* GB785623 (A)

Description: GB785623 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements relating to standing wave indicator

Description of GB785623 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements relating to Standing Wave Indicator We, PoLYTECHNIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOP MENT COMPANY, INC., a Corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York, United States of America, of 202, Tillary Street, Brooklyn, 1, New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to a device for indicating or measuring standing waves in a rectangular waveguide. The invention is especially designed for indicating standing waves in a waveguide of the "ridged" type and involving the transmission of waves within the frew quency range of 10 to 40 kilo-megacycles per second. The broad object of the invention is to devise a standing wave indicator for the measurement of standing waves over a four to one frequency band without interference from higher modes. Another object of the invention is to devise a standing wave indicator embodying a probe movable along the length of the waveguide but without the use of a longitudinal slot in the wall d the waveguide. In attaining the objects of our invention, a section of rectangular waveguide is formed in a circular arc or H-bend formed about an axis parallel with the E-plane, that is, parallel with the shorter transverse dimension of the wave guide. A section of one broad wall of the waveguide at the bend is constructed to rotate about the axis of the bend, and the probe of the indicator is carried by this movable wall section. By this arrangement, the joints between the movable wall section and the adjacent stationary wall sections are arranged at an angle to the

longitudinal axis of the waveguide which minimizes reflection from the joints. Also, the joints are formed by cylindrical surfaces which can be accurately machined to provide a minimum clearance between the two surfaces. By the construction just described, the pickup probe is carried by a movable wall section of the guide having its inner face arranged in the same plane as the inner faces of the adjacent stationary wall sections of the waveguide. Another object of the invention is to devise a novel arrangement for yieldably pressing the movable wall section of the guide into contact with the bent waveguide section at different points spaced along the bend. This is accomplished by spring pressed rolls acting on the rotary wall section. Other features of the invention include an arrangement for adjusting the insertion of the probe into the waveguide, and an arrangement embodied in the movable wall section for tuning the probe. One suitable embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of the indicator; Figure 2 is an elevational view of Figure 1 as seen from the lower side of that figure, but with the presser rolls omitted for a clearer view of other features; Figure 3 is a side elevation of Figure 1 but with the presser rolls omitted for a clearer view of other features; Figure 4 is a sectional view of the cover plate or movable wall section of the waveguide taken between the two plates forming this section; and Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Figure 1 showing the details of the presser roll mounting. Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the indicator comprises a base 1 supporting on its upper surface a section of rectangular waveguide bent about a vertical axis E extending parallel with the E-plane, the waveguide comprising two straight portions A and B and an intermediate curved portion C arranged in a circular arc about the axis E. As shown in Figure 2, the waveguide is of the "ridged" type having a ridge 2d extend ing upwardly from the bottom wall at the center thereof. For convenience in construction, the two side walls, the ridge 2d and the bottom wall of the channel in the waveguide are formed in separate parts 2a, 2b, and 2c secured to the base 1, and the upper wall of the waveguide channel is formed of three removable cover pieces. Two of these cover pieces 2al and 2bl are secured to end parts 2a and 2b, and the third cover piece is a circular cover plate or disk shown generally at D and mounted to rotate about the axis E. The cover plate D covers all of the center portion C of the waveguide and parts

of end portions A and B, the adjacent edges of cover pieces 2al and 2bl being formed in a circular arc to provide a close-fitting sliding joint between the two end cover pieces and the cover disk D. The center portion 2c of the waveguide is held in concentric relation with axis E by an inwardly extending arm 2cl having a bore which receives a vertical stud 3 mounted on base 1 concentric with the axis E. The outer ends of the bent waveguide section are provided with suitable coupling flanges shown at 2all and 2bll for coupling to other waveguide sections or devices. The preferred construction for the cover plate D involves a composite construction consisting of a lower plate 4 and an upper plate 5 secured in face-toiface contact by suitable means. The lower plate 4 carries on its lower face a facing plate 6 formed of high conductivity metal such as coin silver, the plate 6 being suitably secured to the plate 4 as by sweating. The plate 6 has a smooth lower face which engages the upper faces of guide parts 2a, 2b and 2c and together with cover pieces 2al and 2bl, forms the upper wall surface of the waveguide channel in these parts. The upper plate 5 carries on its upper face a dial disk 7 provided with suitable graduations around its edge arranged to move past Vernier graduations of a fixed Vernier plate 8 carried upon a standard la extending up from the base 1. The cover plate D is journalled for rotation about the axis E by means of a counterbore formed in the plate 6 and extending into the plate 4 for receiving the upper end of the stud 3. The facing plate 6 is slightly larger in diameter than plate 4 and preferably is of substantially the same thickness as the cover pieces 2al and 2bl. The adjacent edges of these cover pieces are formed in circular arcs which present cylindrical surfaces in close sliding contact with the cylindrical surface at the outer edge of the facing disk 6. The upper plate 5 is of larger diameter than lower plate 4 and is provided with gear teeth 5a formed around its outer periphery. The composite cover plate D is rotated about the axis E by means of a pinion 9 engaging teeth 5a and carried by a shaft 10 journalled in standard 11 and being operated by a knob 12 on the upper end of shaft 10. The lower plate 4 and the facing plate 6 is provided with a vertical bore 4a positioned directly above the ridge 2d (see Figure 3) through which the pick-up probe 13 extends into the channel of the waveguide. Probe 13 is formed of a fine wire supported at the end of the center conductor of a coaxial line embodied in the rotary plate D and connected to a suitable detector mounted in tubular casmg 14 extending vertically from plate D near the center thereof. The upper end of casing 14 is adapted to connect the detector to a suitable circuit for

