* GB785583 (A) Description: GB785583 (A) ? 1957-10-30 Improvements in or relating to an injection syringe Description of GB785583 (A) COivltLETE SPECIFICATION i prozeelents in or relating to an Inection Syringe We > AMERICAN tiOME PRODUCTS CORPORA TION, a Corporation organised and existing under use Laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, ot 22, least 40th street, in the City, County ana State ot islew xoriz, united States of America (Assignee of Morris Daun and John J. s;ecerson), do heresy declare the invention, for which we pray that a extent may oe granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the ioliorw- mg statement: This invention concerns an injection syringe which is adjustable to receive a plurality of ampoules or cartridge-needle units or different capacities, e.g. of 1 and 2 cc. capacity or fractions
Transcript
* GB785583 (A)
Description: GB785583 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to an injection syringe
Description of GB785583 (A)
COivltLETE SPECIFICATION i prozeelents in or relating to an Inection Syringe We > AMERICAN tiOME PRODUCTS CORPORA TION, a Corporation organised and existing under use Laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, ot 22, least 40th street, in the City, County ana State ot islew xoriz, united States of America (Assignee of Morris Daun and John J. s;ecerson), do heresy declare the invention, for which we pray that a extent may oe granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the ioliorw- mg statement: This invention concerns an injection syringe which is adjustable to receive a plurality of ampoules or cartridge-needle units or different capacities, e.g. of 1 and 2 cc. capacity or fractions thereof respectively. The conventional metal syringe body adapted to be used with a one-shot ampoule or cartridge-needle unit is designed to receive and be used with an ampoule of one size only. The versatility of such a syringe can be advantageously increased by designing it to accommodate ampoules of two or more different capacities. It is an object of this invention to provide such a syringe having simple and effective means for adjusting it to be used with ampoules of different capacities. Ampoules may vary in capacity by varying in diameter or in length. If they vary in diameter, difficulty is experienced in providing simple means for holding all sizes rigidly centred in the syringe body. Accordingly the present syringe is designed to be used with ampoules of uniform diameter and varying length. If ampoules of different lengths are used in one syringe, means must be provided to prevent the
plunger being inadvertently withdrawn from the shorter ampoules. This prevents not only drug losses, but also possibility of contamination. The present invention incorporates such means. The syringes of this invention may be adapted for use with a separate ampoule and injection needle or, preferably, with a cartridge-needle unit comprising a drug-filled ampoule wih an attached shielded needle as disclosed in United Kingdom Patent Specification No. 754,835. According to the present invention an adjustable injection syringe adapted to receive and De used with ampoules ot different lengths but of the same diameter has a plunger or push rod with means for positively engaging the plunger of an ampoule, and has exteriorly adjustable stop means adapted in one position to engage the push rod and limit its movemenr towards the proximal end of the syringe and adapted in another position to permit free passage of the push rod. The invention will be described further by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view, partly cut away, oi one construction of our syringe containing a cartridge-needle unit; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross-section on line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a cross-section on line 44 of Fig. 2; Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are views, partly in section, or a syringe having a modified stop; Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a syringe, designed for use with ampoules which are not threaded into the syringe barrel; Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a syringe designed for use with ampoules d three different sizes, and Fig. 10 is a sectional view on line 10-10 of Fig. 9. In the drawings the numeral 1 indicates the barrel of a syringe body containing a cartridge-needle unit 2. The latter consists of an ampoule 3 having affixed in its distal end a sheathed injection needle 4, as illustrated in Fig. 3 of Specification No. 754,835. The capacity of the ampoule 3 as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 is 1 cc. The barrel 1 of the syringe is extended proximally at 5 to accommodate an ampoule 6 of 2 cc. capacity as illustrated in Fig. 7. Barrel 1 is provided on both sides with windows or apertures 7 and 8 to facilitate manipulation of ampoules while loading the syringe and to permit viewing of aspirated blood when necessary. The barrel 1 is provided at its proximal end with a head 9 hinged on pivots 10 and 10', permitting the head to be swung aside for loading the syringe. The head 9 has an internal cylindrical bore 11 in which
is slidably mounted a sleeve 12 provided midway of its length with an internal flange 13; in the position shown in Fig. 2 this sleeve is received in the proximal end 14 of the barrel 1. The head 9 is closed at its proximal end by a wall 15 pierced by an axial hole 16. Two opposed slots 17 and 171 are provided in the side wall of head 9 near wall 15. A plunger rod 18 passing through the hole 16 in the head 9 is slidably mounted axially in the syringe barrel 1. At its distal end the rod 18 is provided with a flange 19 of a diameter sufficiently small to enter ampoule 3, and has a short internally threaded axial bore 20 adapted to mate with the threaded insert usually provided in the ampoule plunger. At its proximal end the rod 18 is provided with a thumb piece 21 cooperating with finger pieces 22 and 22l attached to the head 9 to resist opposing pressure of thumb and fingers of the user during injection. In the form of construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, the rod 18 is of larger diameter 23 throughout its distal portion and of smaller diameter 24 throughout its proxima portrv,g, except that near the thumb piece 21 it may be gradually enlarged at 231 by a taper 24l to the same diameter as at 23, as shown in Fig. 2; the meeting of the two portions of different diameter near the middle of the rod is defined by a shoulder 25. An adjustable locking slide or stop 26 is slidably mounted in slots 17 and 171, the slide having an aperture 27 through which the rod 1g passes. One portion of the aperture 27 is large enough to permit the large part (23) of rod 18 to pass; the other portion of the aperture 28 is of only sufficient size to permit passage of the smaller part (24) of the rod. A helical compression spring 29 surrounds the plunger rod within the head 9, one end bearing on the flange 13 of the sleeve 12, and the other on a brass cup washer 15l which in turn bears on adjustable slide 26. This spring has a double function; it maintains sleeve 12 in the bore of the proximal end 14 of barrel 1 when the syringe is prepared for injection but permits withdrawal of the sleeve to permit swinging the head aside for loading, and it forces the brass cup 15l against the slide 26 thus holding the slide friction-tight against the sides of the slots 17 and 171. Small protruberances 30 and 30' may be provided on the slide 26 to engage with the edge regions of head 9 bounding the slots 17 and 17l and thus to aid in retaining die slide, in the posidon in which the aperture engages the iarger diameter part 23 of the rod 18 or as shown, that in which it engages the smaller diameter part 24 of this rod. The operation of the syringe illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 is as follows: If the user wishes to give a lcc.
invention ha sides the ajjusi- able slide or stop 26 so that the 2 cc. indicium 31 is exposed, thus permitting the large portion (23) of the rod 18 to be withdrawn through the opening 27 in the slide 26. By withdrawal of the rod until the flange 19 acting on the flange 13 compresses the spring 29 so that the sleeve 12 is drawn free of the end 14 of the barrel 1, the user may swing the head 9 aside and load the syringe with a 1 cc. cartridge. The needle is formed with a threaded hub 38 engaging a threaded opening 9 in the barrel and -x i-,h an extension which penetrates the hub 38, which acts as a stopper in the end of the ampoule. Through aperture 7 the hub 38 is screwed home into the opening 39. After engaging the threaded bore 20 vvith the ampoule plunger, the user shifts the slide 26 to expose the 1 cc. indicium 32 so that the narrow portion 24 of the rod 18 passes through the restricted part of the opening 28 of the slide 26. The user may then remove the needle sleeve. insert the needle in the patient and aspirate a small amount of tissue fluid to determine whether or not a blood vessel has been entered. During aspiration and general handling of the syringe, the shoulder 25 on the rod 18 preverics inadvertent withdrawal of the plunger from the 1 cc. ampoule, the shoulder being so located that it will engage the slide 26 before the plunger is pulled free. On completion of the injection, the entrance of the taper 241 and the enlargement 23' of the rod 18 into the aperture of the slide 26 forces the latter into the position exposing the 2 cc. indicium. This prepares the syringe for unloading-tue reverse of the loading operation described above. If the user wishes to use a 2 cc. ampoule, he proceeds as above described through the step of loading and closing the syringe, but thereafter leaves the 2 cc. indicium on the slide exposed. In fact he cannot shift the slide since the large part (23) of the rod 18 passes through the enlarged opening 27 of tue slide 26. With a 2 cc. cartridge filling the entice barrel of the syringe there is no risk of inadvertently pulling the ampoule plunger out of the ampoule. Figs. 5 to 7 illustrate a modified form of syringe operating on the same principle as that shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and 8, but having a different form of stop. In Figs. 5 to 7, elements identical with those already described are designated by the same reference numerals, while those that are analogous but somewhat different in form are designated by reference numerals increased by 100. similarly analogous but different parts in Figs. S and 9 are indicated by reference numerals increased by 200 and 300 respectively. The syringe illustrated in Fig. 5 has a barrel 101 having windows 107 and 108 in its sides.
