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Sustainability ENVIRONMENTAL

Sustainability (sustainable development) is the science of environmental

Cares to meet current without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

Environmental dimensions: Ways to

conserve natural resources and preserve the Ecological balance.

Simply preserving the environment and resources and do not pollute

Energy SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS

Environmental Sustainability

• The Object ability to give a forces able to accomplish a specific job.

•The ability of a system to produce effective or External activity.

Energy:

Architecturally:

• Several sources and objects had its effect in architecture activity as specified part of its runtime.

• The first law of energy:Energy in the universe do not degrade or developed from scratch.

• Second Law of Energy:All types of energy can be transformed from one image to another of less quality and the attendant loss of as much energy without the benefit of it.

• Chemical energy

• Thermal energy

• Nuclear energy

• Photovoltaic

• Electric power

• Solar energy

• Mechanical energy

• Kinetic energy

• Types of energy

producing energy

1- solar panels2-solar thermal3-wind turbines4-geo mass

Consumption reduction

1- Passive cooling2- Natural lighting3- Insulation4- Geo Mass5- High Tech Energies6- shading devices7- double skin

producing energy

1- solar panels2-solar thermal3-wind turbines4-geo mass


1- Passive cooling2- Natural lighting3- Insulation4- Geo Mass5- High Tech Energies6- shading devices7- double skin

• producing energy

-Solar Panels

1 –(single-crystal) Monocrystalline Silicon PanelsMonocrystalline (or single-crystal) These panels are made from one continuous sheet of silicon that has pieces of metal nailed to the edges to increase the conductivity and to excite the electrons.- More expensive than other panels.- More effective, in the long run.

Types Solar photovoltaics (PV) :


-Solar Panels


- Solar Thermal Heating water accounts for around 20% of an average household's energy costs, which is what makes solar power such good sense. Installing a solar water heating (SWH) system will help protect the environment. In fact a standard 2m 2 solar panel installation reduces pollution equivalent to that produced by a car in one year.

Liquid is heated up through panels that are typically situated on roofs.Although it is possible to mount panels on walls and flat roofs are noproblem either. Sufisitacted electronic control panels monitor thetemperature of the liquid in a storage cylinder, the liquid contained inthe panels and user requirements. If the system falls below thetemperature required the liquid can be pumped from the panels to astorage cylinder. Typically solar water heating systems are integratedwith existing hot water heating systems to ensure all year round hotwater.

The system have four major components:

•The solar collector•A hot water storage cylinder •Solar control unit•A pump unit.

How it works


The concept involves the use of metallic or PVC buried pipes. Ambient or indoor air is delivered inside the tubes where it is pre-cooled and then is delivered to the building or the system. When outdoor air is circulated into the pipes the system is characterized as an open loop system while when the indoor air is circulated from the building through the tubes the system is known as a closed-loop system.

Geo Mass•Underground cooling


The above image shows the layout and basic components of a standard wind generator. While wind generators come in many different shapes and sizes, the general, main components do remain standard throughout most models.

Blades.The Hub.The Main Shaft.Gear-Box Transmission.The Brake .High-Speed Shaft .Generator .Housing .Tower .

Wind Turbine


Wind Turbine

Vertical axis design

• Consumption reduction



Passive cooling

•Solar Ice Maker System


• Light tube

LEED

-What is LEED

-LEED History

-LEED Measures

-LEED Rating

-System

-How to achieve

certification

• Consumption reduction -What is LEED ?

Certification system recognized internationally adopted for environmental buildings.

• Built using strategies aimed at improving performance in metrics such as energy savings, water efficiency, reduce emissions and improve indoor environmental quality, and management of resources and sensitivity to their impacts.0

The importance of this system lies in that it is subject design of the building or neighborhood to strategies aimed at improving performance in all important metrics, such as:

USGBC

-What is LEED ?

