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FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FM 21-76 US ARMY SURVIVAL MANUAL ...............................................1TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................................2CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................

SURVIVAL ACTIONS..........................................................................................................PATTERN FOR SURVIVAL..................................................................................................!CHAPTER 2 - PSYCHOLO"Y OF SURVIVAL............................................................................#

A LOO$ AT STRESS...........................................................................................................#NATURAL REACTIONS.....................................................................................................12PREPARIN" YOURSELF...................................................................................................1%

CHAPTER & - SURVIVAL PLANNIN" AND SURVIVAL $ITS....................................................16IMPORTANCE OF PLANNIN"...........................................................................................16SURVIVAL $ITS...............................................................................................................16

CHAPTER % - BASIC SURVIVAL MEDICINE...........................................................................1#RE'UIREMENTS FOR MAINTENANCE OF HEALTH...........................................................1#MEDICAL EMER"ENCIES.................................................................................................2

LIFESAVIN" STEPS.........................................................................................................2BONE AND (OINT IN(URY................................................................................................&2BITES AND STIN"S.........................................................................................................&)OUNDS........................................................................................................................ENVIRONMENTAL IN(URIES.............................................................................................%&HERBAL MEDICINES........................................................................................................%6

CHAPTER - SHELTERS.....................................................................................................%7SHELTER SITE SELECTION..............................................................................................%7

TYPES OF SHELTERS......................................................................................................%!CHAPTER 6 - )ATER PROCUREMENT.................................................................................66

)ATER SOURCES...........................................................................................................66STILL CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................................7&

)ATER PURIFICATION....................................................................................................76)ATER FILTRATION DEVICES.........................................................................................77

CHAPTER 7 - FIRECRAFT....................................................................................................7!BASIC FIRE PRINCIPLES..................................................................................................7!SITE SELECTION AND PREPARATION..............................................................................7!FIRE MATERIAL SELECTION............................................................................................!2HO) TO BUILD A FIRE....................................................................................................!&HO) TO LI"HT A FIRE....................................................................................................!%

CHAPTER ! - FOOD PROCUREMENT...................................................................................!!ANIMALS FOR FOOD.......................................................................................................!!

TRAPS AND SNARES.......................................................................................................#%$ILLIN" DEVICES..........................................................................................................1*%

FISHIN" DEVICES.........................................................................................................1*PREPARATION OF FISH AND "AME FORCOO$IN" AND STORA"E..............................................................................................112

CHAPTER # - SURVIVAL USE OF PLANTS..........................................................................11!EDIBILITY OF PLANTS...................................................................................................11!PLANTS FOR MEDICINE.................................................................................................12!

CHAPTER 1* - POISONOUS PLANTS.................................................................................1&2HO) PLANTS POISON..................................................................................................1&2ALL ABOUT PLANTS......................................................................................................1&&RULES FOR AVOIDIN" POISONOUS PLANTS.................................................................1&&

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CONTACT DERMATITIS.................................................................................................1&%IN"ESTION POISONIN"................................................................................................1&%

CHAPTER 11 - DAN"EROUS ANIMALS..............................................................................1&6INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS............................................................................................1&6LEECHES......................................................................................................................1&!BATS............................................................................................................................1&!POISONOUS SNA$ES....................................................................................................1

DAN"EROUS LI+ARDS..................................................................................................1%1DAN"ERS IN RIVERS....................................................................................................1%2DAN"ERS IN BAYS AND ESTUARIES.............................................................................1%2SALT)ATER DAN"ERS.................................................................................................1%&

CHAPTER 12 - FIELD-E,PEDIENT )EAPONS TOOLSAND E'UIPMENT..............................................................................................................1%6

CLUBS..........................................................................................................................1%6ED"ED )EAPONS........................................................................................................1%!OTHER E,PEDIENT )EAPONS......................................................................................11LASHIN" AND CORDA"E..............................................................................................1&RUC$SAC$ CONSTRUCTION.........................................................................................1%CLOTHIN" AND INSULATION........................................................................................1

COO$IN" AND EATIN" UTENSILS.................................................................................16CHAPTER 1& - DESERT SURVIVAL....................................................................................1!TERRAIN.......................................................................................................................1!ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS..........................................................................................1#NEED FOR )ATER........................................................................................................16&HEAT CASUALTIES........................................................................................................16PRECAUTIONS..............................................................................................................16DESERT HA+ARDS........................................................................................................166