indicating the value of the detected current or voltage. Rotary cover plate D is provided with a rectangular notch Da in its edge portions located opposite the probe 13. Two channels 15 and 16 of circular section are formed partly in plate 4 and partly in plate 5, as by boring or milling. These channels are arranaged parallel with each other and on opposite sides of the vertical plane which includes the probe 13 and the axis of detector casing 14, and both channels open through the bottom wall of the notch Da. These two channels are connected by a third channel 17 formed immediately below the detector casing 14. The inner end of channel 15 is connected with the vertical bore 4a for the probe 13 through a channel section 15a. The probe 13 is supported at the lower end of a vertical section 13a of the detector cable which in turn is supported by a horizontal section 13b located within channel 15a. The remaining parts of the center conductor of the coaxial cable include section 13c in channel 15 and section 13d in channel 17, the detector being connected to the mid point of section 13d by a vertical connection extending into the casing 14. Another cable section 13e connected to the end of 13d is arranged within channel 16 and is grounded to the plate D at 13f near the inner end of channel 16. The various sections of the cable conductor are supported by dielectric beads 18 as shown in Figure 4. A tuning rod 19 formed of dielectric material is arranged to slide longitudinally within the channel 15 and is provided with a longitudinal slot for receiving the conductor section 13c so that the rod 19 may overlap a variable portion of conductor section 13c. A similar tuning rod 20 is mounted for sliding movement within the channel 16 and overlaps a variable portion of conductor section 13e. The horizontal conductor section 13b is arranged so that its normal resilience tends to move the probe 13d vertically upwards, but such movement is restrained by a push rod 21 arranged for vertical adjustment in a vertical bore formed in plate 5 directly above the probe 13. This push rod is formed of dielectric material and is supported from an adjusting knob 22 which has screw threaded engagement with a mounting collar 23 supported on plate D. Rotation of the knob 22 varies the amount of insertion of the probe into the channel of the waveguide. It is important that good electrical contact be maintained between the facing plate 6 and the upper surfaces of waveguide parts 2a, 2b, and 2c. For this purpose provision is made to apply pressure on the upper surface of rotary cover plate D at a number of points spaced around its outer edge portion. One suitable arrangement is shown in Figures 1 and 5 of the drawing and involves three ball-bearing rolls 24a, 24b,

and 24c arranged to engage the upper surfaces of the cover plate D above the waveguide sections A, B, and C, respectively. These rollers are spring pressed against the cover plate D by a mounting arrangement illustrated in Figure 5. Each roll is supported upon a vertical post 25, passing through a vertical bore formed in the base 1, the roller being supported upon an inwardly extending arm 25a at the upper end of the post. The lower end of the post 25 extends below the horizontal table portion of the base 1, and a compressioin spring 26 surrounds the lower end portion of the post between the table of the base and an abutment 25b on the lower end of the post. Spring 26 urges the post downwardly and thereby applies pressure to the rotary plate D through the roller mounted on arm 25a. The post 25 is held against rotation about its axis by means of a pin 27 threaded in a horizontal bore in the base 1 and extending into a vertical slot 25c formed in the post. By the arrangement just described, proper contact is maintained between the rotary cover plate and both sides of the open face of the waveguide, and this is accomplished by pressure applied directly above different linear sections of the waveguide. This arrangement is more satisfactory than an arrangement which is designed to apply pressure at the center of the rotary cover plate. In our arrangement, no pressure is applied at the center of the cover plate, and the plate is free to move along the axis of the pivot stud 3 to a position in which the plate is properly seated upon the walls of the waveguide. Two arms 28a and 28b are secured to the top face of cover plate D and extend downwardly into opposite sides of the notch Da in positions to engage waveguide sections A and B respectively and thus limit the rotation of the cover plate D so that the probe 13 does not travel beyond the arcuate section C. While the arcuate section C of the waveguide is shown and described as extending over a 90" arc, this section may extend over a smaller or a greater angle, depending on the radius of curvature. The important factor is that the arcuate portion of the waveguide should have a length of at least one guide wavelength at the lowest frequency of the operating band. For example, the arcuate section for a frequency band of 10 to 40 kmc. would have a length of from 2 to 21 inches. While my invention has been shown and described as applied to a ridged waveguide, it is dear that it may be applied to the conventional rectangular waveguide without a ridge. What we claim is:- 1. A device for exploring standing waves comprising a rectangular waveguide having a portion thereof arranged in a circular arc about an axis extending parallel with the shorter transverse dimension of said guide, one broad wall of said guide being cut away in the plane of the