1 - Energy Saving

2 - The exploitation of resources,

taking into account the effects

3 - Reduce carbon dioxide emissions

5 - Improving the indoor environment

4 - The efficient use of water


Valuation method in the LEED system: -There are 100 basis points plus 6 points subset of creativity in design, and 4 points for regional priority buildings can qualify for four levels of certification: -

Certified - 40 - 49 pointsSilver - 50 - 59 pointsGold - 60 - 79 pointsPlatinum - 80 points and above

LEED Rating System


LEED Measures:

Sustainable Site26 point

Efficient use of water10 points

Energy and Atmosphere35 Point

Materials and resources14 point

Indoor environmental quality 15 point

Location and Planning

Awareness and education

Innovation and design process

6 point

Regional priority4 points

Points Distributed Method : -

Total points: 110

•Reduce greenhouse gas emissions•Optimal performance of energy•Energy regeneration•Green Energy

Energy and Atmosphere35 Point

• Site selection• Urban Redevelopment• Reduce noise pollution• Stormwater management.• Foreign design spaces

Sustainable Site26 point

• Reducing carbon dioxide emissions.• Natural ventilation.• Reducing chemical pollutants.• Natural lighting.

Indoor environmental quality 15 point

• Storage and collection is subject to storage.

• Re-use of materials.

Materials and resources14 point


How To Achieve Certification?

Is obtained LEED certification after the submission of a formal

model complies with the requirements of the evaluation

system, as well as the registration and certification fee.

After verification of the third party and comply with the

requirements of the project.? Has recently been streamlined

mechanism to obtain a construction certificate to become an

electronic cross-range models in the form of PDF are filled out

electronically.

Accreditation mechanism: -


Sustainable Materials


WHAT ARE SUSTAINABLEBUILDING MATERIALS?

Sustainable building materials can be defined as

materials with overall superior performance in

terms of specified criteria. The following criteria are

commonly used:

• Locally produced and sourced materials .

• Transport costs and environmental impact .

• Thermal efficiency .

• Occupant needs and health considerations .

• Financial viability .

• Recyclability of building materials and the

demolished building .

• Waste and pollution generated in the

manufacturing process .

• Toxic emissions generated by the product .

• Maintenance costs .


Phases of Building Materials



Pre-Building Phase :

• The Pre-Building Phase describes the production

and delivery process of a material up to, but not

including, the point of installation .

• Discovering raw materials in nature as well as

extracting, manufacturing, packaging, and

transportation to a building site .

• This phase has the most potential for causing

environmental damage .



Pre-Building Phase :

• At this stage, you must carefully choose materials .

• Raw material procurement methods, the

manufacturing process itself, and the distance from

the manufacturing location to the building site all

have environmental consequences



Building Phase :

• The Building Phase refers to a building material’s

useful life.

• This phase begins at the point of the material’s

assembly into a structure, includes the maintenance

and repair of the material, and extends throughout

the life of the material within or as part of the

building.

• Construction: The material waste generated on a

building construction site can be considerable.



Building Phase :

• Use/Maintenance: Long-term exposure to certain

building .

•materials may be hazardous to the health of a

building’s Occupants .



Post-Building Phase :

• The Post-Building Phase refers to the building

materials

when their usefulness in a building has expired. At

this point,

a material may be reused in its entirety, have its

components

recycled back into other products, or be discarded.

• The demolition of buildings and disposal of the

resulting waste has a high environmental cost .

• Some building materials may be chosen because of

their adaptability to new uses.


Recycled Content

• Usable building products reduces the waste stream

and the demand on virgin natural resources.

• By recycling materials, the embodied energy they

contain is preserved.

• The energy used in the recycling process for most

materials is far less than the energy used in the

original manufacturing.

• Building materials that have potential for recycling

include glass, plastics, metals, concrete or brick, and

wood.


Embodied Energy Reduction

• The embodied energy of a material refers to the total

energy required to produce that material, including

the collection of raw materials .