CHAPTER 1% - TROPICAL SURVIVAL.................................................................................167TROPICAL )EATHER....................................................................................................167(UN"LE TYPES..............................................................................................................16!TRAVEL THROU"H (UN"LE AREAS...............................................................................171

IMMEDIATE CONSIDERATIONS.....................................................................................172)ATER PROCUREMENT................................................................................................172FOOD............................................................................................................................17&POISONOUS PLANTS.....................................................................................................17

CHAPTER 1 - COLD )EATHER SURVIVAL.......................................................................176COLD RE"IONS AND LOCATIONS.................................................................................176)INDCHILL...................................................................................................................177BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COLD)EATHER SURVIVAL....................................................................................................17!HY"IENE.......................................................................................................................17#MEDICAL ASPECTS.......................................................................................................17#COLD IN(URIES.............................................................................................................1!*

SHELTERS.....................................................................................................................1!&FIRE..............................................................................................................................1!7)ATER.........................................................................................................................1!#FOOD............................................................................................................................1#*

TRAVEL........................................................................................................................1#2)EATHER SI"NS..........................................................................................................1#&

CHAPTER 16 - SEA SURVIVAL..........................................................................................1#THE OPEN SEA..............................................................................................................1#SEASHORES..................................................................................................................22*

CHAPTER 17 - E,PEDIENT )ATER CROSSIN"S...............................................................22&

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RIVERS AND STREAMS.................................................................................................22&RAPIDS.........................................................................................................................22%RAFTS...........................................................................................................................226FLOTATION DEVICES....................................................................................................2&1OTHER )ATER OBSTACLES..........................................................................................2&2VE"ETATION OBSTACLES.............................................................................................2&2

CHAPTER 1! - FIELD-E,PEDIENT DIRECTION FINDIN".....................................................2&%

USIN" THE SUN AND SHADO)S..................................................................................2&%USIN" THE MOON........................................................................................................2&6USIN" THE STARS........................................................................................................2&7MA$IN" IMPROVISED COMPASSES...............................................................................2&!OTHER MEANS OF DETERMININ" DIRECTION..............................................................2&!

CHAPTER 1# - SI"NALIN" TECHNI'UES..........................................................................2%*APPLICATION................................................................................................................2%*MEANS FOR SI"NALIN"................................................................................................2%*CODES AND SI"NALS...................................................................................................2%6AIRCRAFT VECTORIN" PROCEDURES...........................................................................2%#

CHAPTER 2* - SURVIVAL MOVEMENT IN HOSTILE AREAS................................................21PHASES OF PLANNIN"..................................................................................................21

E,ECUTION..................................................................................................................2&RETURN TO FRIENDLY CONTROL.................................................................................26CHAPTER 21 - CAMOUFLA"E...........................................................................................2#

PERSONAL CAMOUFLA"E.............................................................................................2#METHODS OF STAL$IN"...............................................................................................261

CHAPTER 22 - CONTACT )ITH PEOPLE............................................................................26&CONTACT )ITH LOCAL PEOPLE....................................................................................26&

THE SURVIVORS BEHAVIOR.........................................................................................26%CHAN"ES TO POLITICAL ALLE"IANCE..........................................................................26%

CHAPTER 2& - SURVIVAL IN MAN-MADE HA+ARDS..........................................................26THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT......................................................................................26BIOLO"ICAL ENVIRONMENTS.......................................................................................27

CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS..........................................................................................27!

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION

This manual is based entirely on the keyword SURVIVAL. The letters in thisword can help guide you in your actions in any survival situation. henever!aced with a survival situation" remember the word SURVIVAL.

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PATTRN 'OR SURVIVAL

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CHAPTER 2 - PSYCHOLOY OF SURVIVAL

It takes much more than the knowledge and skills to build shelters" get !ood"make !ires" and travel without the aid o! standard navigational devices to livesuccess!ully through a survival situation. Some people with little or no survivaltraining have managed to survive li!e%threatening circumstances. Some

people with survival training have not used their skills and died. A keyingredient in any survival situation is the mental attitude o! the individual&s'involved. (aving survival skills is important# having the will to survive isessential. ithout a desk to survive" ac)uired skills serve little purpose andinvaluable knowledge goes to waste.