inner face thereof throughout said arcuate portion and along arcuate paths in the adjacent wall sections on opposite sides of said arcuate portion, a circular cover plate posi tioned to cover the open face of said waveguide and to rotate about said axis, the inner face of said rotary cover plate being in the same plane as the inner faces of said adjacent wall sectins, and a probe mounted upon said cover plate and extending through an aperture in said cover plate and into the channel of said waveguide. 2. A device according to Claim 1 and including means acting upon said rotary cover plate, at points spaced about the peripheral portion thereof, for yieldably pressing said cover plate into engagement with said waveguide. 3. A device according to Claim 1 and including a tubuluar detector casing mounted vertically upon said cover plate near the center thereof, and a coaxial line embodied in said cover plate connecting said probe and said detector casing. 4. A device according to Claim 3 wherein said probe is supported upon a section of the center conductor of said coaxial line, said conductor section comprising a resilient support for said probe normally urging said probe away from the channel of the waveguide, and an adjustable push-rod carried by said cover plate for moving said probe against the action of said conductor section. 5. A device according to Claim 3 and including tuning means for varying the effective length of said coaxial line connecting said probe and said detector casing. 6. A device according to Claim 1 and including a detector casing mounted upon said cover plate near the center thereof, a coaxial line connecting said probe and said detector casing, said coaxial line having a section thereof contained within a bore formed within said cover plate and opening through the outer edge of said plate, and a rod of dielectric material mounted for sliding within said bore to overlap a variable portion of said line section, said rod being slotted to receive the center conductor of said line section. 7. A device according to Claim 6 and including a short-:ircuited coaxial line connected to said first-mentioned coaxial line at the junction with said detector casing, and means for vary

* GB785624 (A)

Description: GB785624 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Double cylinder mortice locks

Description of GB785624 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,624 Date of filing Complete Specification: May 31, 1956. Application Date: June 3, 1955: Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 44, A 3 (B: X), A 5 A. International Classification:-E 05 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Double Cylinder Mortice Locks We, J LEGGE & COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Stafford Street, Willenhall, Staffordshire, and FRANK VICTOR LEGGE and JOHN ERNEST LEGGE, both s British Subjects and both of the Company's address, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to double cylinder mortice locks, that is to say mortice locks the mechanism of which is operable independently by either of two pin-tumbler cylinders mounted in opposite sides respectively of the lock case so that the lock can be actuated by a key from either side of the door. Double cylinder mortice locks commonly used have separate cylinder bodies of externally cylindrical form which are threaded to screw into correspondingly threaded and axially aligned holes in opposite cheeks of the lock case and which, after being entered through holes in the door and screwed into position in the lock case already fitted in the mortice, are secured against unscrewing by a cylinder clamp which engages grooves cut across the screw threads on the cylinder bodies and is operated by an anchored screw in the fore end of the lock case. In another and less common arrangement of double cylinder mortice lock, the two cylinder bodies, instead of being of cylindrical shape and screwing into the case cheeks, are of a non-circular cross-section, usually an inverted "key-hole" section, and are merely inserted separately in correspondingly shaped locating holes in the said cheeks and then secured against withdrawal each by a separate screw through the fore-end of the case and screwing into a tapped hole provided for the purpose in the cylinder body, usually in its upper or rib portion In yet another known form of double cylinder lock, the two cylinder bodies, of inverted "keyhole" cross-section, are integrally