A head 109, pivoted on the barrel at 10 and 10l is the same in form as the head 9 except that it lacks the slots 17 and 17'. A spring 129 is longer. than the spring 29 and its proximal end bears directly on an end wall 115 of the head 109. A slot 117 is provided in the side of the barrel 101. A leaf spring 126 is attached to the barrel adjacent the slot by a rivet 33. Th spring 126 is biased outwardly so that normally it lies parallel to the barrel as shown in Fig. 7. A slide 34 is mounted on the barrel 101 by means of two studs 35 passing through slots 36 in the slide. A rectangular opening 40 is formed in the middle of the slide 34 of sufficient width and length to permit the spring 126 to lie outside of the bore of the barrel when slide 36 is moved to the left, as shown in Fig. 7, but sufficiently short to depress the spring 126 into the barrel bore when the slide 34 is moved to the right, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. When the spring 126 is forced into the barrel by the slide 34, it acts as a fixed stop to limit movement of the flange 19 when the rod 118 is retracted. The position of the spring and slide longitudinally of the barrel is such that, when the syringe is used with a 1 cc. ampoule and the spring 126 is depressed, accidental withdrawal of the ampoule plunger is prevented. The method of use 6f this modification with 1 cc. and 2 cc. ampoules is analogous to that of tlie previously described form of construction, due consideration being given to the difference in construction of the stop. The previously described embodiments of the invention are designed for use with cartridge-needle units which may be firmly secured in the syringe barrel by means of the threaded needle hub which mates with the threaded hole in the distal end of the barrel and which is crimped firmly on the ampoule as described in the aforementioned Specification No. 754,835. By a simple modification of the stop, illustrated in Fig. 8, the syringe may be adapted for use with conventional separate needles and ampoules. In this case provision must be made for avoiding retraction of the ampoule as well as accidental withdrawal of the plunger. In Fig. 8 a conventional double pointed needle 204 with a threaded hub 241 is screwed into the distal end of a barrel 201 at 39. A conventional 1 cc. ampoule 203 is then placed in the barrel and forced forward by finger pressure through the windows 207 until the needle pierces a stopper 238. In order to introduce the ampoule, a thumb screw 234, mounted in a bracket 235 riveted to the barrel 201 at 233, is unscrewed, permitting an outwardly biased spring 226 to retract from the barrel through a slot 217. The distal end of the spring 226 is formed with two projections 242 and 243, the former of which
engages a flange 219 ot the plunger rod 218 and the latter the proximal end of the ampoule 203 when the rod 218 is retracted. The method of use of this syringe is obvious from the previous descriptions. Finally Pig. 9 illustrates a syringe designed tG hold ampoules oi. three sizes, e.g. ().5 cc., I cc. and 2 cc. The barrel 1 has the same form as shan in: Figs. 1 and 2; in Fig. 9 it is shown containing a 2 cc. ampoule 6. The plunger rod 318, head 309 and stop or slide 326 are however of different form. The rod 318 has segments of three different diameters, that at the distal end 323 being largest and that at the proximal end 324 being smallest; the middle portion 324l has an intermediate diameter. Shoulders 325 and 3251 define the meeting of the segments. The rod 318 passes through a stop 326 mounted in slots 317 and 317l (Fig. 10) in the head 309; the stop is pressed against the proximal edges of the slots by spring 29, and is retained by a pin 335 passmg through a slot 336. 1 he opening in the stop 326 is of a modified clover-leat shape, having three lobes of different diameters; the largest jZ7 permits passage of the rod segment 323, the smallest 328 permits passage only of the rod segment 324, and the intermediate lobe 32bl permits the intermediate segment 324l but not tue largest segment 323 to pass. It will be noted that the slot 317 is wider than 317l so that stop 326 may be both slid and swung on a pin 335, thus bringing any desired lobe of the opening into alignment with the rod 318. The longitudinal positions of shoulders 3251 and 325 correspond to the lengths of 0.5 cc. and 1 cc ampoules respectively. The method of use of this syringe should be clear from the description of the use of the syringe of Figs. 1 to 4. In the description and claims the term "distal" indicates a direction towards the needle end of the, syringe, and "proximal" the opposite direction. What we claim is: 1. An adjustable injection syringe adapted to receive and be used with ampoules of different lengths but of the same diameter having a plunger or push rod with means for positively engaging the plunger of an ampoule, and having exteriorly adjustable stop means adapted in one position to engage the push rod and limit its movement towards the proximal end of the syringe and adapted in another position to permit free passage of the push rod. 2. An adjustable injection syringe adapted to be used with ampoules of different lengths but 'of the same diameter, the ampoules being provided with a plunger having means for positive
attachment to the plunger or push rod of the syringe, said syringe comprising a barrel, an opening at the distal end of the barrel, means
* GB785584 (A)
Description: GB785584 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Means for cooling or heating of goods
Description of GB785584 (A)
GOPLETE SPECIFICAI5ION Means for Cooling or Heating of Goods We, SANDVIKENS JERNVERICS AKTIEBOLAG a Swedish Company, of Sandviken, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly idescribed! in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to means. for the cooling or heating of goods, said means being of the kind comprising an endless heat-conducting conveyor belt, preferably of thin metal, beneath one or each strand of which is disposed a tank trough or 'like container filled on adapted to be filled with a cooling or heating liquid up to the underside of the belt, so that the said belt travels in direct contact with the liquid, the latter being supplied to the container under pressure and overflowing laterally beneath the underside of the belt adjacent the edges thereof. An example of such cooling and heating means is described in British patent Specification No. 570,827. In the aforesaid known cooling and heating means, the strand of the belt has been supported upon longitudinal slide bars of metal carried by the sides of the container, the liquid overflowing laterally between said slide bars and the underside of the belt under the influence of the positive pressure applied to the liquid. Such known means' have proved to be generally suitable for their purpose, but with very heavy loads they have had certain limitations in practice. Thus, the supports for the belt, including transverse supports at the ends of the liquid container, have tended to wear and form sharp edges which can cause damage to the belt Also, as is well-known, a steel
belt is somletimes. not quite even, and therefore the liquid will, in such a case, have an unequal discharge along the length of the belt, so that cooling or heating inefficiency results. The object of the present invention, is in cooling or heating means of the kind referred to, to obviate the disadvantages. mentioned mentioned above. According to the invention, in cooling or heating means of the kind referred to, the conveyor belt rests on supporting means located within the liquid container, and adjacent the longitudinal edges of the said container are flexible resilient strips 'co-operating with the underside of the belt and arranged to permit of lateral discharge of the liquid Ibetween said strips and the belt under the influence of positive pressure applie.dt to the liquid. The said resilient strips may also be applied to or adjacent the transverse end edges of the container, so as to extend transversely beneath the belt. The strips may be carried by ithe side walls of the container and may be clamped thereto. The supporting means within the container may consist of rollers or wheels mounted on a transverse shait The liquid may be supplied to the container though one or more feed tubes of which at least one is directed so as to deliver liquid in a direction parallel with the bottom of the container or downward towards. the boitirm. The feed tube or each tube may be directed so as to deliver the liquid against that transverse end wall, over which the belt passes first.. The feed may be effected by means of one or more longitudinal tubes lying along the bottom of the container and having a series of discharge holes directed substan tally parallel with. the bottom of the container and/or downwards towards the, bottom. Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a crossection through the apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the invention... Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional view on a larger scale through the upper portion of one side of the tank, showing the flexible strip which forms the feature of the present invention.. Figure 3 is a plan view of the apparatus with a portion of the belt broken away and with a different form of water feed indicated. figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view through the overflow channel, showing the tank in side elevation and without the belt, Figure 5 represents an underside view of a modified form of water feed device. Referring to Figures 1 to 4 of the said drawings, the apparatus comprises a tank or like container 11 supplied with liquid (such as water) under pressure for cooling or heating purposes, the liquid, in the first case (cool ing), being at a lower temperature and in the
second case (heating), being at a higher temperature than the transported goods carried on a thin endless conveyor belt 12 composed of heat-conducting material, such as metal, and travelling in the direction of the arrow marked on Figure 3 This belt is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3!, being partly broken away in Figure 3 and being entirely omitted in Figure 4. Its underside is in contact with the liquid in the tank and rests on supporting means located within the tank, namely, as shown, upon rollers or wheels 13 mounted upon transverse shafts supported by brackets; or horizontal rails in the upper part of the tank could be employed as the supporting means. Figure 3 indicates the position of a number of these roller supporting means spaced along the length of the tank, and it also indicates a similar supporting device which supports the belt in advance of the tank or bettseen two tanks.. On suitable supporting means, such as the side walls 14 of tfre tank 11 in the example illustrated, are mounted resilient strips 15, which may be of rubber or rubber-like material, or they may be of thin steel. These strips, may, as shown, be fastened to the wall 14 of the tank by means of clamping plates 1S, sectired by bolts, so that the top edges of the strips project above the tank wails and make contact with the underside of the belt 12. Such strips may also be applied to the transverse end walls of the tank so as to extend transversely of the belt in contact therewith. The tank 11 may be manufactured in any welIwknown manner with the object that rite liquid therein shall be in contact with the underside of the belt At each side of the tank, in the example illustrated) is an overflow channel 19 into which the liquid overflows, under the pressure applied to it, from the tank by passing beflveen the underside of the belt and the list or strip 15, as is indicated in Figures 1 and 2. The flexible strips 15 may be supported otherwise than by the tank, so long as they contact the underside of the belt and normally close the overflow opening between the tank and the belt. The flexible upper edges of the said strips 15 may make contact with the belt at any angle between 0" and 90C to the vertical. The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The goods. that are to be cooled are transported on the belt 12 in the direction of the length of the tank 11 to which liquid cooling medium is supplied under pressure. The cooling is effected by 'the transfer of heat from the goods, through the belt and to the cooling liquid which is arranged, by the arrangement of its feeding and discharge means, to flow or
