5.6 - CHARACTERISTIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ARE USED TO DESCRIBE SUBSTANCES. MOST ARE NOT USEFUL FOR IDENTIFYING THE SUBSTANCE. • HOWEVER CERTAIN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ARE _____________ TO EACH ________ SUBSTANCE. THESE PROPERTIES ARE CALLED __________________________________________________________. YOU CAN USE THESE PROPERTIES TO DISTINGUISH ____________________ PURE SUBSTANCES. • YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT THREE: DENSITY,

FREEZING/MELTING POINT, AND BOILING POINT.

UNIQUE

PURECHARACTERISTICS PHYISCAL PROPERTIES

between

DENSITY – ___________________________________________________________________

Density (g/____) = Mass (g) / Volume (mL or cm3)

the amount of matter per unit volume of that matter

The densities of PURE liquids & solids are __________________ (see table top right)

Every PURE element or pure compound has a _____________________ DENSITY! Thus, density can be used to ________________________ substances OR determine the ___________________ of a substance.

CONSTANT

SPECIFIC

IDENTIFYPURITY

HOW DO WE MEASURE…

•MASS USE A _____________________OR AN ELECTRONIC ______

• VOLUME USE A ____________ CYLINDER AND AN _____________

( 1 ML = 1 CUBIC CM )

triple balance beam scale

graduated overflow can

TERMINOLOGY

• ACCURACY – _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

• PRECISION – ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

how close a measurement or calculation comes to the true value

Describe the exactness of a measuring device (precise devices give the same result each time)

FREEZING POINT (FP) / MELTING POINT (MP)

• THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A SUBSTANCE TURNS FROM A _______________ INTO A ____________, OR MELTS FROM A _____________ INTO A __________________. • DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES FREEZE/MELT AT DIFFERENT ___________________________.• MELTING POINTS ARE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT WHEN

DEALING WITH METALS THAT HAVE IMPORTANT PURPOSES, AN EXAMPLE BEING _________________________________.

liquid solid

liquidsolid

temperatures

light bulbs

BOILING POINT (BP)• DEF. TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID SUDDENLY TURNS INTO A _________

* WE CAN USE MP, FP, AND BP TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DIFFERENT PURE SUBSTANCES JUST LIKE WE CAN USE DENSITY

gas

MEASURING VOLUME

• THERE ARE 2 METHODS COMMONLY USED TO MEASURE VOLUME.

• A) USING A ____________ AND THE MATHEMATICAL EQUATION

RULER

MEASURING VOLUME

Formula

a b

• B) USING THE _____________________ METHOD – USING A ___________________ CYLINDERI AND/OR AN ______________ CANII

Volume of SPONGE BOB = ___________ mL

This curved effect is called the ___________________

DISPLACEMENTgraduated overflow

MENISCUSIs the volume of the water only 50mL or 52mL?

2mL

• II. OVERFLOW CAN IS FILLED WITH WATER (GRAD. CYLINDER IS IN PLACE TO CATCH THE SPILLAGE). WAIT UNTIL THE WATER HAS SETTLED (STOPPED DRIPPING), AND EMPTY WHATEVER SPILLAGE FLOWED INTO THE GRADUATED CYLINDER.

NOW WE CAN TEST OUR OBJECT!