour simple to use and efficient devices (ex: Raspberry Pi + Temperature sensor + screen)

Heating production kWh

Auxiliary production kWh Total energy use of axillary installations, including ventilation

Domestic electricity kWh All the electricity consumed thru outlets (including kitchen appliances, etc.) + lighting

Solar panel energy production kWh

Possible Options: - CO2 sensor: measure 1 dwelling out of 10, for example, can be enough because this type of devices can be expensive - Weather station: one station is useful for the same area

Other technical aspect to consider with the monitoring:

- The choice of the network protocol between devices is important because it impact the devices that can be used and the cost of new devices; - The amount of data collected should be considered: choose between cost of stocking the data and precision of the consumptions.

The system interface with tenants may take in consideration the following aspects:

- Simple and ergonomic visualisation: easy to see the basic indicators (domestic hot water, heating, specific electricity consumption, etc.); - Monetary transcription of the energy consumption; - Consumption of specific appliances; - Time-based consumptions (week, month, year to date); - Comparison of the consumption between real value and target value; - Advise on energy efficiency actions.

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