circulate through the tank. The liquid overflows from 'the tank -between the underside of the belt 12 and the flexible strips 15, the upper edges of the latter flexing outwards as the water passes bessveen the parts, so that a thin film of water prevents direot contact between said strips and the belt while the apparatus is in operation. If, however, this film of water should disappear, as, for example, by reason of an abnormal temporary overload, the contact that results between the belt and the strips will not cause any damage owing to the elasticity of the latter. From the overflow channels 19 the water may either be run to waste or returned to the tank such as by means of a pump. During the cooling operation the goods are, as above described, moved over .the length of the tank so as to be progressively cooled; and if greater cooling is needed the belt may travel over two or more tanks arranged in series. In some cases the temperature of the liquid in a series of tanks may be different in successive tanks, suitable for progressive cooling or heating at a belt-travel speed suitable for the character of the goods.. For heating 'the goods the transfer of heat takes place, of course, in the reverse direction to that for cooling, namely from a hot liquid through the belt and to the goods, but this does nct involve any constructional difference in the apparatus. With goods having a high liquid content, such as gelatine, there may be provided at the sides of tha belt, as described in British specification No. 57O,827. suitable retaining devices, such as flanges, bands, chains or the like, either separate from or attached to the belt. The upper edge portions of the strips 15 may be of various cross-sectional forms. Thus. instead of being of uniform thickness as shown in the drawings, they may have circular solid or hollow beadings, or may be notched, or may be permanently shaped to curve or incline outwards towards the overflow channels. Or, with tanks of a shape other than rectangular, the disposition of the strips 15 may vary according to the shape of the tank, and they may accordingly be disposed longitudinally obliquely or in a curved form in plan. The feeding of the liquid into the tank may take place as sholvn in Figure 1, by means of a single perforated tube 25 the holes in which may direct the water downwards directly towards the bottom of the tank, or obliquely upwards and/or downwards, or in a direction parallel to the bottom of the tank. Or, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the feed may be by means of a spray tube 20 having a curved upper outlet end which directs the liquid in a direction parallel to the
bottom, of the tank. The purpose of the outflow direction describes above is to iolbtain a turbulent liquid current in the tank in order to obtain a uniform and effective heating or cooling, thereby necessitating a smaller quantity of liquid and reducing the risk of deformation of the belt 'and unsuitable temperature differences of rhe 'goods being treated In Figure 3, the spray tube 20 is directed against the end wail 17 of the tank in order to obtain suitable directions of .current flow, but this direction is only one of many other possible dispositions of the inlet tube. Said tube 20, is, in Figure 3, also placed adjacent to that end wall of the tank which is the first end wail over which the belt passes in its longitudinal travel, in order to obtain uniform heating or cooling. Further, in Figure 3 is shown also a discharge tube 22 in the bottom lof the tank, this being used when the tank is to 'be emptied. For heating purposes,. the liquid sed may be water at a temperature of 80 to 90 C. In Figure 5 is shown an alternative form of liquid feed device which in certain cases may be advantageous (only the tube is shown). Along the tank extends perforated tube branches 24 of bifurcated form, fed with liquid from a common inlet tube 23. The branches are provided with a series. of discharge openings directed either downwards or parallel; with the bottom iof the tank.. The same tank may be provided with a number of these inlet fittings. The purpose of the horizontal or downward direction of the openings is here, as in the previously-described arrangement, to obtain a turbulent liquid stream. The openings should not be very small, as this would result in an undue loss in pressure which would involve The need of a large circulation pump. The delivery of the goods on to the belt may take place in any convenient manner, for instance, jn the manner described in the British Specification No 57O,827. Thus there may be an inclined delivery chute or flanged plate, with means for spraying the goods. It is to be understood that the term " goods" used in this specification and in the claims is intended to include within its scope any articles or any material, including plastic, fluid and other substances, such as substances' that are capable of being solidified or crystailised by the abstraction of heat therefrom, and any material to be dried or which requires to have its temperature raised in the course of treatment. What we clan is: - 1. Means of the kind referred to for cool ing or heating goods, wherein the conveyor belt rests on supporting means located within the liquid container, and flexible resilient strips are provided adjacent the longitudinal edges of the container, said strips co-operating with
the underside of the belt and being arranged to permit iof lateral discharge of withe liquid between said strips and the belt under the influence of positive pressure applied to the liquid. 2. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 1, wherein resilient strips co-.operating with the underside of the belt are also provided adjacent the transverse end edges of the container, so as to extend transversely beneath the belt 3. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 1. or 2, wherein the resilient strips are carriedi by the side, or side and end, walls of the container. 4. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 3, wherein the resilient strips are secured to the walls of the container by clamping means. 5 Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the supporting means within the liquid container consists of rollers or wheels mounted on a transverse shaft 6. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid is supplied to the container through one or more feed tubes of which at least one is 'directed! so as to deliver liquid in a direction parallel with the bottom of the container or downwards towards the bottom. 7. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 68 wherein the feed tube or each feed tube is directed so as to deliver the liquid against that transverse end wall of the container over which the belt passes first. 8. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 6, wherein the liquid feed is effected by means of one or more longitudinal tubes lying along the bottom of the liquid container and having a series of discharge holes directed substantially parallel with the bottom of the container and/or downwards towards the bottom. 9. Means for 'cooling or heating goods substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or Figures 1 and 2 in conjunction with Figures 3 and 4 or Figure 5, of the accompanying drawings.~ ~~~
* GB785585 (A)
Description: GB785585 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in soil excavating apparatus
Description of GB785585 (A)
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PATENT SPEGWFICATN Inventos:-MATTHEW PATON WALKER. Date of filing Complete Specification: July 23, 1956. Application Date: April 16, 1956 No 1 I-498 /56. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30,1957. Index at Acceptancee:-Class 68 ( 1), P 10. International Classification:-E 21 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in Soil Excavating Apparatus. We, NEWBRIDGE PLANT SERVICES LIMITED, a British Company, of 122-124 High Street, Hounslow, Middlesex, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to soil excavating apparatus of the type including a boom pivoted to a supporting structure mounted on or adapted to be mounted on a tractor so as to be raised and lowered by a hydraulically operated boom ram about a substantially horizontal axis, and carrying at its outer end a dipper arm pivoted on the boom for movement through the medium of a dipper ram, said dipper arm supporting a scoop tiltably mounted at the arm's outer end and adapted to be tilted with respect to the dipper arm by another hydraulic ram usually referred to as the crowd ram; all the rams have fluid connections adapting them to be powered by pressure fluid supplied from the tractor, and the boom is constructed for slewing on a
substantially vertical axis about a king post carried on the aforesaid supporting structure The foregoing is a known kind of excavator apparatus and no claim is made herein to the same per se; it is hereinafter referred to as "the type described " The present invention has for its primary object to provide a greater range of working area for the scoop for each siting of the tractor in comparis N with known excavator-appartus of the type described without interfering with the capability of the apparatus of casting the spoil clear of the excavation. In this respect a soil excavating apparatus of the type described is characterised in that the supporting structure of the king post and boom comprises a framework having a pair of parallel arms adapted to lie respectively on each side of a tractor and each furnished with means at one end for pivotal attachment to the base of the chassis or other fixed structure of the tractor said arms carrying a vee framework spanning their free ends apex outwards with the king post and the boom axes located at or about the said apex, so enabling the apparatus to be used with the framework in a substantially horizontal plane with its apex projecting over an excavation area. By the foregoing construction the axes of the king post and boom can be so disposed that the scoop may for a siting of the apparatus excavate over an appreciably larger area than is possible with the previously known types of apparatus. In addition (as rendered possible by such a construction) the angle of slew can be increased from the usual angle of about 900 each side of the longitudinal centre line of the tractor, to approximately 1200 each side of the centre line, means being Drovided, if desired, to enable any one of a suitable number of sectors smaller than the total slew of 2400 set out at predetermined positions within the 240 ' range to be selected for excavation and so as to limit the slewing movement of the apparatus according to the sector chosen For instance, if a slewing angle of 120 ' is considered to be a good working angle, then such a sector can be selected at any of a number (say three or four) of different pre-set positions within the confines of the 240 ' arc. In order that the said invention may be readily understood an embodiment thereof will be described by way of example with 735,585 785,585 the aid of the accompanying drawings wherein:Figure 1 is a side view; and Figure 2 is a plan. The illustrations show the excavating apparatus in full lines attached to a bulldozing tractor depicted in broken (dash) lines with alternative positions of the excavating apparatus depicted in dot-anddash lines. The excavating apparatus includes a supporting structure in the form of a yoke which is adapted to be pivoted to the rear of a tractor near
