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PLASMAANTENNA

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BYRAVINDRAREDDYNEEE-8thSemester

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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION

OVERVIEWONPLASMAATENNATECHNOLOGY

TYPESOFPLASMAANTENNAS

MARKETAPPLICATIONSOFPLASMATECHNOLOGY

UNIQUECHARACTERISTICSOFPLASMAANTENNA

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CONTINUEDSPONSEREDWORKSTECHNOLOGICALCONCEPTSOFPLASMAANTENNASADVANTAGES&DISADVANTAGESCONCLUSIONREFERENCES&BIBILOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTIONThefourthstateofmatter,nowcalledplasma.Conductiveassembliesofchargedandneutralparticles.Carryelectricalcurrentsandgeneratemagneticfields.

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Surfacewavedrivenplasmacolumn

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OVERVIEWONPLASMAATENNATECHNOLOGYAntennadesignhasbeenanintegralpartofvirtuallyeverycommunicationandradarapplicationAntennarepresentsaconductingmetalsurfacethatissizedtoemitradiationatoneormoreselectedfrequenciesEmploysionizedgasenclosedinatubeEmployssolidmetalwiresastheconductingelement

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"ringing"andassociatedeffectsofsolidwireantennadesignareeliminatedWhengasischarged,itbecomesconductive,allowingradiofrequency(RF)signalstobetransmittedorreceivedperformanceisequaltoacopperwireantennaineveryrespect.Itcanbeusedoveralargefrequencyrangeupto20GHzCanemployawidevarietyofgases

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TYPESOFPLASMAANTENNAS1:Helicalplasmaantenna2:Spiralplasmaantenna3:Planerarrayplasmaantenna

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MARKETAPPLICATIONSOFPLASMATECHNOLOGYAntennaandTransmissionLineApplicationsPlasmaMirrors(Reflectors)andLenses

Potentialmilitaryapplicationsinclude:Shipboard/submarineantennareplacements.

Unmannedairvehiclesensorantennas.IFF("identificationfriendorfoe")land-basedvehicleantennas.Stealthaircraftantennareplacements.

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Broadbandjammingequipmentincludingforspread-spectrumemitters.ECM(electroniccounter-measure)antennas.Phasedarrayelementreplacements.EMI/ECImitigationDetectionandtrackingofballisticmissilesSideandbacklobereduction

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commercialapplicationsintelemetry,broad-bandcommunications,groundpenetratingradar,navigation,weatherradar,windsheardetectionandcollisionavoidance,high-speeddata(forexampleInternet)communicationspreadspectrumcommunication,andcellularradiationprotection.MicrowaveDevices:FiltersandPhaseShiftersMicrowaveTubes

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microwavebandpassfilter

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Theinputsignalisdissipatedintheload,orreflective,allowingtheinputsignaltoreturntothecirculatorandexitthedevice.Bychangingtheplasmaparametersthepassbandofthefiltercanbemodified.multipleplasmacolumnscouldbeinsertedVariabletimedelaycanbeobtainedbyswitchingindifferentnumbersofsegmentsbetweentheplasmacolumns

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PhaseShifters

Plasmaoperatingnearresonancegeneratesradialcomponentsparalleltotheprobe.Awayfromresonancetherearenofieldcomponentsparalleltothepickupprobe.VariantsofthesetwocircuitscanalsoserveasphaseshiftersPlasmaswitcheshavebeenusedextensivelyforduplexinginradar,(i.e.,toswitchouthighpowertransmittersduringreceive)

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MicrowaveTubesThepresenceofacontrolledamountofplasmaintraveling-wavetubesandbackward-waveoscillatorscanleadtoimprovementintheiroperatingcharacteristicsabovethoseofevacuateddevices.Specifically,thebandwidthandpowerhandlingcapabilitycanbeincreased

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Loopantenna

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UNIQUECHARACTERISTICSOFPLASMAANTENNAThegasionizingprocesscanmanipulateresistanceAftersendingapulsetheplasmaantennacanbedeionized,eliminatingtheringingassociatedwithtraditionalmetalelements.Whende-ionized,thegashasinfiniteresistanceanddoesnotinteractwithRFradiation.

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Whende-ionizedthegasantennawillnotbackscatterradarwaves(providingstealth)andwillnotabsorbhigh-powermicrowaveradiation(reducingtheeffectofelectronicwarfarecountermeasures).Itprovidesincreasedaccuracyandreducescomputersignalprocessingrequirements.Theseadvantagesareimportantincuttingedgeapplicationsforimpulseradarandhigh-speeddigitalcommunications.

