52441406 Hotel Management

8/11/2019 52441406 Hotel Management

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Existing System

Hotel Breeze Ritz is based in Goa and is one of the best and mostluxurious hotels in Goa. Hotel Breeze Ritz also offers round theclock coffee shop and room service for its guests. There are 30single rooms !" double rooms #" suites and #0 villas for its specialguests. Ritz has hired a $ell%trained staff and managers to providethe best possible services to its guests. Ritz has al$a&s tried their

best to maintain guest information $hether the& are currentl& sta&ing$ith them or the& have leaved through a semi computerized hotelmanagement s&stem. The desk manager checks in his computer if a

room suiting guest's need is empt& and then asks the guest to fill upa small form to kno$ about their details. These details are thenentered in the hotel management s&stem. Hotel management s&stemmaintains the record of the room occupanc& and the guests currentl&sta&ing $ith them respectivel&. (&stem also maintains the billing of the guest according to their respective room t&pes and time of sta& atthe Ritz.

)resent s&stem is not able to maintain information about hotel staff i.e. managers room service laundr& staff etc. *s soon as the s&stemis intimated of guest departure the s&stem generates the total of guest

bill and then deletes all the guest information on bill clearance thedesk manager needs to cop& all the details in a separate register tomaintain a guest database of the ones $ho have sta&ed $ith Ritz.This practice $as not found effective $hen the entries in the register kept on increasing and later searching became a big mess. Ritz $antsto provide reservation services but such a option is not available in

its current s&stem. The guests are asked to fill the form havingfollo$ing particulars%

• +ame• *ddress• )hone no.• ,heck in date and time



Problems with current system

,urrent s&stem used b& Ritz is a semi%computerized s&stem in sensethat it does not maintain database of the guests $ho have checkedout of hotel. The staff needs to cop& the guest details in a register

before clearing billing details as data about the guest is deleted fromthe s&stem after clearance of bills. This practice is not efficient as b&each da& the no. of entries in the database increase and as it is notcomputerized later information search takes a lot of time and theerror is expected to be high as cop&ing from the computer is noterror proof. )resent s&stem doesn't offer an& service for room

reservation $hich is must for a hotel like Ritz dealing $ith reputed people that to in such a large no. )resent s&stem doesn't maintainan& information of the staff i.e. record of all the staff members suchas laundr& man floor $ise room cleaning and maintenance staff.



PURPOSE (O this !ocument"

The origin of most soft$are s&stems is in the need of a client $hoeither $ants to automate the existing manual s&stem or desires a ne$soft$are s&stem. The soft$are s&stem is itself created b& thedeveloper. -inall& the end user $ill use the completed s&stem. Thusthere are three ma or parties interested in a ne$ s&stem/ the clientthe user and the developer. (omeho$ the re uirements for thes&stem that $ill satisf& the needs of the clients and the concerns of the users have to be communicated to the developer. The problem isthat the client usuall& the soft$are or the soft$are development

process and the developer does not understand the clients problemand the application area. This causes a communication gap bet$eenthe parties involved in the development of the pro ect.

The basic purpose of soft$are re uirement specification is to bridge this communication gap. (R( is the medium through $hichthe client and the users need are accuratel& specified1 indeed (R(forms the basis of soft$are development.

*nother important purpose of developing an (R( is helping

the clients understanding their o$n needs. *n (R( establishes the basis for agreement bet$een the client and the supplier on $hat thesoft$are product $ill do.*n (R( provides a reference for validation of the final product.

* high ualit& (R( is a prere uisite to high ualit& soft$areand it also reduces the development cost.



O#er$tions or #ro#ose! system

The ne$ s&stem should support follo$ing operations such as%• *dd guest or allot room.This is 2 process needing the guest fill up a small formmentioning his basic particulars and this information is later fed in the computer.

• )resent statusThis operation tells the present status of the hotel in all termstill that da& i.e. rooms and the guests sta&ing in the hotel total

bill amount.

• Room searchThis option asks for the room t&pe $hich needs to be checkedfor a sta&. * customized search can also be performed for guest's convenience such as floor no. and room no.

