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Health Care Waste
Hospital waste
Public Health DepartmentFaculty of Medicine
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SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The student will be able :
to define the health care-waste
to describe the classification of health care- waste
to describe the sources of health care waste
to describe risks associated with health care waste
to describe the health impacts of health care waste
to describe the handling, storage and transportation
of health care waste- to describe the treatment and disposal technologies
for health care waste
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References
Prss A, Giroult E, Rushbrook P, eds. SafeManagement of Wastes from Health-care
Activities. Geneva: World Health Organization,
1999. WHO,Pruss,Giroult,Rushbrook, ed., Safe
Management of wastes from health-careactivities, Geneva, 1999,. Chapter:2,3,7,8
Health care waste and its safe management :http://www.healthcarewaste
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X
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Never recap the needle
X X
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Always place the syringe and needle ina safety box immediately after use
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1. Definition the health care-waste
Health care waste includes all the wastegenerated by health care establishment,research facilities, and laboratories
- 10-25 % of health care waste is regarded ashazardous and may create a variety of healthrisk
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Categories of health care waste
No Waste category Description and example1 Infectious waste Waste suspected to contact pathogens.
Exp. Lab culture, tissues, material orequipment
2 Pathological waste Human tissues or fluide.g body parts, blood, body fluids
3 Sharps Sharp wasteEg. Needles, infusion sets, scalpels,knives, broken glass.
4 Pharmaceuticalwaste
Waste containing pharmaceutical
Eg. phar. Expired.
5 Highly infectious
waste
Consists in microbial culture and stockof highly infectious agent from medical
analysis laboratories. Eg. Body fluids
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3. The sources of health care waste
The sources of health care waste can beclassified as
1. Major sources of health care waste
2. Minor sources of health care waste
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Major sources of health care waste
1. Hospital
2. Other health care establishment
3. Related laboratories and researchcenters
4. Mortuary and autopsy centers
5. Animal research and testing
6. Blood banks and blood collection services
7. Nursing home for elderly
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Other health care establishment
Emergency medical care services Health care centers and dispensaries Obstetric and maternity clinics
Outpatient clinics Dialysis centers First aid posts and sick bays Long term health care establishment and
hospices Transfusion centers Military medical services
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Related laboratories and research centers
Medical and biomedical laboratories
Biotechnology laboratories and institutions
Medical research centers
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Minor sources of health care waste1. Small health care establishments
Physicians office
Dental clinics
Acupuncturist
Chiropractors
2. Specialized health care establishments and institutionswith low waste Convalescent nursing homes
Psychiatric hospitals
Disabled persons institutions
3. Non health activities involving intravenous or
subcutaneous interventions Cosmetics ear piercing and tattoo parlours Illicit drug users
4. Funeral services
5. Ambulance Services
6. Home treatment
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Risk associated withHealth Care Waste
All individuals exposed to healthcare waste arepotentially at risk of being injured or infected.They include :
1. Medical staff : doctors, nurses, sanitary staffand hospital maintenance personnel
2. In and out patients receiving treatment inhealth care facilities as well as visitors
3. Workers in support services : laundries, waste
handling and transportation services4. Workers in waste disposal facilities5. The general public , children playing with the
items they can find in the waste outside the
healthcare facilities.
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The general public can be infected by health carewaste directly or indirectly through several routesof contaminations
- recycling reuse of syringe- unsafe injection practices
- sale of recovered drugs in the informal sector
( elimination of expired drugs is uncontrolled) The dumping of health care waste in uncontrolled
areas can have a direct environmental effect bycontaminating soils and underground waters
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d f f d h
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Hazards from infections waste and sharps
Type infections
1. Gastrointestinal infections2. Respiratory infections3. Ocular infection4. Genital infection
5. Skin infection6. Anthrax7. AIDS8. Haemorhagic fever9. Septicaemia10. Bacteriaemia11. Candidaemia
12. Hepatitis, A, B,C
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Hazards from chemical and pharmaceuticalwaste
Toxic
Genotoxic
Corrosive Flammable
Reactive
Explosive Shock sensitive
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Hazards from radioactive waste
Health care workers, waste handling orcleaning personnel at risk
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Public Health impact of health carewaste
Impact of infectious waste and sharp
Impact of chemical and pharmaceuticalwaste
Impact of genotoxic waste
Impact of radioactive waste
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The management of waste
Step 1 : waste management
Step 2 : health care waste generation
Step 3 : segregation and containerization
Step 4 : intermediate storage
Step 5 : internal transport
Step 6 : centralized storage
Step 7 : external transport
Step 8 : treatment and final disposal
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6 the t eatment and disposal technologies
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6. the treatment and disposal technologiesfor health care waste
1. Incineration
2. Chemical disinfection
3. Wet and dry thermal treatment4. Microwave irradiation
5. Land disposal
6. Inertization
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