the base of the chassis framework thereof or to any other convenient fixed structure This yoke takes the form of a substantially vee-shaped framework 1 lying apex outwards away from the point of attachment to the tractor of a pair of parallel arms 2, 2 extending respectively from the tips of the legs of the vee 1 and adapted to lie one on each side of the tractor These arms are furnished with eyed ends 3 adapting them to be pivoted to the tractor, as already stated, so that the yoke may be swung up from a normal working position in the horizontal as in full lines to a raised, out of action position through an angle of approximately 450 as in dot-and-dash lines in Figure 1 The pivotal movement also enables the yoke to be swung downward as indicated at x in Figure 1 to a limited degree and also upward through any requisite small angle to secure that the supporting structure 1, 2 is substantially horizontal even though the tractor may be sited on a slope leading down or up from the area of excavation The rise and fall of the yoke is brought about by a pair of hydraulic rams 4 extending downwardly from side uprights 5 fixed to the tractor at or about the pivotal axis of the structure 1, 2, and pivotally secured to the structure one at each side at or about the tips of the legs of the vee element 1 of the supporting structure. At the apex of the said vee structure 1 there extends outwardly a short bracket 6 on which is erected a king post 7 supported at the top by a horizontal arm 8 projecting o forwardly (i e away from the tractor and the pivotal ends 3 of the structure 1, 2) from an A-frame 9 or similar structure also erected from the supporting structure 1, 2 further back than the king post, i e nearer to the tractor In the normal working posi tion the king post 7 stands substantially vertically and it is rotatably mounted between the said horizontal arm 8 at the top and the extended bracket 6 from the structure 1, 2 at the bottom in suitable bushings The king post 7 carries the boom which is conveniently in the form of a pair of parallel triangular plates 10, 10 spaced apart and secured together and pivoted by one of the pairs of angular corners at 11 to a pair of lugs 12 projecting from the king post 7 near the bottom thereof Thus the boom 10, 10 can be raised and lowered about this horizontal boom pivot at 11 which, in the centralised position of the 70 boom as seen in Figure 2, lies transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tractor The outer end 13 of the boom (another angular corner of the triangular platework 10) is linked to the king post 7 by the boom ram 75 14 For this purpose the post 7 is furnished with an upper lug arrangement 15, at or near its top, projecting over the aforesaid lower lugs 6 to which the boom is pivoted. The upper lug arrangement 15 Projects out 80 wardly and upwardly with its top above the king post 7 and, so that these lugs 15 will not foul
the aforesaid horizontal arm 8 projecting from the A-frame 9 to support the king post; and it is recessed at 16 to permit 85 the utmost limit of slewing. It will be appreciated that the boom is slewed by rotating the king post 7, and inasmuch as the vertical axis of turning is carried by the tip of the supporting structure l)0 1, 2 well clear of the tractor the boom can be swung backwards towards the tractor through an angle much more than a rightangle on each side of the king post In fact the arc of slewing can be increased to 240 ' 95 over-all from A to B The slewing movement is controlled by a slewing ram 17 pivotally mounted by one end of the structure 1, 2 at one side and pivotally mounted by its other end to a quadrant plate 18 fixed to the 100 king post and projecting back at right-angles to the post's axis towards the supporting structure 1, 2 The quadrant plate 18 is formed with a suitable number of anchoring holes 19 (e g three) to which the slewing ram 10,5 17 may be attached The stroke of the ram may be such as to bring about an 120 slew and, by selecting an appropriate anchoring hole 19 in the quadrant plate 18, this slewing arc may be positioned at any one of a 110 number (e g three) of different Darts within the total 2400 slewing range of the boom from A to B. As usual with excavating apparatus of the type described, a dipper arm 20 is mounted 115 on the outer end of the boom 10 This is in the form of a two-armed lever pivoted to the boom at 21 the lever having a long arm carrying the scoop 22 pivoted at the end of the arm and a short arm connected to the 12) boom by a dipper ram 23 The scoop 22 is linked, as usual, to a double-plate 24 pivoted to the top of the dipper arm 20 and controlled by a crowd ram 25 lying along the dipper arm and mounted between the said 125 double-plate 24 and the arm. The various rams are connected by flexible piping (not shown) to suitable valve controls on the tractor through which the ram-actuating pressure fluid passes 130 an upper bearing carried by a vertical framework on the said structure, the king post being formed with a pair of lower lugs projecting from near the bottonf thereof to take the horizontal pivot of the boom, and a pair of upper lugs at or near its top to take the pivot of a boom ram linking the top of the boom to the top of the post. An excavating apparatus according to
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* GB785586 (A)
Description: GB785586 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Rotary baling machine
Description of GB785586 (A)
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PATENT SPECIFICATION 780 -UYt Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 29, 1956. I,/) O | No16635156. Application made in United States of America on June 6, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 80 ( 2), C 1 C( 5: 7:10), D 7 C 6; and 94 ( 1), AI(C: D 6 B: D 8). International Classification:-B 65 b F 06 d, h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Rotary Baling Machine We, ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, a Corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Post Box 512, Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to rotary baler machines incorporating features of improvement advantageously affecting the rolling of hay or the like into a formed cylindrical bale. Rotary baling machines have heretofore been suggested, as for instance in British Patent Specification No 594,421, wherein means are positionable to roll fibrous material delivered thereto into a formed bale of predetermined diameter and effect a wrapping of binding material about the formed bale, and positionable to discharge the formed and wrapped bale from the machine, and a pickup conveyor which functions to provide the bale forming means with fibrous material and which conveyor is automatically stopped during the twine wrapping and discharging operation. In this type of machine, it is, not possible to continue operation of the conveyor during wrapping and discharging operations because such continuation of the conveyor would interfere with these operations Heretofore, the wrapping and discharging operation has required as, much or more time than it takes to roll the fibrous material into a bale of desired size Generally it is an object of this invention to speed up the operating cycle of the machine and thereby increase its material handling capacity. More specifically it is an object of this invention to reduce the time required for wrapping binding material about the bale whilst, in no way, reducing the amount of material wrapped about the bale. According to the present invention a rotary baling machine having a baling mechanism for rolling material into a formed cylindrical bale and a wrapping mechanism, operative in response to the attainment of a predetermined diameter of a bale, to effect a wrapping of binding material around the formed bale, said baling mechanism' and said wrapping mechanism being driven by means including a power shaft in driving connection with a power source, is characterised by the provision of a variable speed output shaft in driving connection with both of said mechanisms, and a change speed transmission operatively inter-. posed between said power shaft and said variable speed output shaft and automatically selectively adjustable to effect a low speed operating condition of the machine for the rolling operation and a high speed operating condition for the 'bale wrapping operation. Other features of the invention will hereinafter be described and referred to in the appended claims The invention is illustrated, by way of example, in, the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig 1 is a partial left side elevation of a rotary baler embodying the invention with some parts broken away; Fig 2 is a partial right hand
side elevation of the rotary baler shown in Fig 1, with parts broken away; Fig 3 ' is a partial front elevation of a twine mechanism incorporated in the baler shown in Figs 1 and 2, with parts broken away; Fig 4 isl an enlarged rear elevation of a portion of the twine mechanism, with some parts removed; Fig 5 is an enlarged plan view of the baler gear 'box and connected portions; Fig, 6 is a section view taken on line VIVI of 'Fig 7; Fig 7 is an enlarged section view taken on line VII VII of Fig 6; Fig 18 is a partial front elevation view similar to 'Fig 3 ' and showing a different embodiment of this invention; Fig 9 is an enlarged plan view of the gear 5,586 2 785,58 box shown in Fig 8 and connected portions; and Fig 10 is an enlarged section view taken on line X-X of Fig 9. Referring to Fig, 1 there is shown a wheel supported baling machine comprising a frame structure 1 operatively mounting an upper drive roll assembly 2, a lower drive roll assembly 3, a press roll assembly 4, an upper tension roll assembly including a pivotally supported tension arm 6 rotatably mounting a roll 7, a lower tension roll assembly including a pivotally supported tension arm 8 rotatably mounting a roll 9, an upper trip roll assembly including an arm 11 rotatably supporting a roll 12, a lower trip roll assembly including a hanger or 'bow member 13 supporting at its lower end, an arm 14 which in turn rotatably mounts a roll 16, an arcuate rack 17 with which is engaged a pinion 18 carried by the adjacent end of lower tension arm 8, a pivoted latch release bar 19, and a discharge rocker arm 21 which is pivotally connected at one end to bow member 13. A bale rotating mechanism 20 includes one or more endless bale forming bands 22 which are mounted for movement over the roll portion 23 of drive assembly 2, over the roll 7 of the upper tension assembly, and over the roll 12 of the upper trip assembly Also, one or more endless bale forming bands 24 are mounted for movement over the roll portion 26 of drive assembly 3, over the roll 9 of the lower tension assembly, and, over the roll 16 of the lower trip assembly; the bands being driven in the same direction by the roll portions of the drive assemblies as shown by arrows A and EB in Fig 1, and the roll portion 27 of assembly 4 is releasably held in engagement with the roll portion 26 of lower drive assembly 3 by means of one or more springs 28. The upper and lower tension arms 6 and 8 are pivotally interconnected for simultaneous angular movement 'by means of a rod 29 and ache upper tension arm 6 and discharge rocker armn 21 are mounted for relative angular movement about a common fulcrum 31, arm 6 being biassed by a spring 32 (Fig 2) for counterclockwise movement (as viewed in Fig. 2) about said fulcrum, and arm 21 (Fig, 1) being biassed in clockwise direction by means of a spring 33 having one end connected with one
arm of a bell crank lever 34 and having its other end connected with the adjacent end of arm 21 Trip roll arms 11 and 14 are pivotally interconnected at 36 for relative angular movement and are normally retained locked in the aligned position shown by means of a releasable latch 317 carried by arm 11 in a position to engage a portion of the arm 14. Arm 11 also has mounted thereon a flanged wheel 38 adapted to engage and roll along the top surface of an inclined, frame member 39 which mounts the latch bar 19; arnm 11 and wheel 38 being normally supported for coaction with frame member 39 by means of a link 41 connecting the upper end of arm 11 with an arm of 'bell crank lever 34 Movement of bow member 13 ' toward the lower drive 70 roll assembly is limited by a looped link 42 connected as shown. Material to be baled is delivered, to a point adjacent the roll portions of press roll assembly 4 and lower drive roll assembly 3 'by means 75 of a pickup conveyer 43 which is chain driven from a sprocket 44 operatively mounted on a normally rotating shaft 46 forming a part of the lower drive roll assembly 3; the relation between sprocket 44 and shaft 46 being such 80 that when a pivotally mounted latch plate 47 is positioned with a pawl 48 thereon engaged with ratchet like surface 49, the sprocket 44 drives conveyer 43, and that when latch plate 47 is moved to a pawl disengaging position 85 by the action of spring 51, the sprocket 44 becomes stationary Latch plate 47 is normally retained positioned to engage pawl 48 with ratchet like surface 49 by means of a roller 52 carried, by a crank arm 53; arm 53 and a 90 plate 54 being integrally connected and pivotally mounted on a frame bracket 56 for angular movement about a common pivot 57. A spring 58 acts to retain arm 53 and plate 54 in the position shown in Fig 1, and the 95 plate is provided with an elongated opening 59 therethrough in which is positioned' the upper turned over end of a downwardly extending link 61 An upwardly extending link 62 has its lower end pivotally connected with 100 the adjacent lower end of link 61 for movement therewith The lower end of link 61 is interconnected with a strap 63 on the adjacent end of lower tension arm 8 by means of an interposed spring 64, and spring posi 105 tioning adjusting nuts 66 The position of spring 64 determines the extent lower tension arm 8 must move in a counter-clockwise direction from its initial starting position in order to actuate crank arm 53 and effect the release 110 of latch plate 47 which can be readily returned to its shown position with pawl 48 engaging ratchet like surface 49 by means of a link 67 having its lower end connected with plate 47 ll S The correlation of the various parts so far described is the same as that described in the mentioned British Patent 594,421 and in British Patent 594,422, and reference may be had to these patents if a more complete de 120