• Room reservation

Room reservation option should provide a service to reserve aroom in the hotel if one is available and later could be given oa guest if guest can manage till the reservation time $hich ishard to maintain in a manual s&stem.

• onthl& report(&stem should generate a monthl& report of the hotel's

business in the past month i.e. room occupanc& details t&pe of room mostl& occupied most revenue generating room t&peand the total billing details.

• 4iscount service for the guests $ho revisit the hotel in amonth or a t$o or to the guests $ho keep on visiting Ritzregularl&.

• 4atabase management s&stemThe s&stem should maintain the information of the all theguests $ho earlier sta&ed $ith the Ritz $ith uick searchoptions in it $ith parameters like name phone no. cit& etc.



• +o unauthorized access to guest database and s&stem should be entertained1 therefore a pass$ord protection feature needsto be present in the ne$ s&stem.

• The s&stem should be directl& linked to the internet allo$ingthe guests to even check hotel's details and hence enablingonline reservation.



%EASI&ILI'Y O% ' E PRO)U*'

The feasibilit& of the product is a uestion that conforms realit&to the ideas. -easibilit& test is critical .The dimensions that definethe feasibilit& of pro ect are/

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

The cost of developing the soft$are ma& be high but cost of extramanpo$er is definitel& higher in the long run and the s&stem here need

not be built from scrap but it is developed over a s&stem 5alread& in use6$ith added features. The cost of developing ne$ s&stem includes cost of a server for database plus the cost of developing the soft$are. But thesavings are the costs of extra manpo$er cost of registers etc.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

7t onl& needs "%8 people ust to keep a check on the guest's activities. Thetechnical feasibilit& is high and the soft$are can be deplo&ed on an&machine having ,99 ,ompiler such as Turbo and icrosoft visualstudio.

ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY

The soft$are is simple1 the hotel staff $ill find it ver& eas& to perform allthe re uired obs as the& are familiar $ith a similar s&stem. 7t $ould also

be ver& convenient for the guests as the s&stem is read& $ith man& ne$features and eas& to use.



SO%'+ARE MO)EL USE)

-or hotel management the linear se uential model seems to suite the

best because of the follo$ing reasons.

#. )ro ect being small demands a s&stematic and se uentialapproach to soft$are development i.e. re uirement anal&sisdesign coding testing and support to occur in se uence.

2. (tructure is less complex $ith less need of iteration.

3. *ll re uirements for the pro ect have been explicitl& stated atthe beginning. :ur specification and re uirements are clear1$e need not modif& it again and again. There is ver& littlescope of guest's deviation from current re uirements codingand testing after detailed anal&sis is much eas&.



PRO,RAMMIN, LAN,UA,E USE)

The coding has been done in Turbo ,99. ,99 is based on theconcept of ::)( 5:b ect :riented )aradigm6 $hich thereb&enhances the functionalit& of the program $ith man& reusablecomponents like functions etc. ,99 is the best choice for this pro ectallo$ing eas& access to $hat $as once the daunting task of mastering the man& controls and messages of the $indo$senvironment.



SYS'EM SPE*I%I*A'ION

The soft$are is developed in Turbo ,99.

• OPERA'IN, SYS'EM

Windows 98/2000/XP/Vista

• MEMORY RE-UIREMEN'S

inimum #0 mb R*

• )ISPLAY

*n& onitor $ill do.



RE-UIREMEN'ANALYSIS



REQUIREMENT ELICITATION

It is an approach that helps in overcoming the problem of scope,under stability and volatility of the project by providing theguidelines for requirement gathering activity in an organizedmanner.

INITIATING THE PROCESS

The objective and requirements of the software were decided uponby group discussions, interviews and meetings with the guest.

This project aims at automating the database and functioning of hotel system.

The software would benefit the hotel management in reducingthe workforce and tasks for marinating the records.

The users of the software is primarily the managerial staff mainly desk managers and data managers.

FACILITTED APPLICATION

SPECIFICATION TECHNIQUE(FAST)

It is a work product of team of end users and software engineersthat help in understanding the software demands completely bygenerating the following:

List o Ser.ices/





2eport generation at the end of each month"automatic# with anoption of any time generation .