There is a psychology to survival. The soldier in a survival environment !acesmany stresses that ultimately impact on his mind. These stresses can producethoughts and emotions that" i! poorly understood" can trans!orm a con!ident"well%trained soldier into an indecisive" ine!!ective individual with )uestionableability to survive. Thus" every soldier must be aware o! and be able to

recogni*e those stresses commonly associated with survival. Additionally" it isimperative that soldiers be aware o! their reactions to the wide variety o!stresses associated with survival. This chapter will identi!y and e+plain thenature o! stress" the stresses o! survival" and those internal reactions soldierswill naturally e+perience when !aced with the stresses o! a real%world survivalsituation. The knowledge you" the soldier" gain !rom this chapter and otherchapters in this manual" will prepare you to come through the toughest timesali(e)

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CHAPTER 8 - SURVIVAL PLANNIN AND SURVIVAL ITS

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CHAPTER 9 - BASIC SURVIVAL MEDICINE

-oremost among the many problems that can compromise a survivors abilityto return to sa!ety are medical problems resulting !rom parachute descent andlanding" e+treme climates" ground combat" evasion" and illnesses contractedin captivity.

/any evaders and survivors have reported di!!iculty in treating in$uries andillness due to the lack o! training and medical supplies. -or some" this led tocapture or surrender.

Survivors have related !eeling o! apathy and helplessness because they couldnot treat themselves in this environment. The ability to treat themselvesincreased their morale and cohesion and aided in their survival and eventualreturn to !riendly !orces.

0ne man with a !air amount o! basic medical knowledge can make adi!!erence in the lives o! many. ithout )uali!ied medical personnel available"it is you who must know what to do to stay alive.

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CHAPTER : - SHELTERS

A shelter can protect you !rom the sun" insects" wind" rain" snow" hot or coldtemperatures" and enemy observation. It can give you a !eeling o! well%being.It can help you maintain your will to survive.

In some areas" your need !or shelter may take precedence over your need !or!ood and possibly even your need !or water. -or e+ample" prolonged e+posureto cold can cause e+cessive !atigue and weakness &e+haustion'. An e+hausted

person may develop a =passive= outlook" thereby losing the will to survive.

The most common error in making a shelter is to make it too large. A sheltermust be large enough to protect you. It must also be small enough to contain

your body heat" especially in cold climates.

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CHAPTER 6 - *ATER PROCUREMENT

ater is one o! your most urgent needs in a survival situation. @ou can t livelong without it" especially in hot areas where you lose water rapidly through

perspiration. Cven in cold areas" you need a minimum o! 3 liters o! water eachday to maintain e!!iciency.

/ore than three%!ourths o! your body is composed o! !luids. @our body loses!luid as a result o! heat" cold" stress" and e+ertion. To !unction e!!ectively" youmust replace the !luid your body loses. So" one o! your !irst goals is to obtainan ade)uate supply o! water.

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8ote9 I! you do not have a canteen" a cup" a can" or other type o! container"improvise one !rom plastic or water%resistant cloth. Shape the plastic or clothinto a bowl by pleating it. Use pins or other suitable items%%even your hands%%

to hold the pleats.

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CAUTIONDo 3o9 853@ 9/e 0 :0@> o5 ?99e5 9a93g.

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C0oe 9/e ?ag a38 9e 9/e :o

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Dg a

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CHAPTER 7 - FIRECRAFT

In many survival situations" the ability to start a !ire can make the di!!erencebetween living and dying. -ire can !ul!ill many needs. It can provide warmthand com!ort. It not only cooks and preserves !ood" it also provides warmth inthe !orm o! heated !ood that saves calories our body normally uses to produce

body heat. @ou can use !ire to puri!y water" sterili*e bandages" signal !orrescue" and provide protection !rom animals. It can be a psychological boostby providing peace o! mind and companionship. @ou can also use !ire to

produce tools and weapons.

-ire can cause problems" as well. The enemy can detect the smoke and light itproduces. It can cause !orest !ires or destroy essential e)uipment. -ire canalso cause burns carbon mono+ide poisoning when used in shelters.

Remember weigh your need !or !ire against your need to avoid enemydetection.

#ASIC 'IR PRINCIPLS

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45a;9;e.

SIT SLCTION AN, PRPARATION

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.O3 TO #UIL, A 'IR

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#attery

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#o% and ,rill

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CHAPTER ; - FOOD PROCUREMENT

A!ter water" mans most urgent re)uirement is !ood. In contemplating virtuallyany hypothetical survival situation" the mind immediately turns to thoughts o!!ood. Unless the situation occurs in an arid environment" even water" which is

more important to maintaining body !unctions" will almost always !ollow !oodin our initial thoughts. The survivor must remember that the three essentialso! survival%%water" !ood" and shelter%%are prioriti*ed according to the estimateo! the actual situation. This estimate must not only be timely but accurate aswell. Some situations may well dictate that shelter precede both !ood andwater.