formed, lPrice 3 s 6 d l the one-piece body accommodating the two rotary plugs in opposite ends being centrally gapped or recessed to afford a clearance for the radial tongues or throwers on the inner 50 ends of said plugs, and said one-piece body with its assembled plugs and throwers being inserted as a unit through aligned holes in the cheeks of the lock case and being secured in position by a single screw through the 55 fore-end and screwing into a tapped hole in that part of the said one-piece body which bridges the gap between the plugs This latter construction, however, has the disadvantage that the clearance gap is necessarily 60 small and in consequence considerable difficulty is experienced in assembling the springs and pin tumblers in position through the inner ends of the bores which receive the plugs from their outer ends as such assem 65 bly proceeds. A double cylinder mortice lock according to the present invention has two cylinder bodies of inverted "key-hole" or other noncylindrical cross-section which are separately 70 inserted through locating holes in the cheeks of the lock case, and is characterised in that each of said separate cylinder bodies has on its inner end a longitudinal extension which is disposed so as not to interfere with the 75 rotation of the tongue or thrower on the associated plug and is formed with a transverse tapped hole; that when the two separately inserted cylinders are correctly positioned in the lock case their longitudinal ex 80 tensions lie close alongside each other with their tapped holes in register, and that said cylinders are secured together and against withdrawal by a single fixing screw which extends through, or is accessible through, the 85 fore-end of said case and screws into the registered tapped holes in the two overlapped extensions of said bodies. The invention will now be described with reference to the embodiment shown, by way 90 of example, in the accompanying drawings; in which: No 16077/55. 2 785,624 Fig 1 is a side elevation of a double cylinder mortice lock with the cap side removed from the case so as to expose the internal mechanism. Fig 2 is a plan of the lock shown in Fig. 1, but with a portion of the top of the casing broken away to show how the two cylinders are located and secured together against withdrawal. Fig 3 is a perspective view of one of the cylinder bodies. Referring to the drawings, there are two identically similar cylinder bodies 10 of inverted "key-hole" cross-section,thelowercylindrical portion of each body 10 affordingthe bearing or barrel for a rotatable plug 11 and the upstanding radial rib portion constituting the housing for the pin tumbler mechanism for locking said plug 11 against rotation except when released by the insertion of the appropriate key

in the key slot 12 of said plug 11 After assembling the pin tumbler mechanism and the plug 11 in each cylinder body 10, tongues or throwers 13, in the form of gear segments, are secured one to the inner end of each plug 11 The radial rib portion of each cylinder body 10 is formed integrally on its inner end with a half-width longitudinal extension 14 which is so disposed as not to interfere with the rotation of the tongue or thrower 13 and has a length somewhat greater than twice the thickness of the latter Each rib extension 14 is formed centrally with a through hole 15 which is screw-threaded to receive a fixing screw 16. The mechanism mounted in the case side 17 of the lock is as claimed in Patent Specication No 729,254 and comprises the dead bolt 18 which slides through the apertured double fore end 19 and has a lath or tail 20 guided by a lanket slot 21 upon a fixed stump 22, a pivoted toothed segment 23 which can be operated by either of the tongues or throwers 13 and which has a radial arm 24 for engaging a talon 25 in the bolt lath 20 and moving the bolt 18 into either of its extreme positions according to the direction of rotation imparted by either of said tongues or throwers 13, and a strip spring 26 which is anchored on the stump 22 and loads the radial arm 24 of the pivoted segment 23 to maintain the latter in either of its extreme positions Also fixed in the case side 17 are three angle brackets 27, 28 and 29 with axially aligned holes through their trasnversely directed flanges for locating the screw 16 which is passed into position through aligned holes in the double fore end 19 The cheeks of the case side 17 and the cap side 30 of the lock are formed with locating holes 31 for the cylinder bodies 10. Each of these holes 31 has a semi circular lower end which engages and conforms to the underside of the barrel portion of the cylinder body, an upper portion which receives and conforms to the top and upper side faces of the rib on the cylinder body 10, and an intermediate portion which affords a clearance for the passage of the tongue or thrower 13 when this is centrally aligned with 70 the rib portion of the cylinder body The transversely directed flanges of the angle brackets 28, 29 confront each other, the confronting faces being flush with the side edges of the upper or rib-locating part of the hole 75 31 in the case side 17, whilst any of the screw holes in the brackets 27, 28, 29 may be tapped for the screw 16, though this is not necessary and they may be merely clearance holes 80 After cutting the mortice in the closing edge of the door and making the requisite hole through the thickness of the door to accommodate the pin tumbler cylinders, the lock minus the outer fore end plate and said 85 cylinders is inserted in the mortice and secured by fixing screws through holes in the inner plate of the fore end 19 The outer or face plate of the fore end can now be

fixed by screws to the inner plate of the fore end 90 19, and the screw 16 can be entered through the hole provided for it in the double fore end 19 and through the hole in the locating bracket 27 until the leading end of said screw 16 enters but does not project from the hole 95 in the bracket 28 Having done this, the pin tumbler cylinders, with the tongues or throwers 13 centrally aligned with the rib portions of the bodies 10, are entered in turn, from opposite sides through the holes in the 100 door and the holes 31 in the cheeks of the lock case, so as to bring the extensions 14 into overlapping side-to-side relationship between the confronting faces of the brackets 28, 29 and with the holes 15 in register with 105 each other and with those in the said brackets That cylinder 10 which has its extension 14 nearer the fore end would be inserted first and the screw 16 partially screwed into its tapped bole 15, whereupon the other 110 cylinder 10 is inserted and the screw 16 is screwed fully through both tapped holes 15 into the hole in the bracket 29 and is tightened up to secure the cylinders together and against withdrawal When so connected, the 115 end face of each extension 14 abuts the shoulder or step afforded at the root end of the other extension so as to align the cylinder bodies 10 correctly, said extensions 14 jointly constituting a bridge between said 120 bodies and leaving a clearance or gap to accommodate the movements of the tongues or throwers 13. The extensions on the inner ends of the radial rib portions of the cylinder bodies may 125 be provided or formed with complementary longitudinally disposed and mutually locating and guiding means which slidably engage as the cylinder bodies are being mounted Such locating and guiding means 130 785,624 der bodies has on its inner end a longitudinal extension which is disposed so as not to interfere with the rotation of the tongue 45 or thrower on the associated plug and is formed with a transverse tapped hole; that when the two separately inserted cylinders are correctly positioned in the lock case their longitudinal extensions lie close alongside 50 each other with their tapped holes in register, and that said cylinders are secured together and against withdrawal by a single fixing screw which extends through, or is accessible through, the fore end of said case 55 and screws into the registered tapped holes in the two overlapped extensions of said bodies. 2 A double cylinder mortice lock as