• This includes the energy of the fuel used to power

the harvesting or mining equipment, the processing

equipment, and the transportation devices that move

raw material to a processing facility.

• The greater a material’s embodied energy, the

greater the amount of energy required to produce it,

implying more severe ecological consequences


Use of Natural Materials

• Natural materials are generally lower in embodied

energy and toxicity than man-made materials.

• They require less processing and are less

damaging to the environment. Many, like wood, are

theoretically renewable.

• When natural materials are incorporated into

building products, the products become more

sustainable.


Local Materials

• Using locally produced building materials shortens

transport distances, thus reducing air pollution

produced by vehicles.

• local materials are better suited to climatic

conditions, and these purchases support area economies.


Use of Non-Toxic or Less-Toxic Materials

• Non- or less-toxic materials are less hazardous to

construction .

• Many materials adversely affect indoor air quality

and expose occupants to health hazards.


Why use Sustainable Materials?

• LEED / ACUPCC / STARS

• Promote environmental stewardship

• Healthier buildings

• Sustainability can = durability



Material Selection :•Appropriateness•Physical Properties•Manufacture•Installation•Durability•Maintenance•Cost•Sustainability ???



Why use Sustainable Materials?

• LEED / ACUPCC / STARS

• Promote environmental stewardship

• Healthier buildings

• Sustainability can = durability



What makes a product green?

• Sustainable products have no or minimal

adverse impacts on human health and the

environment, as measured over their life

cycle.



Examples of Sustainable products :



Examples of Sustainable products :STEEL



Examples of Sustainable products :STEEL



Examples of Sustainable products :TIMBER


Wood offers the builder or designer several environmental advantages over common, alternative building materials. Namely:

• Wood is a renewable resource;• Wood products store carbon dioxide;• Comparatively, the manufacture of most wood

products requires smaller amounts of energy; and• Residues generated through the processing of wood

can be reused in a variety of positive ways.


Examples of Sustainable products :TIMBER


Examples of Sustainable products :CONCRETE


In America, there are 38 states use the gravel resulting from recycled concrete for the work of the lower classes of roads as there are 11 states and manages the concrete used in the production of new concrete. In the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and South Africa, there is considerable interest in this and Pakistan, which engaged the Belgian expertise in this area either Thailand has been used in popular housing projects and excelled more and more of China and Japan and Australia.


Examples of Sustainable products :CONCRETE


Negatives concrete • Consume too much water compared to other

materials .• Produces co2 largely .

Positives concret :• Can be recycled • Strength and flexibility compared to other

materials .

producing energy

1- solar panels2-solar thermal3-wind turbines4-Microhydro Turbines5Energy Recovery Systems


1- Envelope2- Natural lighting3- Heating4- Cooling


Shading devices•Direct lighting•indirect lighting


Shading devices•Direct lighting•indirect lighting


• Double skin

DAYLIGHT FACTOR(DF) is a numerical ratio used to describe the relationship between indoor and outdoor da daylight illuminances relationship between indoor and outdoor daylight illuminances

DAYLIGHT

Natural lighting

DAYLIGHT

Natural lighting

Side Light Light coming from side apertures like

windows can only penetrate so far into a building

Top Light Higher apertures are more

effective at bringing light deep into the building. This often means glazing in roofs

The daylight IL luminance experienced at any given point in a buildingdepends upon the factors noted above and:• the building’s global location and prevailing climate;• the time of day/month/year;• the current sky condition

Effects

Estimate the size of daylighting apertures required to provide the target daylight factors as follows

A= ((DFavg) *(Afloor)) / (AE)

where,A required area of aperture, [m2]

DFavg target daylight factorAfloor illuminated floor area, [m2]AE aperture effectiveness factor

Determine the required area of daylighting aperture by using thefollowing estimatesA =((DFtarget) (Afloor)) / (F)

where,A required area of aperture, [m2]DFtarget target daylight factorAfloor floor area, [m2]F 0.2 if the target is an average daylight factor OR0.1 if the target is a minimum daylight factor