ANI0ALS 'OR 'OO,

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Fi$h

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A+phi,i!#$

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Repti%e$

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3o9 @00 9/e a3:a0. If >o< 0ooe3 e3o

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T%itch5Up

A 99;/-

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O+i6%a #ird Pole

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Noosing 3and

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'igure 7 ,ead$all

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Paiute ,ead$all

T/e Pa

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#o% Trap

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#ottle Trap

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Fi$h T&!p$

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PRPARATION O' 'IS. AN, /A0 'ORCOO*IN/ AN, STORA/

Yo< :

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Bi&($

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D&3i#0 Me!t

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CHAPTER < - SURVIVAL USE OF PLANTS

A!ter having solved the problems o! !inding water" shelter" and animal !ood"you will have to consider the use o! plants you can eat. In a survival situationyou should always be on the lookout !or !amiliar wild !oods and live o!! theland whenever possible.

@ou must not count on being able to go !or days without !ood as some sourceswould suggest. Cven in the most static survival situation" maintaining healththrough a complete and nutritious diet is essential to maintaining strengthand peace o! mind.

8ature can provide you with !ood that will let you survive any ordeal" i! youdont eat the wrong plant. @ou must there!ore learn as much as possiblebe!orehand about the !lora o! the region where you will be operating. :lantscan provide you with medicines in a survival situation. :lants can supply youwith weapons and raw materials to construct shelters and build !ires. :lantscan even provide you with chemicals !or poisoning !ish" preserving animalhides" and !or camou!laging yoursel! and your e)uipment.

8ote9 @ou will !ind illustrations o! the plants described in this chapter inAppendi+es ? and 1.

,I#ILITY O' PLANTS

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o< ;a3 Te99o 8e9e5:3e /;/ 40a39 >o85>3g.

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*ARNINDo 3o9 ea9 ::49o: of 9/e :o98a3ge5o

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Ca99a0 Typha4e;e

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o5 ;5a3?e55> o5 /ae0 0ea=e o5@ 9oo.

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orms or intestinal parasites.U3g :o8e5a9o3 95ea9 9/ 9ea :a8e f5o: 9a3>&Tanacetum vulgare'o5 f5o: 08 ;a55o9 0ea=e.

>as and cramps.Ue a 9ea :a8e f5o: ;a55o9 ee8 a a3 a39f0a9

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CHAPTER 1> - POISONOUS PLANTS

Success!ul use o! plants in a survival situation depends on positiveidenti!ication. nowing poisonous plants is as important to a survivor asknowing edible plants. nowing the poisonous plants will help you avoidsustaining in$uries !rom them.

.O3 PLANTS POISON

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atch the animals and eat what they eat.Mo9 of 9/e 9:e 9/ 9a9e:e39 95

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Dea9/ ;a:a.

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CHAPTER 11 - DANEROUS ANIMALS

Animals rarely are as threatening to the survivor as the rest o! theenvironment. 1ommon sense tells the survivor to avoid encounters with lions"bears" and other large or dangerous animals. @ou should also avoid largegra*ing animals with horns" hooves" and great weight. @our actions may

prevent une+pected meetings. /ove care!ully through their environment.

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S."&pi"#$

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38=8

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POISONOUS SNA*S

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B

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R/3o;e5o =4e5 &?itis nasicornis'

R

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,AN/RS IN RIVRS

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SALT3ATR ,AN/RS

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CHAPTER 12 - FIELD-E?PEDIENT *EAPONS' TOOLS'AND E@UIPMENT

As a soldier you know the importance o! proper care and use o! your weapons"tools" and e)uipment. This is especially true o! your kni!e. @ou must alwayskeep it sharp and ready to use. A kni!e is your most valuable tool in a survivalsituation. Imagine being in a survival situation without any weapons" tools" or

e)uipment e+cept your kni!e. It could happen, @ou might even be without akni!e. @ou would probably !eel helpless" but with the proper knowledge andskills" you can easily improvise needed items.

In survival situations" you may have to !ashion any number and type o! !ield%e+pedient tools and e)uipment to survive. C+amples o! tools and e)uipmentthat could make your li!e much easier are ropes" rucksacks" clothes" nets" andso on.

eapons serve a dual purpose. @ou use them to obtain and prepare !ood andto provide sel!%de!ense. A weapon can also give you a !eeling o! security andprovide you with the ability to hunt on the move.