USE CASE

use case for the hotel system is as follows:The hotel staff observes the main menu to select one of thefollowing options to perform corresponding function:

3heck in.3heck out.2oom records.%uest record.!odify.2eport.&elp.-)it.

ccording to the choice entered function is performed.If a wrongchoice is entered,approprite message is displayed .

ACTORS AND ROLES

n actor is anything that communicates with the system or productand that is e)ternel to the system itself.

Di&&e e"t ' e# pe &'!ed i" 'te

!*"*%e!e"t



♦ Interaction with user ♦ 4isten to customer's requirment♦ !aintanence of all accounting information.♦ &elping customer

ACTORS

These roles can be performed by three different actor i.e

♦

2eceptionist♦ ccountant♦ &elper

r simply all the roles can be performed by

♦ 2eceptionist.



)A'A MO)ELIN,

0

)ESI,NS



ANALYSIS MO)ELLIN,

The anal&sis model achieves three primar& ob ectives/%

• To describe $hat the customer re uires.

• To establish a basis for the creation of soft$are design.

• To define set of re uirements that can be validated.

7t uses a combination of text and diagrammatic form to depict

re uirements for data function and behavior in a $a& that isrelativel& eas& to understand and revie$.

;ntit&Relation4iagram

4ata-lo$

diagram

(tate% Transition4iagram

4ata4ictionar&



The follo$ing tools have been used to model the s&stem.

Entity Rel$tionshi# )i$gr$m (ER)" specifies therelationships bet$een data ob ects and attribute of eachdata ob ect can be described using a data ob ectdescription.

)$t$ %low )i$gr$m ()%)" provides an indication of ho$data are transformed as the& move through the s&stem.*lso depicts the function that transforms the data flo$.

PSPE* specifies the $ork of each process i.e. thedescription of each function presented in 4-4.

St$te 'r$nsition )i$gr$m (S')" indicates ho$ thes&stem behaves as the conse uence of external events.

)$t$ !iction$ry has been used as a repositor& thatcontains description of all data ob ects consumed or produced b& the soft$are.



ENTITY RELATIONSHIPDIAGRAM

ROOM

PAYMENT

&OO1IN,

ADD

H'te

ACCOM+ODATE

CUSTOMER

,ILL

NO OFROOMS

-IND

SER.ICES



CONTE/T LE.EL DIAGRAM

,ommandsCUSTOMER

HOTELMANAGEMENT SCREENdispla&





<;=;< # 4-4

,>(T: ;R

R;,;)T7:+7(T

? # ain

enu?#.#,heck

7n

?#.2,heck:ut

?#.3 Room

Record ?#.! ,ustomer Record

?#.8Repor t

?#.@ ;xit

?#.

";dit

guest.dat

?#.AHelp

guest.dat

?#.2.#Billing

)rovides helpfor allfunctions ofmain menu

<ist of Rooms and

guest

,ustomer.dat Room.dat

,ustomer.dat



<;=;< 2 4-4

;47T

Room.dat

Room +o. R;,;)T7:+

?#." ;47T

?#.".#

*dd RoomRecords

?#.".2odif&

RoomRecords

?#.".34eleteRoomRecords

Room.dat

Room.dat Room.dat



STATE TRANSITIONDIAGRAM

,ustomer ;nters

(ho$Records

,ustomer Records,heck :ut

+e$ ,ustomer

aintain Record

,ustomer info

aintain ,ustomer

data

,ustomer info

aintain Record

odif&

7nfo aintain,ustomer Record

4ispla&ing info

7nteraction $ith ,ustomer



DATA DICTIONARYN$me/ Telephone +umber Ali$ses/ +ame+here2 ow Use!/ ;dit guest record 57nput6

*dd customer record 57nput6 4ispla& guest record 5:utput6

)escri#tion/

Telephone +o. C D<ocal E obile +o. F<ocal +o. C *ccess +o.

obile +o. C )refix 9 *ccess +o.)refix C D @ E 2 E 3 E F*ccess +o. C *n& eight digit no. string



PRO3E*' ME'RI*ES



PRO3E*' ME'RI*ES

)ro ect metrics are used to control and coordinate soft$areengineering process and to improve ualit& of the soft$are to be

produced. )ro ect specific metrics provide indication of productivit& and insight into the technical activities. *dapt pro ect $orkflo$ and technical activities and code.