scription is desired The parts so far described function as fellows: material passing between the roll portions of the press roll assembly 4 and the lower drive roll assembly 3 is engaged by bale rotating mechanism 20 includ 125 ing the endless bale forming bands 22 and 24 and rolled into a compact formed cylindrical bale '68, and when the bale attains a desired diameter the conveyor 43 ' is stopped automatically and the latch release bar 19 is actu 130 785,586 785,586 ated to lift latch 37 on arm 11 whereupon the upper and lower trip roll assemblies move apart ejecting the bale rearward from between the bale forming bands 22 and 2 X 4 and' out of the machine; the trip and tension assemblies automatically returning to their initial bale starting positions. Referring to Figs 3 and 4, it is seen that the frame structure 1 also has mounted thereon mechanism for wrapping twine about the formed cylindrical bale, while it is in the machine, including a pair of spring pressed twine tensioning disks 69 (only one of which is shown) and a twine roller 71 both mounted on one arm of a bell' crank lever 72 in such relation that the twine roller '71 forces the twine 70 between the disks 69 A twine feeding member or tube 173, has on its upper end a twine guide roller 74 for conducting the twine into the tube; an intermediate external cam edge portion 76; and at its lower end a twine feeding ferrule,77 through which the twine passes in leaving the tube, A housing is formed by spaced, rigidly connected and supported front and rear plates 78 and 79, respectively, operatively supporting the twine feed, tube, and a cycling mechanism' 80 which will be described more fully hereinbelow -is provided for controllably positioning and positively, moving the twine feed tube lengthwise of the bale with a substantially uniform 'horizontal velocity component during the bale wrapping operation. The twine tube 173 is supported for angular movement by having its, upper end pivotally mounted on a fixedi pin 81 projecting laterally outward from rear plate 79 and is biased by gravity and by the action of a spring 82 to assume the dotted line position shown in Fig. 3 '; movement in the clockwise direction being limited by engagement 'with a 'fixed stop member '83 ' carried by a part of the frame structure 1, Plates 78 and 79 are provided with a pair of aligned bearings in which is rotatably mounted a shaft 84 having exposed front and' rear end portions to which are secured crank arms 8,6 and 87, respectively, crank arm 187 having mounted on the distal endl thereof a laterally projecting roller 88 adapted to engage the cam portion 76 of twine tube 73 A spur gear or movable timing element '89 ' having a nontoothed peripheral portion ('hereinafter called a partial gear) is fixed on shaft 84 between the plates 78 and 179 in such a position as to be driven through a predetermined angle by a spur gear 91 integral
with the hub portion of a bevel gear 92 rotatable mounted between plates 7 '8 and 179 on, a fixed shaft 93 which extends between' and is supported by plates '78 and,79 i Bevel 'gear '92 meshes with and is driven by 'a pinion 94 fixed on a rotary actuating element or shaft '96 which has its adjacent inner end rotatably mounted in a bearing 97 supported by an integral forwardly extending arm (not shown) on rear plate 79 The opposite end of shaft 96 is rotatably supported in a bearing 99 mounted on the frame structure 1 and carries at its outer end a V-belt pulley 101 which, as shown in 'Fig 3 is driven by a belt 102 running over 70 an idler pulley 1031 mounted on the frame structure and over a drive pulley 104 fixed on shaft 46 of the lower drive roll assembly 3. Front plate 78 ' 'has fixed thereon a rearwardly projecting fixed pin 106 on which is 75 pivotally mounted a crank arm 107 carrying a laterally projecting roller 10 '8 adapted to engage and ride on the inner peripheral surface 109 of the toothed flange portion of gear 89 as is best shown in Fig 3; arm 10,7 being 80 biased to maintain roller 108 in continuous; engagement with surface 109 by means of a spring (not shown) A transverse shaft 112 is rotatably mounted in bearings carried 'by opposite side portions of the frame structure 85 1 and is provided with a laterally projecting arm 114 which is connected with roller carrying crank arm 107 by means of suitable linkage including link '117 Surface 109 is provided with an integral cam portion 11 '8 and the 90 movement of roller 108 thereover results in a counterclockwise movement of crank arm 107 as viewed in Fig, 3, and in a consequent anticlockwise rocking movement of shaft 112 as viewed in Fig 1, 95 Plates '78 and '79 also have secured therebetween a fixed shaft 119 (Fig 3) on which is pivotally mounted a bell crank lever 121 having on one arm thereof a roller 122 adapted to engage a stop projection 123 integral with 100 the rear side of gear 189 and having its, other arm' connected for simultaneous movement with the downwardly extending arm of the bell 'crank:72 by means of a link 124 '; the bell' cranks 72 and 121 both being normally 105 retained in the positions shown by means of a spring 126 '('see Fig 8) The unit comprising shaft 84, crank arm 186, crank arm 87, roller 8 '8 and gear 89 is normally retained in the position shown in 110 Fig 3 by means of a spring 134 (Fig 2) having one end fastened to a fixed part of the frame structure 1 and having its other end fastened to the outer end portion of crank arm '86. The arrangement of parts as shown in Fig 3 115 is such that spring 134 tends to rotate shaft 84, partial gear '89 and crank arms 8 '6 and 87 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig 3, but such movement is obstructed 'by the roller '122 on bell crank lever 121 while 120 said roller is in engagement with the stop projection 123 on partial
gear 89 In the condition of the mechanism as shown in Fig 3, the toothed portion of partial 'gear 89 is angularly spaced out of meshed relation with res 125 pect to the teeth on drive gear 91 and therefore gear 91 is inoperative to drive partial gear 89 counterclockwise Upon release of roller 122 from stop projection -123, gear 8 '9 is rotated counterclockwise by spring 134 a 130 sufficient distance to engage the first tooth thereon with the constantly rotating gear 91. The twine tube 73 is retained in its raised position by means of a latch 136 fixed on a rod, 137 pivotally mounted on the frame structure 1 and biased to the position shown in Fig 3 ' by means of an arm 138 (Fig 1) fixed on rod 13,7 and by a spring 139 connected with arm 138 and, with a fixed part of the frame structure. Referring again to Fig 1, it is seen that arm 138 on rod 137 is interconnected with link 62 by means of link 14-2, its extension 143 and a bell crank lever 144 having one arm connected with the lower end of extension 143 and having its other arm connected with the upper end of link 62. Conveyer drive latch plate 47 has its upper end connected with an arm 146 fixed on the adjacent end of a pivotally mounted, transversely extending crank bar or rod 147 'by means of an interposed spring 148 and spring positioning adjusting nuts 149 Movement of crank rod 147 in a counterclockwise direction and thereby the movement of link 67 and latch plate 47 in a pawl disengaging direction is limited by the engagement of a stop projection 151 on arm 146 with the adjacent frame structure Crank rod 147 is positioned to be engaged by the upper end of bow member 13 as the lower trip roll assembly 14, 16 is returned toward -and nears its initial bale starting position, and the position of spring 148 determines the extent the rod 147 must be moved clockwise from the position shown in order to actuate link 67 and reposition latch plate 47 and pawl 48 as indicated in Fig 1 In this connection, the spring 148 is preferably so adjusted that latch plate 47 and pawl 48 are repositioned to start conveyer 43 just as soon as the trip roll assemblies return to their initial bale starting positions. Referring once again to Fig 3 it is seen that the frame structure also mounts a fixed twine cutting knife 152 positioned to be engaged by the twine fed from: the distal end of tube 73 as it approaches its full line position, and a knife guard 153 is attached to a pin 150 pivotally carried by frame structure 1 and guard 153 is normally positioned to prevent the twine from contacting the knife. Shaft 112 is also provided with a pair of arms 155 one of which is-operatively connected by means of a link 156 (Fig 1) with the latch release bar 19 There is a part (not shown) on link 156 which is connected to a crescent shaped member 154 which in turn is attached as
by welding to a shaft 15,7 journaled in bracket 158, Member 154 engages arm 159 which is also attached to pivot pin 150, thereby preventing movement of pivot pin 150 and twine guard 153 attached thereto The arrangement is such that a counterclockwise movement of shaft 112, as viewed in Fig 1, raises link 156 which in turn moves crescent shaped member 154 out of contact with arm 159 The pull of twine together with the downward movement thereof causes guard 153 to pivotally swing downwardly thereby exposing the twine to 70 severing action by knife 152 This upward' movement of link 156, previously mentioned, also actuates trip bar 19 to release latch 37 which normally retains the trip roll assembly arms 11 and 14 in alignment 75 Referring to Fig 2, the various baler mechanisms are driven by a power input shaft 161 connectable with the power take-off of a tractor (not shown) or other source of power. A change speed transmission 160 includes a 80 bevel gear 162 (Fig 6) which is driven by a bevel gear 163 ' keyed to power input shaft 161 for rotation therewith Bevel gear 162 is keyed to shaft 164 which is rotatably mounted in gear housing 166 (Fig 7) and a 85 gear 167 is splined to shaft 164 for rotation therewith A gear 168 which is rotatably mounted about shaft 164 is driven by gear 167 through a one way or overrunning spring clutch means 169 which is so made that it 90 will transmit rotation from gear 167 to gear 168 in the direction in which shaft 164 is driven, and so that gear 168 may overrun shaft 164 in that direction when it is driven at a higher speed, as will be presently de 95 scribed A gear 171 is splined to a variable speed power output shaft 172 and meshes with gear 168 Gear 171 may be shifted longitudinally on shaft 172 to mesh with idler gear 173 which in turn meshes with and is driven 100 by gear 174 which is integral with shaft 164. Another gear 176 rotatably mounted on shaft 172 meshes with and is driven by gear 167 and an electric clutch rotor 177 with clutch facing 178 is attached to and rotates with gear 105 176 Hub 179 having an integral flange 181 is splined to and rotates with shaft 172, and an armature hub or movable control element 182 is splined to and rotates with hub 179. Clutch armature 183 is suitably attached to 110 hub 182 A clutch magnet winding 186 is rigidly connected to upper portion 187 of gear housing 166 by means, of screws 188 Flange 181 is drivingly connected to rotary drive element or shaft 180 (Fig 3) of gear box 185 115 by means of a universal joint 190 Shaft 180 is connected through suitable gearing (not shown) contained in gear box 185, with rolls 23 and 26 of upper and lower drive roll assemblies 2 and 3 ', respectively, so as to drive 120 these rolls in the same directions. Referring to Fig 4, a roller 189 is rotatably mounted' on an arm of