DAYLIGHT

Location and orientation: The location of a space relative to thedaylight source (e.g. next to an exterior wall, within an interioratrium, etc.) and the orientation of the space (e.g. a space with anaperture facing north versus a west-facing aperture) will help todetermine how daylight can be used

A daylight factor of 4–8% isConsidered appropriate for

fine machine work. Thedesigner selects a 6% DF

DAYLIGHT

Conceptual diagram of a top

lighting system at the San Francisco Public Library in SanFrancisco, California. Illuminancemeasurements with the electric lighting on and off show thelight distribution through the space and the influence of daylight from the skylights

DAYLIGHT

LIGHT SHELVES are used to more evenly distribute daylight

HEATING

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS :

utilize energyfrom the sun f or domestic w aterheating, pool heating, preheating ofventilation air, and/or space heating. The most common application

HEATING

HEATING

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS :

utilize energyfrom the sun f or domestic w aterheating, pool heating, preheating ofventilation air, and/or space heating. The most common application

COOLING

The most effective method to lessen energy use for mechanical coolingis to eliminate the need for it through climate-adapted design.While thisis not always possible

CROSS VENTILA TION establishes a f low of cooler outdoor airthrough a space; this flow carries heat out of a building

COOLING

CROSS VENTILA TION establishes a f low of cooler outdoor airthrough a space; this flow carries heat out of a building

COOLING

COOLING

For spaces with windows on opposite sides, the natural ventilation effectiveness limit will be less

than five times the floor to ceiling height into

the building

For spaces with windows on only one side, natural ventilation will not reach farther than

two times the floor to ceiling height into the

building


Passive cooling

Modern wind catcher

For applications requiring greater cooling and airflow Vento manufactures the SOLA-BOOST which through the addition of a solar driven internal fan can provide a building an additional 260l/s of fresh air. This is on top of the 710l/s provided by the passive shafts alone .

wind catcher


Passive cooling


Passive cooling


Passive cooling

The presence a chimney enhances the effect for several reasons:

1- The lower effective section increases the air speed in the chimney; this lowers the pressure in the chimney, creating a greater difference in pressure with the rest of the interior space, thus accelerating the air movement (Venturi effect).

2 - Being tall, the chimney increases the temperature difference between the air intake and exhaust points, increasing the Venturieffect.

3 - Even a slight wind lowers the pressure at the chimney exhaust, and consequently increases the efficiency of air extraction.

Passive cooling• Chimney effect


Passive cooling

Passive cooling• Chimney effect

COOLING

Stack Ventilation

stack ventilation uses temperature differences to move air. Hot air rises because it is lower pressure. For this reason, it is sometimes called buoyancy ventilation

The stack effect: hot air rises due to buoyancy, and its low pressure sucks in fresh air from outside

COOLING

Stack Ventilation

COOLING

Stack Ventilation

COOLING

Solar Chimneys

COOLING

EARTH SHELTERING capitalizes on the inherent climate control

capabilities of the subterranean environment

Burying some or all of a building in order to capitalize upon stable subterranean soil temperature

COOLING

EARTH SHELTERING1:Analyze the site, considering natural drainage patterns, existingvegetation, solar access, wind flow patterns, microclimates, andsubsurface conditions. Select a building location that is mostamenable to meeting the project’s design intents

COOLING Orientation for Cooling

Tall buildings improve natural ventilation, and in lower latitudes reduce sun exposure.

Buildings should be oriented to maximize benefits from cooling breezes in hot weather and shelter from undesirable winds in cold weather. Look at the prevailing winds for your

site throughout the year

COOLING Orientation for Cooling

Orientation for maximum passive ventilation

buildings that feature a courtyard and are located in climates where cooling is desired,

orienting the courtyard 45 degrees from

the prevailing wind maximizes wind in the courtyard and cross ventilation through the

building

Date post:	12-Jul-2015
Category:	Education
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Education