%UN*'ION ORIEN'E) ME'RI*ES

-unction oriented metrics use function point as normalizationvalue. -unction points are derived using an empiricalrelationship based on countable 5direct6 measure of soft$are'sinformation domain and assessments of soft$are complexit&.

*$lcul$tion o com#lexity $!4ustment .$lues /

Grade



val

ue

4oes the s&stem re uire reliable backup and recover& "

*re data communications re uired 3

*re there distributed processing functions 07s performance critical !Iill the s&stem run in an existing heavil& utilizedoperational environment

!

4oes the s&stem re uire online data entr& 24oes the on%line data entr& re uire the input transaction to

be built over multiple screens or operations2

*re the master files updated online #*re the inputs outputs in uiries complex 27s the internal processing complex !7s the code designed to be reusable 0*re conversion and installation included in the design 0

7s the s&stem designed for multiple installations in differentorganizations

0

7s the application designed to facilitate change and ease ofuse b& the user

3

J-C 30

,alculation of %unction #oint for the hotel soft$are/

Me$surement #$r$meterCount +eighting

$ctor($.er$ge""

+eightingcount

+umber of user inputs 2! #0 2!0 +umber of user outputs 2# @ #8@ +umber of user en uiries 2 # 2 +umber of files 3 # 3 +umber of externalinterfaces

# # #

,ount total !#!



-unction point C Total count x 50.8" 9 0.0# x 5J - i66C !#! x 50.8" 9 0.0# x 306C 2@#."2

:nce function point has been calculated it can be used tonormalize measures for soft$are ualit& productivit& and other attributes(uch as/

;rrors per -)4efects per -)

K per -)

RISK ANALYSIS AND

MANAGEMENT



RIS1 ANALYSIS 0 MANA,EMEN'

*((;((7+G :=;R*<< )R:L;,T R7(M

#. Top soft$are and customer managers are formall& committed tosupport the pro ect.

2. ;nd users are moderatel& committed to use the pro ect.3. Re uirements are full& understood b& the soft$are engineering

team.!. ,ustomers are not full& involved in the definition of

re uirements.". ;nd users have realistic expectations

8. The pro ect scope is stableA. (oft$are engineering team has the right mix of skills.@. )ro ect Re uirements are full& stable.

. The pro ect team is inexperienced $ith the technolog& to beimplemented.

#0. The number of people in the team is inade uate to do the ob.##. *ll customer constituencies do not agree on the importance of

the pro ect to be built.



7dentif&ing potential risks and developing a plan to mitigate monitor and manage risks is of paramount importance. Risk anal&sis enablesto build a risk table b& providing detail guidelines in identificationand anal&sis of risk. This is achieved b&

Risk avoidanceRisk monitoringRisk management and contingenc& plan.

-or our pro ect the risk table is as follo$s/

Risks*$tegory Prob$bility Im#$ct RMMM

(ize estimate ma& besignificantl& lo$.

)( 80N 2 ;nsure thatre uirementsare clearl&understood.,hooseappropriatesizingtechni ue todetermine thesoft$are size.

4eliver& deadlinema& be tightened.

B> @0N 2 (chedule madeshould berealistic andachievable.

onitor thatefforts put areaccording toschedule.

+o. of people ma& be inade uate to dothe ob.

)( 80N 2 :rganize tasknet$ork.*ssign backupstaff member asthird part& fortesting andrevie$.



,ustomer $illchange re uirements.

)( 80N 2 >pdate theemplo&ersregularl& aboutthe status and

$orkingassumptions.Get ,ustomers'feedback

periodicall&;nd user ma& resistthe s&stem.

B> !0N # 7nvolve the endusers indevelopment of the s&stem.

4eveloptechni ues toevokefavorableresponses fromthe users.