crank 191 which is trunnioned on a bracket of frame 1 and biased by spring 210 so as to urge roller 189 radially 125 against an internal cam surface 192 on partial gear 89 When the twine 70 is caught and starts to wrap about the 'bale, tension of twine causes roller 122 to swing away from stop 123 As a result, gear 89 is rotated clockwise 130 785,586 with the actuating button 205 on switch 198 (Fig 5) by the pull described above and thereby opening the electrical circuit to magnet winding 186 A spring 209 is attached to lever 206 to normally retain lever 206 in contact 70 with button 205 Assuming that the machine is normally operating with the various parts positioned, as shown in Fig, 1, that is, with conveyer 43 delivering material to the machine and the 75 material passing between the roll portions of the press, and drive roll assemblies and then around the partially formed bale 68 disposed therein, it is apparent that the upper and lower tension rolls 7 and 9, respectively, are moving 80 toward each other, that the upper and lower tension arms 6 and 8, respectively, are both moving in a counterclockwise direction about their points of pivotal support, that the upper and lower grip roll assemblies are moving rear 85 ward with the flanged wheel 38 in engagement with frame member 39 and that the parts will continue to move as just described until the projection 63 on lower tension arm 8 actuates link 6,1 so' as to turn crank arm 53 90 and plate 54 a sufficient distance in a clockwise direction to first release twine tube latch 136 thereby permitting twine tube 73 ' to swing downward; to the dotted line position shown in F-ig 3 andc to then release latch plate 47 95 (Fig 1) which is immediately moved to its pawl disengaging position by the action of spring 51. The dropping of twine tube 73 places' the twine 70 hanging from the distal end thereof 100 on the material about to pass, between the roll portions of the press and drive roll assemblies and the material carries the twine between said roll portions and around the formed bale The conveyer 43 is still' operating when the twine 105 tube is dropped and continues to operate until the latch plate 47 is released as just described whereupon operation of the conveyer immediately ceases The pull exerted on the twine in passing between the roll portions of the 110 press and drive roll assemblies moves the twine tension disk carrying bell crank 72 (Fig 3), and the bell crank 121 which is connected to bell crank 72 by means of link 124, in a counterclockwise direction The counterclock 115 wise movement of bell crank 121 withdraws roller 122 from engagement with' stop projection 123 ' on gear 89 and the spring 134 connected with arm 86 on shaft i 84 quickly rotates shaft 84 andl thereby ann 8 '6 and gear 120 89 until' the first tooth on gear 89 engages the continuously rotating spur gear 91 When gear 89 is driven by gear 91 the high portion of cam
192 forces roller 189 (Fig 4) downwardly As a result, bell crank arm 199 is 125 moved into contact with and actuates button so as to close switch 193, thereby energizing magnet winding 18 '6 of the clutch This establishes a driving connection from gear 167 through gear 176 (fig 7) to shaft 172, which 130 as viewed in Fig, 4, by the action of spring 134 (Fig, 3) so that the raised portion of cam surface 192, contacts the roller 189 and moves the other crank arm 199 of bell crank 191 to actuate electric switch button 195 An electric switch 193 carried by frame 1 has one terminal 194 wired to the battery on the tractor draft meansl (not shown) and the other terminal 196 is connected by wire 197 to switch 19,8 (Fig 5) carried on, gear housing 166 Switch 198, is connected to the clutch magnet winding 1,86 by lead 200 The other end 201 of magnet winding 186 is grounded to case 166 by lead 202 Switch 193 (Fig 4) is so positioned on baler frame 1 that arm 199 (Fig 431 of bell crank 191 contacts the switch button 195 when the high point of cam 192 passes roller 18 9 thereby closing the electrical circuit and initiating a flow of electrical energy to the clutch magnet winding 186. The flow of electrical current in magnet winding 186 (Fig 7) sets up a magnetic field in rotor 177 which attracts armature 183 and establishes a driving connection therewith. Shaft 1 72 is now driven by, gear 167, meshed with gear 1 76, at a substantially higher speed than that at which it is normally driven through gears 168, 171 and' spring clutch 169. Upon establishment of the high speed drive, clutch 169 permitsl gear 1:68 to overrun gear 167 Establishment of the high speed drive results in higher speeds of rotation of all elements in the baler, and the high speed operation continues until the twine is severed When this occurs the mechanism automatically returns to the condition in which it is shown in Fig 4, and, in which condition the electrical circuit to magnet winding 186 is broken by crank arm 199 ' ('Fig 4)' having moved away from the actuating button 195 As a result, the electromagnetic flux through rotor 177 (Fig, 7) disappears, t'he pull on armature 183 is relaxed and the drive from gear 16 7 through clutch 169 to gears 168 and 171 is automatically restored by operation of the clutch 169. The longitudinal shifting of gear 171 previously, mentioned is utilized for driving the baler mechanisms in reverse, as when clearing a plugged machine, This is accomplished by pulling on a rope 204 (Fig 5) running from the operator's seat on the tractor (not shown) to lever 206 which is' keyed to a vertical shaft extension 207 (Fig 7) of shifter finger 208 which engages a groove in a hub of gear 171 for imparting longitudinal motion thereto. This shifting of gear 171 is only done when shafts 164 and 172 are not
rotating When gear 171 is in mesh with gear 173 the direction of rotation of shaft 172 is reversed' In order to preclude the possibility of having the overdrive mechanism from gear 167 to gear 1.76 through the electric clutch mechanism engaged at the same time with this reversing mechanism, lever 206 is moved out of contact 785,586 785,586 causes shaft 172 to rotate at a greatly increased rate of speed Roller 88 (Fig 3) on arm 87 moves in proximate relation to the cam surface 76 on twine tube 73 and the rotation of gear 91 drives gear 89 and thereby shaft 84 and arms 86 and 8,7 counterclockwise. During the initial rotation of gear 89 by gear 91, twine tube 73 remains stationary in its dotted line position until roller 88 on arm 87 engages cam surface 76 and this delayed action permits one or more turns of twine to be wrapped around the adjacent end of the formed cylindrical bale before the twine tube commences,to move lengthwise thereof The high portion of cam surface 192 is so positioned that switch 193 is closed when roller 88 engages carn surface 76 The engagement of roller 88 with cam surface 76 moves tube 73 in a counterclockwise direction toward its full line position; the cam surface 76 being so shaped that the end of the tube travels lengthwise of the bale as the tube moves from its dotted line position to its full line position, and that when the tube reaches its tull line position, it is held in such position until the latch 136 is repositioned to hold the tube in its raised position as showvn. In general, the correlation of parts is such that the tube 73 reaches its raised position just before the cam portion 118 on the inner peripheral surface of gear 89 engages roller 108 on crank arm 107 and moves said arm down-ward, in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig 3, and that the tube 73 is held in its raised position by the roller 88 on crank arm 87 until the cam portion 118 moves away from the roller 108 on arm 107 The counterclockwise movement of arm 107 is transmitted' through link 117 to shaft 112 which turns in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in, Fig 1, and through the medium of arm 155 and link 156 moves the guard 153 away from the knife 152 and actuates bar 19 to release latch 317 carried by arm 11 of the upper trip roll assembly As a result, the twine snaps against and is cut by knife 152, the arms and rolls 11, 14 and 12, 16, respectively, of the trip roll assemblies move apart and discharge the bale from the machine, and the tension rolls 7 and 9 carriedi by arms 6 and, 8, respectively, move away from each other to their initial bale starting positions; such movements of the tension and trip roll assemblies occurring substantially simultaneously. The cutting of the twine releases the pull on twine tension disk bell crank 72 which is immediately returned to its normal position shown in Fig 31 by a spring 126 (Fig 8) thereby repositioning roller 122 on
bell crank 121 to be engaged 'by the stop projection on gear 89 Cam surface 192 is also so configured that switch 193 ' is opened, when the twine is cut, by spring 21 G (Fig, 4) which moves bell crank 191 out of contact with switch button 195, therebyl breaking the electrical circuit of clutch magnet winding 186 (Fig 7) As a result, shaft 172 is driven through gears 168 and 171 at a slower rate of speeds and the bale mechanisms which are driven by shaft 172, are operated at a correspondingly reduced rate 7 C of speed The return of lower tension arm 8 (Fig 1) to its initial bale starting position releases the pull on link 61 and as a result links 61, '62, 142 and 143 are immediately moved upward by the action of spring 139 75 During this phase of the cycle latch plate 47 is held by spring 51 in the position determined by the engagement of stop projection 151 on arm 146 with the adjacent frame structure (note 80 the upper end of link 67) This movement of links 61, 62, 142 and 143, which is sufficient to reposition latch 136 'beneath twine tube 73 as shown in Figs 1 and 3, takes place during the time interval the tube is held in 85 its fully raised position by roller 88 on arm 817, that is, during the time cam portion 118 on gear 89 is in engagement with ithe roller 108 on arm 107 In this connection, it should be noted that the twine tube is held sub 90 stantially stationary for a short time interval before shaft 112 is actuated by crank arm 114 to effect ithe removal of twine guard 153 and the release of latch 37 which permits one or more turns of twine to be wrapped around 95 this end of the bale before the twine is cut and the bale discharged from the machine. Shortly after the cam portion 118 is disengaged from roller 108 on arm 10 7, the gear 89 moves out of mesh with drive gear 91 100 at which time arm 86 moves over center with respect to spring 134 whereupon spring 134 rapidly rotates gear 89 and the parts movable therewith into the positions shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Upon discharge of the bale from the 105 machine, the upper and lower trip roll assemblies immediately return to their initial bale starting positions with the arms 11 and -14 locked in alignment by means of latch 37 110 on arm 11 and this rapid movement of the trip roll assemblies actuate crank rod 147 and thereby link 67 which repositions latch plate 47 and pawi 48 to start the conveyer and again deliver material to the press and drive 115 roll assemblies just as soon as the various bale forming parts are positioned to receive the material. From the foregoing, it has been shown how an overdrive mechanism can be applied to a 120 baling machine so that operation of the twine wrapping cycle can be automatically speeded up to thereby increase the capacity of the baler to produce bales. Referring to Figs 8, 9 and 10, another 125 embodiment of this