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* GB785625 (A)

Description: GB785625 (A)

No title available

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,625 f i N Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 21, 1955. No 21095/55. Application made in Germany on Aug 2, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 36, E 2; 38 ( 1), E( 3 E 4 A: 19); and 39 ( 2), B 2 F. International Classification:-CO 3 c H Oik H 02 f. i COMPLETE IS Pi ECI Wl CATION Improvements in or relating to Electrical Contact Members We, TELEFUNKEN G M B H, a company organised under the flaws of Germany, of Sickingenastrasse 71, Berlin NW 87, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be pariticularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to electrical contact members and is more particularly concerned with contact members in the form of pins employed in electron discharge devices. Contact members for example contact pins of electron discharge devices for operation at high frequencies must in addition to their electrical

conducting properties also possess a mechanical strength for,their intended purpose, for example they must be 'capable of being welded so other metal conductors. Furthermore such pins must retain their high electrical conductivity after being subjected to high temperatures such as is encounted when these pins are heat sealed to glass in the formation of the contact making base of the device, i e they should not produce oxides or sulphides which are detrimental to electrical conductivity. It has already been proposed to employ copper plated iron-nickel wires land nickel plated iron wires as contact pins of electron discharge devices, to improve their high frequency conductivity, but these pins suffer from the disadvantage that they become brittle when heat treated as in the heat sealing through glass and are liable to break, It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved contact member which satisfies the above requirements as to mechanical strength and high frequency conductivity. According to the invention there is provided an electrical contact member comprisIng a metal, core and a surface layer of an alloy of copper and cadmium or of copper, cadmiunm land tin wherein the said alloy consists of copper with I-65 per cent cadmium r Price or from 1- 5 per cent each of cadmium and In applying the invention to the formation of contact pins for heat sealing into glass and therefore suitable for the production of contact making bases for electron discharge devices, wire stock, comprising;a metal core, which is capable of resisting mechanical stress such as iron or nickel is provided with a surface layer in any convenient manner, such as by plating of an alloy of 'copper and cadmium or an alloy of copper, cadmium and tin which contains from 1-5 per cent cadmium or from 1 5 per cent of each cadmium and tin. When the core metal is iron it is preferable to employ an iron which has 'a low carbon content The individual contact pins are then formed from this stock wire by the known method of rolling and separation By employing a core metal of iron or of nickel the pins can easily be welded to other metals by the use of the known forms of electrode welding machines, Contact members produced in this manner are suitable for heat sealing into soft glass and because of the nature of the core material they maintain their mechanical stability i e. they do not become brittle, furthermore, the good electrical conductivity of the alloy coating is not impaired by this heat treatment.

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* GB785626 (A)

Description: GB785626 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to the treatment of water

Description of GB785626 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

BE545414 (A) CH340457 (A) NL92131 (C) BE545414 (A) CH340457 (A) NL92131 (C) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: BERNWARD GARRE 785,626 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 29, 1956. No 9961/56. Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Classes 1 ( 3), A 1 (D 37: G 47 D 37); 46, Bli B, C; and 123 ( 1), D 2 B International Classification: -C Olf C 02 b F 061. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Water ERRATA S O SPECIFICATION No 785,626: Page 1, line 16, for " phasphates " read "phosphates" Page 1, line 82,