RIS1 S'RA'E,YThe pro ect uses the proactive strateg& of risk because the long beforetechnical $ork is initiated. )otential risks are identified there probabilit&and impact assessed and the& are ranked b& importance as listed belo$/%

• )ro ect Risk

• Technical Risk • Business Risk • Mno$n Risk • )redictable Risk • >npredictable Risk



SO%'+ARE -UALI'Y ASSURAN*E(S-A"

(oft$are ualit& assurance claims to focus on ualit& tools that auditthe source code to determine compliance $ith language standards. 7tis an umbrella activit& applied at each step in the soft$are process.

It i!enti ies/

;valuations to be made.*udit and revie$s to be performed.(tandards to be maintained.;rror reporting and tracking.

easurement of changes made.*mount of feedback.



DESIGN CONCEPTS

4esign is a problem solving process $ith an ob ective todescribe a $a& to implement the s&stem's functionalre uirements respecting the constraints imposed and adheringto good ualit&.

7t has follo$ing goals/;nsuring that functionalit& conforms to re uirements.7ncreasing ualit& such as usabilit& efficienc& reliabilit&maintainabilit& and reusabilit&.

C' e#i'" *"d C'up i"%



* measure of extent to $hich related aspects of s&stem are kepttogether in the same module is cohesion. ,oupling definesinterdependencies that exist bet$een soft$are modules. 7timplies if one needs to reuse components one must import allthe modules coupled.

U"de #t*"d*0i it1

To build a good ualit& product the design of the soft$areshould be clearl& understood.

*ou#ling $n! *ohesion/ High ,ohesion and *verage,oupling make sure that to understand one component thereis no need to refer to other components of the soft$are as$ell.N$ming/ odules are named according to the function the&

perform.System )ocument$tion/ 4ocumentation is s&stematicorganized and easil& understandable.



SOFT2ARE TESTING



C1c '!*tic c'!p exit1

,&clomatic complexit& is soft$are metric that provides auantitative measure of the logical complexit& of a program. 7t

defines the number of independent paths in the basic set of programand provides $ith an upper bound for numbers of tests that must beconducted to ensure all statements that have been tested at leastonce. The follo$ing steps are follo$ed/%

• >sing code as foundation a flo$ graph $as dra$n• ,&clomatic complexit& of the flo$ graph $as calculated• Basic set of independent paths $as determined• Test cases $ere derived



%LO+ ,RAP

R5

R# R2

R6

'he *yclom$tic com#lexity 7 8 (," 9 is

= 5G6 C 3 regions= 5G6 C edges O @ nodes 92 C3

:

5

6

;

<

=

>

?



= 5G6 C 2 predicates nodes 9# C 3

&$sis set o line$rly in!e#en!ent #$ths

)ath #/ #%2%@)ath 2/ #%2%3%!%A)ath 3/ #%2%3%!%"%8%A

'est c$ses th$t will orce execution o e$ch #$th in the b$sisset

P$th : test c$se/

*ttempt to open P read file $hich has customer details i.e.,>(T: ;R.dat.-ile could not be opened or doesn't exist.;xpected result/ +othing $ill be displa&ed on screen.

P$th 5 test c$se/

-ile containing list of customer is opened to read.Ro$Q C 23;xpected result/ displa&s 23 ro$s of each page of list ofcustomers.

P$th 6 test c$se/

-ile containing list of customer is opened to read.Ro$ C 23;xpected result/ displa&s 23 ro$s of each page of list ofcustomers and print )ress an& ke& to continue .. as a footer.

&l$c@ &ox 'esting

7t is also called behavioral testing focuses on the functional

re uirements of the soft$are. 7t enables the soft$are engineer to



derive sets of input conditions that $ill full& exercise allfunctional re uirements for a program .

%LO+ ,RAP

R5

R# R2

R6

:

5

6

;

<

=

>

?



&ibliogr$#hy

#. Roger (. )ressman (oft$are ;ngineering * )ractitioner's*pproach " th ;dition.

2. Herbert (hildt ,omplete reference ,99.

3. )anka Lalote *n integrated *pproach to (oft$are ;ngineering

2nd

;dition.

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52441406 Hotel Management

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