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Review: in Bohr’s atomic model, electrons orbited the nucleus as shown below. To mathematically describe the orbit of an electron, Bohr used one quantum number, n = 1, 2, 3 ……which designated 2 things:
The orbit for n = 1 isCLOSEST TO MOST FAR FROMthe nucleus, and isHIGHEST LOWESTin energyBohr’s orbits were all_____________________in shape.
In quantum theory, electrons may be found in atomic orbitals.The book says an orbital is:
“a 3-D region around the nucleus that describes the probable location of an electron.”
in other words:
each orbital can contain ____, ____, or ____ electrons (how many?)
Quantum mechanics has ______________ quantum numbers to describe the
arrangement of electrons. The first quantum number is known as the
and is very similar to Bohr’s. It is n = 1, 2, 3 ……
and describes roughly the same things as Bohr’s quantum number, n.
In quantum mechanics, the principal, the second, and the third quantum numbers together describe the
of an electron; i.e., the area of space that the electron has a________% probability of being found in;
The fourth quantum number describes a particular electron in that orbital (actually the spin of the electron.)
QUANTUM#
SPECIFIES DESCRIBES FOR AN ORBITAL…
Principal:quantum #n = 1, 2, 3….
Secondquantum #
Third Quantum#
Bohr’s orbits were all _____________ in shape.
In quantum mechanics, each orbital has one of
______________ different possible shapes.
A sublevel contains ______________________ orbitals, depending on the shape of the orbitals
All of the orbitals in a particular sublevel have
THE SAME DIFFERENT shape(s)
p orbitals are shaped like a figure-8. There are 3 in any one p-sublevel.
Each one has a different orientation in space
The orbitals have differing amounts of energy. For orbitals in the same principle energy level:
s < p < d < fLook at the shapes – does this make sense?
The Aufbau Principle states that:
each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available.
Does this make sense?
With this basic knowledge of quantum numbers and orbitals, we can now begin to develop a picture of the atom and to write electron configurations; this is a very important skill in chemistry. Based on the electron configuration of each element, we can explain and predict the behavior of that element.