invention is shown In this embodiment a mechanical linkage actuates the change speed transmission and a different type of overdrive mechanism is utilized. Referring to Fig 10, pinion 211 is driven 130 785,586 by a bevel gear (not shown) keyed to power input shaft 213 for rotation therewith, Shaft 213 is driven by conventional means such as a tractor power take-off shaft Bevel pinion 211 is splined to a shaft 214 which is rotatably mounted in gear housing 2,16 and a gear 211 is also splined to shaft 214 for rotation therewith A gear 2,18 is rotatably mounted on shaft 214 is driven: by gear 217 through a one way or overrunning spring clutch means 219 which is so made that it will transmit rotation from gear 21 i 7 to' gear 218 in the direction in which shaft 214 is driven and so that gear 2,18 may overrun shaft 214 in that direction when it is driven at a higher speed as will be presently described A gear 221, which is splined to shaft 222, meshes with gear 218. Gear 221 may be shifted longitudinally on shaft 222 ito mesh with idler gear 223 which in turn meshes with and is driven by gear 224 which is integral with shaft 214 Another gear 226 rotatably mounted on shaft 222 meshes with and is driven by gear 2 17 and a spring clutch means 227 is locked to and rotates With gear 226 Hub 22 8, whose outside diameter is slightly less than the inside diameter of spring 227, is keyed to and rotates with shaft 222 An actuator sleeve 231 is constrained to rotate with hub 228 'by pin, 230 which engages a slot in hub 228 51 leeve 23:1 has an angular portion 232 which is normally laterally spaced from an angular portion 233 of spring 227 by spring 234 which is actable by a movable control element or actuator button 2316 which is connected to sleeve 2281 by pin 230 1 Actuator button 236 is engaged by a lever 23 ( 7 pinned, to, shaft 238 which is journaled in gear housing 216 for oscillation In Fig 18, crank 239 is pinned to shaft 238 on the outside of gear housing 216 and is in turn connected to crank 241 'by a link 242 Link 242 has a rod portion 243 which is adjustably mounted in an end portion 244 connected to crank 239 A spring 246 is interposed between rod portion 2413 and end portion 244 to provide a substantially constant predetermined pull on crank lever 239 when link 242 is moved upward. Referring to Figs 8 and 10 it is seen that the actuator lever 239 is connected to the twine tension crank 72 by link 242, crank 241, link 247 and, link 2481 A crank 251 has its upper end 'connected to links 247 ' and 248 and on its lower end is provided with a roller 249. This roller 249 is adapted to contact a radial cam surface 252 on partial gear 89 limiting the motion of the above linkage when the twine tube 73 ' has dropped and twine is commencing to wrap about a bale to an amount sufficient to permit disengagement of roller 122
from a lug 123 on gear 89 but insufficient to cause sleeve 231 to engage clutch spring 233 (Fig 10) As soon as the cam surface 252 passes roller 249, roller 249 and, its connected linkage moves sufficiently,to force sleeve 231 into engagement with spring 233 and the frictional drag thereon causes the spring 233 to wrap down and engage hub 228 thereby locking it to gear 226 Shaft 222 is now driven 70 by gear 21,7 through gear 226 at a substantially higher speed than its normal speed when driven by gear 228 ' through gear 221, and spring clutch 219 overruns in its pocket in gear 217 This produces higher speeds of rota 75 tion of all elements in the baler until the twine is severed, whereupon the pull is, released on crank 72, and thereupon lever 237 (Fig. 10.), crank 23,9 (Fig 8 >, link 242, crank 241, link 247, crank 2,511, link 248 and crank 72 80 are returned to the positions shown in Figs. 8 and 10 by the action of a spring 126 Spring 234 (Fig 10) forces sleeve 231 out of engaget with spring 233 and the drive of shaft 222 through gears 218 and 221 is restored 85 Shaft 222 is coupled to shaft 180 (Fig, 8) of a gear train for driving the various elements of tlie baling machine, including upper drive roll 2 and lower press roll 3 A shock absorbing means 25:8 is interposed between halves 90 255 and 257 'of a universal joint and which halves are connected to shaft 222 and shaft 180, respectively Shock absorbing means 258 yieldably connects center yokes 259 and 260 by having a pair of abutting disk members 95 261, and 2 '62 attached to yokes: 259 and 260, respectively, with disk members 261 and 262 being provided with a plurality of springs 263 forming a connection, between the disks to reduce the shock induced, by acceleration 100 forces set up by the overdrive unit Center yokes 259 and 26 0 are connected to halves 255 and 257, respectively. The longitudinal, shifting of gear 221 is accomplished by pulling on rope 2,64 (Fig 10) 105 running from the operator's seat (not shown) to lever 266 which is keyed to a shaft extension 267 of shifter finger 268 which engages a groove in the hub of gear 221 for imparting longitudinal motion thereto When gear 221 110 is in mesh with gear 223 the direction of rotation of shaft 222 is reversed and, in order to preclude the possibility of having the overdrive from' gear 217 to gear 226 through spring 227 to hub 2218 engaged at the same 115 time, lever 226 is connected to 'crank 239 by a chain 269 ('Fig 9) and' when rope 264 is pulled, lever 239, shaft 23 M 8 and lever 237 are moved by the chain clockwise (Figs 8 and 10) so that spring 234 forces, sleeve 231 out 120 of engagement with spring 233 ' From the foregoing it is seen how applicant's inventive concept may be embodied in a new arrangement of mechanisms to provide ha speed up of the twine wrapping cycle of 125 a rotary baling machine without increasing the amount of input power to any appreciable extent.
In general terms, the gear 91 (Fig 4) represents 'a rotatable acuating element which is 13 Q -485,586 connected in driven relation with the variable speed output shaft of the change speed transmission, and the partial gear 89 together with its internal cam surfaces represents a unidirectiona Ily rotatable timing element which is operatively associated with the bale rolling mechanism 20, with the twine guide 73, and with the actuating element 91 so that upon formation of a bale of predetermined diameter by said bale rolling mechanism, the twine guide will 'be moved sequentially into and out of twine feeding relation with said blade In the embodiment of the invention as illustrated by Figs 1 through 7, the bell crank 191 represents a back and forth movable control element which is operatively associated with the timing element 89 and with the change speed transmission 160 so as to establish a low speed driving connection from the transmission input shaft 164 to the bale rolling mechanism 20 and to the actuating element 91 while the bale rolling mechanism 20 is operative to form a bale, and so as to establish a high speed driving connection from the transmission input shaft 164 to the bale rolling mechanism and actuating element 91 while the twine guide is in twine feeding relation to the bale A corresponding back and forth movable control element is represented by the link 248 in the embodiment of the invention illustrated by Figs 8 through 10, In the embodiment of the invention illustrated by Figs 1 through 7, as well as in the embodiment of the invention illustrated by Figs, 8 through 10 the partial gear 89 together with the associated parts including the elements 61, 62, 142, 72, 124, 121, 134, represents a cycling mechanism which is operatively associated with the bale rolling mechanism 20 and twine guide 73 ' so that upon formation of a bale of predetermined diameter by said bale rolling mechanism said twine guide will, be moved sequentially into and out of tvine feeding relation to said bale.
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* GB785587 (A)
Description: GB785587 (A) ? 1957-10-30
A cathode ray tube with deflection control
Description of GB785587 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION X 755,587 / Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Feb 4, 1953. No 3137/53. Application made in Germany on Feb 5, 1952. Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Co:nss SW), D 41 (A: A? Di: 1 2 El: E 4: F 6 B F 6 X: G 4: K 3: K 4), D 1 O(A 1: -nt N o a 1 -C las si D c( 18 Ca: tion 1 45 A) International Classification: -1-ilj. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION A Cathootie Ray Tube with Defection Control I, GUENTHER HERMANN K RAWINKEL, of 54 Hxberlinstr asse, Frankfurt/Main, Eschersheim, Germany, a German citizen, do hereby declare the invention for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - Thie present invention relates to electron beam deflecting systems of the kind comprising a cathode ray tube having an electron gun to produce an electron beam, electrostatic or electro agnetic deflecting means for the deflection of the electron beam in dependence on the magnitude of an innut signal, and target means for indicating the magnitude of the deflection or for producing in an output circuit a current of which the magnitude is dependent on the magnitiode of Ithe beam deflection Sutch systemns are used with advantage for ascertaining a voltage, for indicating the magnitude of a voltage, but also for amplifying, rectifying or modulating purposes. The beam deflecting mneans are usually, but not exclusively, constituted by two plateshaped parallel electrodes, one at each side of the beam, and the electrocaes are connected to an input circuit through which a voltage is applied to the plate shaved electrodes which produces a field by means of which the electron btasn is deflected in dependence on the intensity of the field, i e in dependence of the input voltage, which it is intended to measure for instance As a result of the beam deflection, the point where the beam
strikes the target will also be deflected, and this deflection is a direct measure of the magnitude of the input voltage The target may indicate the magnitude of the deflection, or the target may be wade of such a nature that, in connection with an approuriate output circuit, an output voltage or current is Produced which is proportional to the beam' deflection, i e, to the voltage which has caused this deflection. Conventional arrangements of this kind suffer from the disadvantage that the magnitude of the displacement of the point where L Pdc C Us 7 6 dl l the target is hit is extremely small, unless extremely long tubes offering a long path for the electron beam are used; but such tubes are 50 difficult to construct and to operate. A further disadvantage of the known arrangements resides in that it is necessary to adjust very carefully and accurately the point where the undeflected electron beam strikes 55 the target electrode or electrodes, so that it should be possible to' ascertain the said distance if the beam has been deflected only a small amount. It is the object of the present invention to 60 avoid, the above mentioned limitations To this end, an electron beam deflecting system comprising a cathode ray tube having an electron gun to' produce an electron beam, deflecting means for the deflection of the electron beam 65 in the dependence on the magnitude of an input signal, and target means for indicating the magnitude of the deflection or for producing in an output circuit a current of which the magnitude is dependent on the magnitude of 70 the beam deflection, is characterised in that the said signal deflecting means are so designed that they cause a deflection of the electron beam in one plane through the axis of the undeflected beam, and that between these 75 deflecting means and the said target means electrostatic deflection amplifying means are provided which produce a field which is substantially at right angles to the said plane and which increases in its intensity in a direction 80 in which the preceding deflection takes place so as to cause a further defletion of the electron beam at right angles to the preceding deflection and increasing in its magnitude with increasing magnitude of the preceding 85 deflection. Electrostatic deflection amplifying means have the advantage that they require little space so that it is easily possible to arrange more than one of such deflection amplifying 90 means in the envelope of the cathode ray tube in succession so' that the electron beam passes through them one after the other, and so that the direction of the field, which each of the I-. 785,587 succeeding deflection amplifying means produces, is displaced substantially at right angles with respect to the preceding deflection