after "of" insert "from" Page 2, line 4, for " silic " read " silicic" THE PATENT OFFICE, 12th December, 1957. phosphates, the amount or piluzapu L solved by the water depending on a number of factors, in particular the solubility of the phosphate, the flow rate of the water being treated, and the grain size of the phosphate. A disadvantage which has been noticed in practice in connection with the treatment of water with sparingly soluble phosphates, especially when the water being treated has a German hardness of less than 80, is that water so treated causes corrosion of metal pipes through which it flows This corrosion is particularly noticeable with iron pipes, and is a grave disadvantage attendant on the use of water treated with sparingly soluble phosphates. It has now been found that if from 0510 % of crystalline silicic acid, based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate, is incorporated in the sparingly soluble phosphate, the disadvantage above referred to is substantially reduced. According to the invention, therefore, we provide a process for the treatment of water which comprises treating water with a sparingly soluble phosphate containing from 05% by weight of crystalline silicic acid based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate The invention also comprises water lPrice 3 s 6 d l manner, provided that the silicic acid in the final product is in crystalline form and is within the range of from 05-10 % by weight, based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate. Thus, for example, silicic acid which has been freshly precipitated by any convenient method such as by the addition of acid to a solution of an alkali metal silicate, may be mixed with a sparingly soluble phosphate, such as calcium metaphosphate, and the mass fused, the fused mass being cooled in such a manner that the silicic acid is present in the resulting product in crystalline form. As stated above the range of silicic acid, based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate, is from 05-10 % by weight; advantageously it may be present in a range of 1.0-3 0 % Any suitable sparingly soluble phosphate may be used but we particularly prefer to use calcium meta-phosphate. The concentration of sparingly soluble phosphate and silicic acid in water treated according to the process of the present invention will vary according to the flow rate of the water being treated and the solubility and concentration of the sparingly soluble phosphate containing silicic acid, these conditions being PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: BERNWARD GARRE 785,626 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 29, 1956. No 9961/56.

Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Classes 1 ( 3), A 1 (D 37: G 47 D 37); 46, Bli B, C; and 123 ( 1), D 2 B International Classification: -COI Lf C 02 b F 061. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Water -We, GEBRUDER GIULINI G M B H, a Body Corporate organised under the Laws of Germany, of Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to the treatment of water, more particularly with the treatment of water with sparingly soluble phosphates. As is well known the hardness of water may be reduced by treating it with sparingly soluble phosphates such as ortho meta or polyphasphates In one method of treatment water is allowed to flow over the sparingly soluble phosphates, the amount of phosphates dissolved by the water depending on a number of factors, in particular the solubility of the phosphate, the flow rate of the water being treated, and the grain size of the phosphate. A disadvantage which has been noticed in practice in connection with the treatment of water with sparingly soluble phosphates, especially when the water being treated has a German hardness of less than 8 , is that water so treated causes corrosion of metal pipes through which it flows This corrosion is particularly noticeable with iron pipes, and is a grave disadvantage attendant on the use of water treated with sparingly soluble phosphates, It has now been found that if from 0510 % of crystalline silicic acid, based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate, is incorporated in the sparingly soluble phosphate, the disadvantage above referred to is substantially reduced. According to the invention, therefore, we provide a process for the treatment of water which comprises treating water with a sparingly soluble phosphate containing from 05% by weight of crystalline silicic acid based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate The invention also comprises water lPrice 3 s 6 d L treated by the process according to the invention. It is essential that the silicic acid present in the sparingly soluble phosphates is in crystal 50 line form, as amorphous silicic acid does not effect a reduction of the corrosive effect of water treated with sparingly soluble phosphates referred to above Whether silicic acid is in crystalline or amorphous form can readily 55 be determined by taking a Debge-Scherrer Xray photograph of the material under examination In the case of crystalline silicic acid clearly defined

lines due to silicon dioxide can be seen on the photograph, whilst in the case 60 of amorphous silicic acid, no such lines are apparent. The silicic acid may be incorporated in the sparingly soluble phosphate in any convenient manner, provided that the silicic acid in the 65 final product is in crystalline form and is within the range of from 05-10 % by weight, based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate. Thus, for example, silicic acid which has 70 been freshly precipitated by any convenient method such as by the addition of acid to a solution of an alkali metal silicate, may be mixed with a sparingly soluble phosphate, such as calcium metaphosphate, and the mass 75 fused, the fused mass being cooled in such a manner that the silicic acid is present in the resulting product in crystalline form. As stated above the range of silicic acid, based on the weight of the sparingly soluble 80 phosphate, is from 05-10 % by weight; advantageously it may be present in a range of 1.0-3 0 % Any suitable sparingly soluble phosphate may be used but we particularly prefer to use calcium meta-phosphate 85 The concentration of sparingly soluble phosphate and silicic acid in water treated according to the process of the present invention will vary according to the flow rate of the water being treated and the solubility and con 90 centration of the sparingly soluble phosphate containing silicic acid, these conditions being 785,626 varied to give the required results In general, however, the proportion of silicic acid present in the water will be of the order of 0 01 mg. of silic acid per litre of water, and that of the sparingly soluble phosphate of the order of 2 mg per litre. In order that the invention may be well understood the following example is given by way of illustration only:EXAMPLE To calcium metaphosphate was added 2 % of precipitated silicic acid, based on the weight of the calcium metaphosphate The mixture was heated to fusion and two samples taken from the melt The first sample was slowly cooled whilst the second sample was rapidly chilled, the latter yielding a clear transparent product on solidification the former a product having a milky turbidity. Debge photographs were taken of both the slowly cooled and rapidly chilled products, the slowly cooled product showing well marked lines due to silicon dioxide, the rapidly chilled product showing no such lines The slowly cooled product therefore contains crystalline silicic acid. Both products were then subjected to comparative tests to determine their action on articles made of iron Water streams of 100 litres each were led over both types of sparingly soluble phosphates containing silicic acid.