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Basedontheresultsofdevelopmenttodate,plasmaantennatechnologyhasthefollowingadditionalattributesNoantennaringingprovidesanimprovedsignaltonoiseratioandreducesmultipathsignaldistortion.Reducedradarcrosssectionprovidesstealthduetothenon-metallicelements.Changesintheiondensitycanresultininstantaneouschangesinbandwidthoverwidedynamicchanges.

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Afterthegasisionized,theplasmaantennahasvirtuallynonoisefloorAcircularscancanbeperformedelectronicallywithnomovingpartsatahigherspeedthantraditionalmechanicalantennastructures.Ithasbeenmathematicallyillustratedthatbyselectingthegasesandchangingiondensitythattheelectricalaperture(orapparentfootprint)ofaplasmaantennacanbemadetoperformonparwithametalcounterparthavingalargerphysicalsize.

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lowionizationlevelcanbedecoupledfromanadjacenthigh-frequencytransmitterCantransmitandreceivefromthesameapertureprovidedthefrequenciesarewidelyseparated.

Plasmaresonance,impedanceandelectronchargedensityarealldynamicallyreconfigurable.AsingledynamicantennastructurecanusetimemultiplexingHencemanyRFsubsystemscanshareoneantennaresourcereducingthenumberandsizeofantennastructures

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Linearplasmaantenna

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SPONSOREDWORKplasmaantennatechnologyhasbeenstudiedandcharacterizedbyASITechnologyCorporationTheworkwascarriedoutinpartthroughtwoONRsponsoredcontractsNCCOSCRDTEDivision,SanDiego,awardedcontractN66001-97-M11531May1997.Themajorobjectiveoftheprogramwastodeterminethenoiselevelsassociatedwiththeuseofgasplasmaasaconductorforatransmittingandreceivingantenna.

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ThesecondcontractN00014-98-C-0045wasa6-monthSBIRawardedbyONRonNovember15,1997ThemajorobjectiveofthiseffortwastocharacterizetheGPantennaforconductivity,ionizationbreakdowns,upperfrequencylimits,excitationandrelaxationtimes,ignitionmechanisms,temperaturesandthermionicnoiseemissionsandcomparetheseresultstoareferencefoldedcopperwiremonopole.ASITechnologyCorporationisundercontractwithGeneralDynamicsElectricBoatDivisionandinconjunctionwiththePlasmaPhysicsLaboratoryattheUniversityofTennessee,aninflatableplasmaantennaisbeingdeveloped.Thisantennaisdesignedtooperateat2.4GHzandwouldbemountedonthemastofanattacksubmarine.InadditionaprototypeplasmawaveguideandplasmareflectorhasbeendesignedanddemonstratedtoGeneralDynamics.

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TECHNOLOGICALCONCEPTSOFPLASMAANTENNASHigherPowerEnhancedBandwidthEMI/ECIHigherEfficiencyandGainReconfonandMultifunctionalityLowerNoisePerfectReflector

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ADVANTAGESReducedRCSReducedinterferenceandringingChangeshapetocontbandwidthChangeplasmaparametersGlowdischargeincreasesvisiblesignature*GoodRFcouplingforelectricallysmallantennasFrequencyselectivityStableandrepeatableEfficientFlexibilityinlengthanddirectionofpath

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DISADVANTAGESIonizationanddecaytimeslimitScanningPlasmavolumesmustbestableandrepeatableIonizeraddsweightandvolumeIonizerincreasespowerConsumption

NotdurableorflexibleHigherionizationenergythanforatube

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CONCLUSIONAspartofablueskiesresearchprogram,DSTOhasteamedupwiththeANUsPlasmaesearchLaboratorytoinvestigatethepossibilityofusingplasmaslikethosegeneratedinfluorescentceilinglights,forantennasThefactthatmetalstructurescannotbeeasilymovedwhennotinuselimitsinsomeaspectsofantennaarraydesign.ItcanalsoposeproblemswhenthereisarequirementtolocatemanyantennasinaconfinedareaWeaponsSystemDivisionhasbeenstudyingtheconceptofusingplasmacolumnsforantennas,andhasbegunworkingincollaborationwithANU.ThetypeofplasmaantennaunderinvestigationisconstructedusingahollowglasscolumnwhichisfilledwithaninertgasThemetalwhipsthatmaybeconsideredforaplasmareplacementareanywherefromafewcentimeterstoseveralmeterslong.