CLU#S

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S%i#0 C%,

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A&&" P"i#t$

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LAS.IN/ AN, COR,A/

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RUC*SAC* CONSTRUCTION

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CLOT.IN/ AN, INSULATION

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Se=e5a0 40a39 a5e o

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CAUTIONA ea0e8 e;9o3 of ?a:?oo 00 e40o8e f /ea9e8 ?e;a

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CHAPTER 18 - DESERT SURVIVAL

To survive and evade in arid or desert areas" you must understand andprepare !or the environment you will !ace. @ou must determine youre)uipment needs" the tactics you will use" and how the environment will a!!ect

you and your tactics. @our survival will depend upon your knowledge o! theterrain" basic climatic elements" your ability to cope with these elements" and

your will to survive.

TRRAIN

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I39e3e

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.AT CASUALTIS

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CHAPTER 19 - TROPICAL SURVIVAL

/ost people think o! the tropics as a huge and !orbidding tropical rain !orestthrough which every step taken must be hacked out" and where every inch o!the way is crawling with danger. Actually" over hal! o! the land in the tropics iscultivated in some way.

A knowledge o! !ield skills" the ability to improvise" and the application o! theprinciples o! survival will increase the prospects o! survival.

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Vines

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S

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CHAPTER 1: - COLD *EATHER SURVIVAL

0ne o! the most di!!icult survival situations is a cold weather scenario.Remember" cold weather is an adversary that can be as dangerous as anenemy soldier. Cvery time you venture into the cold" you are pitting yoursel!against the elements. ith a little knowledge o! the environment" proper

plans" and appropriate e)uipment" you can overcome the elements. As you

remove one or more o! these !actors" survival becomes increasingly di!!icult.Remember" winter weather is highly variable. :repare yoursel! to adapt tobli**ard conditions even during sunny and clear weather.

1old is a !ar greater threat to survival than it appears. It decreases your abilityto think and weakens your will to do anything e+cept to get warm. 1old is aninsidious enemy# as it numbs the mind and body" it subdues the will tosurvive.

1old makes it very easy to !orget your ultimate goal%%to survive.

COL, R/IONS AN, LOCATIONS

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CHAPTER 16 - SEA SURVIVAL

:erhaps the most di!!icult survival situation to be in is sea survival. Short%orlong%term survival depends upon rations and e)uipment available and youringenuity. @ou must be resource!ul to survive.

ater covers about F6 percent o! the earths sur!ace" with about F; percentbeing oceans and seas. @ou can assume that you will sometime cross vaste+panses o! water. There is always the chance that the plane or ship you areon will become crippled by such ha*ards as storms" collision" !ire" or war.

T. OPN SA

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D"# !t Se!

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Avoid urinating.If >o< : 8o o 3 :a00 a:oo< :o< a 4o?0e. Do 9/e a:e f >o< :o< a5e 3 9/e a9e5 40a/ a38 >e00 e003g 00 ;a5e9/e /a5@ aa>. Co3e5=e >oe f 4o?0e. If >o< /99/e /a5@ o3 9/e 3oe >o< :a> 3oo< a5e 3 a 5af9 a38 ee /a5@--

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U33a4 9/e

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CHAPTER 17 - E?PEDIENT *ATER CROSSINS

In a survival situation" you may have to cross a water obstacle. It may be inthe !orm o! a river" a stream" a lake" a bog" )uicksand" )uagmire" or muskeg.Cven in the desert" !lash !loods occur" making streams an obstacle. hateverit is" you need to know how to cross it sa!ely.

RIVRS AN, STRA0SYo< ;a3 a440> a0:o9 e=e5> 8e;549o3 9o 5=e5 a38 95ea:. T/e> :a> ?e /a00o o58ee4 0o o5 fa9 :o=3g 3a55o o5 8e. Befo5e >o< 95> 9o ;5o a 5=e5 o5 95ea:8e=e0o4 a goo8 40a3.

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Rocky places.Yo< :a>

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40a;e >o

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RA'TS

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9/e a5 00 3o9 e;a4e. Yo< 3o /a=e a9e5 3g 9o @ee4 >o< af0oa9 a >o< ;5o 9/e?o8> of a9e5.

8ote9 et the trousers be!ore in!lating to trap the air better @ou may have torein!late the trousers several times when crossing a large body o! water.

Cmpty containers.La/ 9oge9/e5 /e5 e:49> ga ;a3 a9e5 4e off0o9a9o3 8e=;e o30> 3 a 0o-:o=3g 5=e5 o5 95ea:.