The water stream so treated was then allowed to flow through Erlenmeyer flasks in which small iron plates of 50 mm length, 10 mm breath and 1 mm thickness were hung After a period of 20 days the iron plates were taken out, dried and weighed. The plates which had hung in the flasks through which the water containing the slowly cooled, sparingly soluble phosphate had flowed, showed an increase in weight of 6 %, whereas the plates which had hung in the flasks through which the water containing the rapidly chilled phosphates was passed, had diminished their weight by 2 5 %. This example shows that by treating the water with a product which contains crystalline silicic acid, a protective film builds up on the surface of the metal, whilst the water treated with a product containing amorphous silicic acid strongly attacked the metal.

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* GB785627 (A)

Description: GB785627 (A) ? 1957-10-30

An assembly of parts for forming a member of a heat exchanger

Description of GB785627 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785 627 ^ Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Aug19,1955. No 23933/55. Application made in United States of America on Sept 20, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 83 ( 2), A 158; and 83 ( 4), S( 2 B: 2 G: 4). International Classification:-B 23 k, p.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION An Assembly of Parts for Forming a Member of a Heat Exchanger We, THE, AIR PREHEATER CORPORATION, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New York, United States of America, located at 60 East 42nd Street, New York, 17, 'State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of plate type heat exchangers which are utilized in the transmission of heat between two confined fluids and it relates particularly to an improved; method of assembling heat exchanger envelopes which have rows of undulated wires carried by channel members wherein the wires are held in spaced upright relation between metallic plates that form walls of a fluid passage by means of preformed spacers, lying normal to the wires and channel members, and constituted of the brazing material utilized to bond the wires and channels to each other and to the plates. Frequently, an apparatus for the transferof heat between two confined fluids is made up of a plurality of metallic plates spaced apart to form passages through alternate ones of which a relatively hot fluid flows while air or other fluid to be heated traverses the intermediate passages Commonly a series of envelope" components are provided, these envelope components including parallel plates with the space therebetween closed along one pair of opposite edges to laterally limit opposite sides of the passage for the heating fluid. The envelopes are mounted in spaced parallel relation to form passages for the fluid to be heated and the inter-envelope spaces are similarly closed along one pair of opposite sides. Such spaced envelope components form 'a core that is usually enclosed within a housing with which are associated inlet and outlet lPrice 3 s 6 d l manifolds and supply and discharge ducts for the two fluids. To increase the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger, the walls of the fluid passageways are frequently provided with fins projecting into the path of the fluids and serving to increase the conduction of heat to and through the walls that bound the passages. The extended surface fins extending between walls may comprise sinuously bent wires forming a continuous series of U-shaped loops whose legs constitute pin-liike fins projecting from the walls bounding the passage To promote efficient heat transfer through pins and separating walls good bonds must be provided between each element such as afforded by brazing or welding and each heat exchange element must be spaced 'according to a predetermined' pattern to provide the surface necessary for the transmission of heat and the distribution of

fluid flow. The present invention consists of an assembly of pants for forming a member of a heat exchanger including a passage wall defining a side of a fluid passageway, said passage wall comprising a metallic plate having a plurality of elongated members spaced' apart in parallel relationship and mounted longitudinally along a face of said plate to provide extended surface on one side thereof, characterized in that a preformed piece of brazing material, lies normal to:said elongated members and is interconnected therewith so as to provide a positioning element at low temperatures, for maintaining the elongated members laterally spaced in an upright position, while at elevated temperatures said positioning element is melted and is drawn by capillarity into the interstices between abutting elements. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger envelope component having a walli broken away to show a particular form of fusible wire element positioning means. Figure 2 is a similar perspective view showSO ing a slightly different form of wire positioning means. Figure 3 is a similar perspective view showing a form of tubular wire element positioning means. Figures 4 and 5 schematically illustrate cross-sectional views of metallic tubing to be used in connection with the positioning means of Figure 3. Figure 6 is a perspective view of a wall of a heat exchanger having extended surface fins spaced apart by a form of fusible positioning means; and Figure 7 illustrates a cross section of the positioning means of Figure 6. In a preferred form of this invention, the heat exchangers are made up from a plurality of separate envelope components each comprising metallic plates 11 and 12 spaced apart to form a passageway 13 itherebetween while the spaces outside the walls and located between adjacent envelope components of a completed heat exchanger form passages for the other fluid To provide extended surface in the passageway 13 a plurality of fin elements are mounted between the inner surfaces of the walls 11 and 12 in the form of wires 14 sinuously bent to form U-shaped loops extending back and forth so the leg portions thereof constitute pin-like fins 15 extendingbetween the walls To facilitate bonding these sinuous elements ito the passage walls 11 and 12, channel members 16 are fitted over and along the yoke portions These channel members provide increased surface for brazing and they also serve as stiffening members which increase the overall strength -of the envelope to enable it to withstand relatively high differentials of pressure. In bonding the wall plates 11 and 12 together with the sinuous wire