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DSTOandANUarenowinvestigatingthecommercializationofthetechnology.Plasmaantennatechnologyoffersthepossibilityofbuildingcompletelynovelantennaarrays,aswellasradiationpatterncontrolandlobesteeringmechanismsthathavenotbeenpossiblebefore.TheresearchmayonedayhavefarreachingapplicationsfromrobustmilitaryantennasthroughtogreatlyimproveexternaltelevisionaerialsTodate,theresearchhasproducedmanynovelantennasusingstandardfluorescenttubesandthesehavebeencharacterizedandcomparefavorablywiththeirmetalequivalents..Forexample,a160MHzcommunicationslinkwasdemonstratedusingplasmaantennasforbothbaseandmobilestations.CurrentresearchisworkingtowardsarobustplasmaantennaforfielddemonstrationtoDefenseForcepersonnel

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REFERENCES&BIBILOGRAPHYJDrummond,PlasmaPhysics,McGraw-Hill.M.HealdandC.Warton,PlasmaDiagnosicswithMicrowaves,KriegerPublishingCo.ASITechnologyCorporationwebpage:http://www.asiplasma.com/W.Manheimer,PlasmaReflectorsforElectronicBeamSteeringinRadarSystems,IEEETransactionsonPlasmaScience

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1.J.Hettinger,AerialConductorforWirelessSignalingandOtherPurposes,Patentnumber1,309,031,July8,1919.222.V.L.Ginzburg,ThePropagationofElectromagneticWavesinPlasmas,PergamonPress,1970.3.J.Drummond,PlasmaPhysics,McGraw-Hill,1961.4.M.HealdandC.Warton,PlasmaDiagnosticswithMicrowaves,KriegerPublishingCo.,1978.5.U.InanandA.Inan,ElectromagneticWaves,Prentice-Hall,2000.

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6.D.Barrie,LOandBehold,AviationWeek&SpaceTechnology,August11,2003.7.ASITechnologyCorporationwebpage:http://www.asiplasma.com/8.A.Boardman(editor),ElectromagneticSurfaceModes,Wiley&Sons,1982.9.TrivelpieceandR.Gould,SpaceChargeWavesinCylindricalPlasmaColumns,JournalofAppliedPhysics,vol.30,no.11,November1959,p.1784.10.AustralianNationalUniversitywebpage:http://wwwrsphysse.anu.edu.au/~ggb112/index.html#11.F.Chen,PlasmaIonizationbyHeliconWaves,PlasmaPhysicsandControlledFusion,vol.33,no.4,1991,p.339.12.H.BlevinandP.Christiansen,PropagationofHeliconWavesinaNon-uniformPlasma,AustralianJournalofPhysics,vol.19,1966,p.501.13.J.C.DielsandW.Rudolph,UltrashortLaserPulsePhenomena,AcademicPress,1996.14.J.SchwartzandJ.C.Diels,AnalyticalSolutionforUVFilaments,September2001,undeterminedperiodical.15.W.Manheimer,PlasmaReflectorsforElectronicBeamSteeringinRadarSystems,IEEETransactionsonPlasmaScience,vol.19,no.6,December1993,p.1228.16.J.Mathew,R.Meger,J.Gregor,R.Pechacek,R.Fernsler,W.Manheimer,andA.Robson,ElectronicallySteerablePlasmaMirrorforRadarApplications,IEEEInternationalRadarConference,June1995,p.742.17.R.Meger,J.Mathew,J.Gregor,R.Pechacek,R.Fernsler,W.Manheimer,andA.Robson,ExperimentalInvestigationsoftheFormationofaPlasmaMirrorforHighFrequencyMicrowaveBeamSteering,Phys.Plasmas,vol.2,no.6,June1995,p.2532.18.P.Linardakis,G.BorgandJ.Harris,APlasmaLensforMicrowaveBeamSteering,downloadedfromthewebsitehttp://wwwrsphysse.anu.edu.au/~ggb112/index.html#2319.D.Kintner,T.Anderson,I.Alexeff,D.Gonzalez,andH.ElovitzPlasmaRadarBriefingsforCaptainArcherM.Macy20.D.C.JennandW.V.T.Rusch,Low-sidelobeReflectorSynthesisandDesignUsingResistiveSurfaces,IEEETrans

.onAntennasandProp.,AP-39,no.9,September1991,p.1372.

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THANKYOU

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