amplifying means According to a preserned embodiment of the;inventi'on, the or each deflection amplifying means will be constituted by a pair of plate-shaped electrodes vwihici consist of resistance material and along which a voltage drop is set up so as to produce the required field of increasing intensity The intensity of the field will be chosen such that the deflection caused by this field is greater than the deflection imparted to the electron beam by its first deflection under the control of the input voltage. In order that the invention may be clearly understood, an embodiment thereof will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:Fig 1 shows schematically a longitudinal section of a cathode ray tube embodying the invention, the individual component parts being represented in a perspective manner, Fig 2 is also a perspective representation, but on an enlarged scale, of one part of the tube shown in Fig 1 together with the associated circuit connections, Fig 3 serves for explaining the function of the arrangements according to Fig 2, Fig 4 shows in more detail an example of a target electrode for the tube according to Fig 1; this and other constructions of targets suited for the realisation of the present invention are described and claimed in the U K. Patent Specification (Application No. 8363/55) (Serial No 785,588), and Figs 5 and 6 serve for the explanation of the function of the targets shown in Fig 4. As shown in Fig 1, within an evacuated vessel G an electron beam St is produced by means of an electron gun K,-Ar-A 2, which may be of any conventional design The electron beam passes in succession through the electrode systems, Pr-P,, E,-E,', E 2-E,1, and the beam then strikes a target electrode S The electrode system PI-P is constituted, by deflecting plates to which the voltage is applied which is to be ascertained and measured but which may also be magnified rectified or modulated The electrode system E,-E,' serves as a deflection amplifier and is shown in more detail in Fig. 2 Both plates E, and B,', between which the electron beam passes, consist of a resistance material which may be either self supporting or may be applied to a carrier by evaporation, by chemical deposition or in a mechanical manner. As shown in Fig 2, the terminals of each plate El and EB, are connected to a direct voltage source K through resistances R,, Rs 7, and R 11, R,' respectively in such a Mauner that at both plates E, and E,' voltage dro s are set up, in opposite directions These voltage conditions are indicated in Fig 3 in respect of the axis z which extends at right angles to the undeflected beam and is parallel to and at the same distance from each of the plates E, and EJ, It will be appreciated that 70 in the z-direction there will be a point z,
depending upon the magnitude of the resistances R,, Ro, R,' and R ' (Fig 2), where there will be no resulting deflecting field between E, and E,1 for an electron beam at 75 right angles to the plane of the drawing. Although the undeflected electron beam need not pass through the point z, between the plates E, and E,' in order to obtain the desired en Fact, it will be assumed for the explantion SO of the deflection magnification that the undeflected electron beam passes through the point za between the plates E, and E,' (Figs. 2 and 3) Now, if the electron beam St is deflected the distance ds in the direction 85 indicated by the arrow z of Figs 2 and 3 due to a deflecting field set up at the control plates P,-P 2, then the beam is subjected; as indicated in Fig 3, to a deflecting field K' between the plates E, and E,' By a suitable 90 choice of the magnitude of the voltage K applied to the plates E, and E,' (Fig 2), it is obviously possible to obtain by the influence of the resulting field K' in Fig 3 a deflection of the beam St in a direction perpendicular to 95 ds wihich is substantially larger than, but proportional to, the deflection ds The beam, additionally deflected in the direction of the field i', now enters the space between the two plates E and EB' as shown in Fig 1, 100 which are constructed in a similar manner as the plates E, and E,', i e that they form resistances and are connected to voltage sources as described with reference to Fig 2 However, the position of the plates E and E ' is at 105 right angles with respect to the direction of the plates E, and E,', but also transverse with respcct to the longitudinal axis of the tube. The beam vwhich, due to its original deflection ds tias been deflected in the system E,, E,'110 uinder the influence of the field K' (Fig 3) through a distance ds, in a direction perpendicular to ds, now enters the space between the plates E and E,' and it is there subjected to a further deflection amplification in a similar 115 manner as described with reference to Fig 3. In view of the cross-wise disposition of the plates E and E 2 with respect to the plates E, and E,', the deflection ds of the beam, which occurs between the plates E and EW, has the 120 same direction as the deflection ds produced by the plates P, and P As a result of the voltage drop at the plates E 2 and B 21, the beam is subjected to a deflection ds" between these plates which is proportional to ds' but perpen 125 dicalar to the direction of ds', whereby the beam is again deflected in the direction of the original deflection ds Naturally, any number of such plate systems may be used for a deflection amplification, the individual 130 field (Fig 1), it can be reached that all secondary electrons released in the lower Dart of the
structure S as shown in Fig 4, will travel towards the strips W under the influence of the field between V and W However, if the 70 point where the electron beam St strikes the electrode is shifted upwards in the direction x (Fig 4), then first the electrons with high velocity and later, as the said point moves upwards, also the electrons of lower velocity 75 will move towards the electrode s, under the influence of the suction field (Fig 1) The variation of the voltage from M/2 to + M/2 along the resistance strips W is indicated in Fig 5 by the dotted straight line I, and the 80 constant voltage of the strips V at M/2 is represented by the straight line II over the direction x As indicated the secondary electrons, released by the electron beam St, are under the influence of a varying counter field 85 D, which causes their movement towards the electrode s, (Fig 1), the said counter field being different in respect of each magnitude x (Fig 5) Fig 6 indicates the proportion of the stream J of secondary electrons moving lo from the electrode S towards the collecting electrode s, (Fig 1), which is dependent upon the displacement in the direction x of the point where the electron beam impinges upon the electrode S 95 The stream J of secondary electrons, the intensity of which has been controlled as described, can now be utilised directly at the electrode s,, or as an amplified stream after it has been subjected to a multiplication of the 100 secondary emission in a manner known per se Fig 1 represents schematically a one-stage multiplication of the secondary electrons without limiting the application of the invention to the shown arrangement Thus, the 105 electrode s, may form an electrode adapted to emit seconday electrons instead of being a collecting electode only 'With a one-stage multiplication of the secondary emission, the electrode s, then represents the collecting elec 110 trode To the latter a resistance r may be connected from which the amplified signal may be derived If a target electrode is used of the kind described hereinbefore with reference to Fig 4, it will be necessary, of 115 course, to mount the target in such a position that the said direction x coincides with the direction of the signal deflection. The arrangements according to the invention are adapted to avoid the usual difficulties 120 of adjusting cathode ray tubes with deflection control; in view of the fact that the described deflection amplification is equally effective at each point of the deflection amplifiers (Esystems) through which the electron beam 125 passes, and only an additional constant deflection has to be taken into consideration if the electron beam does not pass through the point z,, of one of the E-systems Such a constant deflection does not affect the function of the 130 systems being arranged in succession with
alternately cross-wise arranged plates A correspondingly amplified deflection of tie electron beam will result which is proportional to the deflection control of the Dlates PI, P 2. The electron beam, which has been subjected to a deflection control and the deflection of which has been amplified as described, now impinges upon a target S', as shown in Fig 1 The target may indicate the magnitude of the deflection or it may be constitued by an electrode which is adapted to emit secondary electrons, and is associated with means which make the emission of useful secondary electrons, liberated by the electron beam St, dependent upon the location of the point where the electron beam strikes the electrode S This function will now be described in more detail with reference to the arrangement shown by way of example in Fig 4 The plate S may be made of insulating material and is equipped with two systems of strips The strip system V, which is connected to a collecting bar V, represents the secondary electron emitting electrode proper. Adjacent to each strip V, at the right as well as at the left of it, a strip W is disposed The strips W, which are insulated from the strips V, consist of resistance material and their ends are connected to two collecting bars W, and W, A direct current voltage M is applied to the collecting bars W and W, for instance through a series resistance R Thus a voltage drop from M/2 to + M/2 is set up along the strips W (Fig 5) The collecting bar V 1 of the strip system V may be connected to the minus pole of the direct voltage M Between the electrode S and another electrode s, (Fig. 1), to which a positive potential B with respect to the electrode S is applied, a suction field in the direction towards s, is established The electron beam St liberates, when impinging upon the eletjtrode Sb secondary electrons. These secondary electrons are subjected to the influence of two fields; firstly to the field between the strip systems V and W, the intensity of which increases in the direction x (Fig. 4), and secondly, to the suction field which is directed from S towards s, The effect of these two fields upon the liberated secondary electrons is easily understood In the direction x (Fig 4) of the deflection of the electron beam at the electrode S, the released secondary electrons are under the influence of a field between the strips W and V the intensity of which decreases from the lower to the upper end of the electrode Superposed on this varying field between W and V is the suction field established by the voltage source B between S and sl The field between W and V, which decreases in the direction x, is determined bv the direct current voltage M (Fig 4) It will be appreciated that by a suitable choice of the magnitude of M in relation to the voltage B applied to si, which determines the suction
785,587 785,587 apparatus, as the device, which ascertains the displacement of the point where the deflection controlled electron beam impinges upon the electrode S, renders an equal displacement indication however large the surface of the electrode is. The second limitation of the conventional tubes with deflection control, that is their low control sensitivity, is overcome by the arrangement of the deflection amplifiers that is by the plate systems E,, El' and E,, E,'. A continuous variation of the degree of amplification is possible for instance by variation of the constant-current voltage K at the deflection-amplification systems Ex, E,', E, B,,. A shifting of the working point along the characteristic can be effected for instance by an additional direct-current voltage auplied to the system, E of the arrangement represented as an example in Fig 1, or by the application of an additional direct-current voltage to the control plates PI, P_ A modulation with a different oscillation may be obtained for instance by superposing on the direct current voltage K applied to one of the deflection amplifiers an auxiliary oscillation, or alternatively by modulating the intensity of the beam in the beam generating system K 1, A,, AX with the auxiliary oscillations.
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