members 14 and the channel members 16 into an integral unit, a process of furnace brazing has proved most satisfactory since by such a process, the constituent elements are permanently placed in a mutually good heat transfer relationship and the entire assembling operation may be speedily performed with a minimum of handling The individual devices of this invention incorporate the use of permanent wire positioning channels 16 together with disposable non-permanent positioners formed from brazing material which, upon being heated to the brazing temperature, are reduced to a liquid state and subsequently flow into the spaces between elements thus eliminating any obstruction to fluid flow as well as adding their content to the brazing material initially placed between all surfaces which are to be bonded together. In the drawing, Figure 1 illustrates a type of heat exchanger envelope comprising a pair of plates 11 and 12 separated by parallel rows of sinuously bent wires 14 forming a continuous series of U-shaped loops whose legs comprise pins 15 extending from plate 11 to plate 12 In this arrangement a series of single channel members 16 are fitted over and along the wire loops to provide rigidity to the sinuous wires while a positioning means 17, lying 70 normal to the wires 14 and channel members 16 serves to maintain the sinuous strips evenly spaced and in an upright position. Since the positioning device 17 is formed from a brazing medium, it will completely 75 melt 'when the assembled envelope is raised to a brazing temperature and the resulting quantity of molten brazing metal will be drawn by a process of capillarity into the spaces between abutting envelope members, and when 80 cooled will become an integral portion of the brazed joints in the envelope assembly. The positioning devices 17 of Figure 1 structurally comprise metallic strips of copper or other brazing material having parallel longi 85 tudinal flanges 1 S at opposite edges thereof and parallel openings 20 extending in an unbroken row therebetween The openings 20 are separated a distance equal to a predetermined spacing desired' between the sinuous 90 wire strips 14 and are of a size permitting entrance of the sinuous wire strips and their oppositely disposed aligning channels 16 As illustrated in Figure 1, the openings 20 may be punched or pierced in such a manner 95 that a tab 22 extends from one side to add vertical stability to the positioning member and when assembled together with a plurality of sinuous wire strips, each tab exerts a slight side pressure on the wire 14 and channels 16 100 thereby adding a degree of rigidness to the assembly Under certain conditions however, it may be desirable to punch the strip 17 so that the tabs 22 are entirely removed causing the sinuous wire strips to be somewhat less 105 tightly held in position.

In assembling a heat exchanger envelope according to the disclosure of Figure 1, the envelope plate 12 is first supported in a horizontal plane and a sheet or quantity of braz 110 ing material 19 sufficient to substantially cover the plate with a predetermined thickness of material is placed upon the upper surface thereof An assembly or matrix of sinuous wires and their cooperating channels 16 115 spaced apart by positioning devices 17 is mounted on these elements and a second sheet or quantity of brazing material is supported upon the spaced vweb portions of the upper channels 16 Subsequently a top plate 11 is 120 superposed over the incomplete assembly and placed in alignment with the lower plate 12. Additional quantities or strips of brazing material are used as liners for each channel 16 so that when the entire assembly is heated 125 to a brazing temperature the wire loops will be positively brazed to the channels and the channels will in turn be brazed to the plates with a plentiful supply of brazing material at the precise point of usage 130 785,627 through aligned, openings in the series of sinuous wires, the tubing may be expanded so as to 'be deformed at 39 around each wire or other surrounding unit thereby binding itself and the surrounding units into a fixed relation 70 ship. In Figure 6 another modification shows a plate 11 having parallel rows of channel members 41 spaced along a face thereof These channels 41 may form extended surfaces on 75 the outer faces of plates 11, 12 In this showing metallic strips 40 have been formed into positioning clips which engage adjacent channels and maintain them positively spaced until the brazing operation is complete Each 80 metallic strip 40 has a base portion 40 A lying in a single plane and evenly spaced offset portions 40 B interrupting said base portion and lying removed, from the plane thereof As with the other formst of the invention, a sheet or 85 quantity of 'brazing material 19 is placed upon the wall plate 11 to supply brazing medium at the exaot point of usage The strips 40 are formed from a 'brazing material so when heated to a brazing temperature, they melt and flow 90 into the interstices between abutting channels and plates and upon cooling will become an integral part of the composite structural assembly.

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