:lastic bags and ponchos.F00 9o o5 :o5e 40a9; ?ag 9/ a5 a38 e;o 38e 9o 9/a9 >o< /a=e a 5o00 a9 0ea9 2* ;e39:e9e5 3 8a:e9e5. Te 9/e e38 of 9/e 5o00e;. Yo< ;a3 ea5 9 a5oo

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CHAPTER 1; - FIELD-E?PEDIENT DIRECTION FINDIN

In a survival situation" you will be e+tremely !ortunate i! you happen to have amap and compass. I! you do have these two pieces o! e)uipment" you willmost likely be able to move toward help. I! you are not pro!icient in using amap and compass" you must take the steps to gain this skill.

There are several methods by which you can determine direction by using thesun and the stars. These methods" however" will give you only a generaldirection. @ou can come up with a more nearly true direction i! you know theterrain o! the territory or country.

@ou must learn all you can about the terrain o! the country or territory to which you or yourunit may be sent" especially any prominent !eatures or landmarks. This knowledge o! theterrain together with using the methodse+plained below will let you come up with !airlytrue directions to help you navigate.

USIN/ T. SUN AN, S.A,O3ST/e ea59/ 5e0a9o3/4 9o 9/e o< 9o 8e9e5:3e 85e;9o3 o3 ea59/. T/e 5e 3 9/e ea9 a38 e9 3 9/e e9 ? 8

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Step 3.)a9 1* 9o 1 :3

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The *!t.h Meth"(

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The N"&the S)3

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0A*IN/ I0PROVIS, CO0PASSS

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CHAPTER 1< - SINALIN TECHNI@UES

0ne o! your !irst concerns when you !ind yoursel! in a survival situation is tocommunicate with your !riends or allies. >enerally" communication is thegiving and receiving o! in!ormation. As a survivor" you must get your rescuersattention !irst" and second" send a message your rescuer understands. Some

attention%getters are man%made geometric patterns such as straight lines"circles" triangles" or Gs displayed in uninhabited areas# a large !ire or !lash o!light# a large" bright ob$ect moving slowly# or contrast" whether !rom color orshadows. The type o! signal used will depend on your environment and theenemy situation.

APPLICATION

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Vi$!% Si0#!%$

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of 2** 9o 21 :e9e5 ?

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Fg

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AIRCRA'T VCTORIN/ PROC,URS

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CHAPTER 2> - SURVIVAL MOVEMENT IN HOSTILE AREAS

The =rescue at any cost= philosophy o! previous con!licts is not likely to bepossible in !uture con!licts. 0ur potential adversaries have made greatprogress in air de!ense measures and radio direction !inding &R

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CHAPTER 21 - CAMOUFLAE

In a survival situation" especially in a hostile environment" you may !ind itnecessary to camou!lage yoursel!" your e)uipment" and your movement. Itmay mean the di!!erence between survival and capture by the enemy.

1amou!lage and movement techni)ues" such as stalking" will also help you getanimals or game !or !ood using primitive weapons and skills.

PRSONAL CA0OU'LA/

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M"/e+e#t

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CHAPTER 22 - CONTACT *ITH PEOPLE

Some o! the best and most !re)uently given advice" when dealing with localpeoples" is !or the survivor to accept" respect" and adapt to their ways. Thus"=when in Rome" do as the Romans do.= This is e+cellent advice" but there areseveral considerations involved in putting this advice into practice.

CONTACT 3IT. LOCAL POPL

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CHAPTER 28 - SURVIVAL IN MAN-MADE HA=ARDS

8uclear" chemical" and biological weapons have become potential realities onany modern battle!ield. Recent e+perience in A!ghanistan" 1ambodia" andother areas o! con!lict has proved the use o! chemical and biological weapons&such as mycoto+ins'. The war!ighting doctrine o! the 8AT0 and arsaw :act

nations addresses the use o! both nuclear and chemical weapons. Thepotential use o! these weapons intensi!ies the problems o! survival because o!the serious dangers posed by either radioactive !allout or contamination

produced by persistent biological or chemical agents.

@ou must use special precautions i! you e+pect to survive in these man%madeha*ards. I! you are sub$ected to any o! the e!!ects o! nuclear" chemical" orbiological war!are" the survival procedures recommended in this chapter maysave your li!e. This chapter presents some background in!ormation on eachtype o! ha*ard so that you may better understand the true nature o! theha*ard. Awareness o! the ha*ards" knowledge o! this chapter" and application

o! common sense should keep you alive.

T. NUCLAR NVIRON0NT

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