5G: A 2020 Vision - Cambridge Wireless - Events, … · 5G: A 2020 Vision Small Cells SIG & ......

5G: A 2020 Vision

Small Cells SIG & Radio Tech SIG event

3rd Feb 2015

Zahid Ghadialy @zahidtg V1.1.0

2

Non-confidential – Public © eXplanoTech Ltd.

about eXplanoTech

Requirement Analysis

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System Integration

Simplified ‘Network Capacity’ equation 3


Quantity of Spectrum (Hz)

Cell Spectrum Efficiency (bps Hz-1)

Number of Cells x x Σ b a n d

= Network Capacity (bps)

Wi-Fi, 4.5G and pre-5G

4

• 4.5G whitepaper – published June 2014

• 19,000+ views

• Download from slideshare

4.5G = LTE-A + Wi-Fi simultaneously 5


http://www.slideshare.net/zahidtg/45g-integration-of-lte-and-wifi-networks

6


802.11ax – High Efficiency WLAN (HEW)

Image source: Wikipedia

Total bandwidth, nearly 90 MHz

7


2.4GHz ISM Band

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WLAN_channels

Image source: RevolutionWiFi

Total bandwidth, nearly 900 MHz

8


5GHz Band

http://www.revolutionwifi.net/

Total bandwidth, nearly 9GHz

9


60GHz Band

10


Alcatel-Lucent view of 4.5G (and 5G)

11


Huawei’s vision of 4.5G

Huawei to finalise '4.5G' branding by

Q1, commercialise in 2016

21st November 2014: Huawei said it will finalise the name of

the emerging technology between 4G and 5G, which it is

currently calling 4.5G, in the first quarter of 2015 and targets

launching commercial products in 2016… “But we think it’s

not that important what you call it. It could be 4GX, 4G+ or 4G

B.”

EE exec takes swipe at 4.5G “hype”

22nd October 2014: Mansoor Hanif, director of RAN

development and programmes for UK number one operator EE,

said there is “a lot of confusion out there” about the industry’s

latest buzz-phrase, 4.5G.

…

“To some people, 4.5G is the combination of 4G plus Wi-Fi

aggregated, to some people it’s something like that but closer to

5G. Each partner, each vendor, each operator has their own

view. Vodafone in one presentation said that 4.5G refers to

carrier aggregation,” he said.

Pre-5G ZTE to launch 'pre-5G' base station next year

23rd December, 2014: Chinese vendor ZTE has said it plans to launch a ‘pre-

5G’ testing base station in 2015, commercial use of which will be possible in

2016, following tests and adjustment.

Pre-5G technology is a concept the company first proposed at a summit in

Amsterdam at a time when industry insiders said 5G technology would not be

deployed in the market before 2020.

12

5G

5G summary from MWC 2014 14


• Two key mantra’s for 5G:

– ABC (Always Best Connected)

– ASR (Always Sufficient Rate) – to give users the perception of infinite capacity

What is 5G 15

“The 5G litmus test for me is a new air interface and different ways to do end-to-end policy set-up than just the nine QCIs [QoS

Class Identifiers] specified in LTE today. When those are combined, that will be

5G as far as I’m concerned” - Michael

Peeters, CTO of Alcatel-Lucent’s wireless business

unit Source: 5G Reality Check – Mobile Europe, Dec. 2014

16


Conflicting views on 5G #1

http://www.slideshare.net/zahidtg/5-g-reality-check-mobileeurope-dec2014

“We believe OFDM, which we’ve inherited from LTE, is the best

combination with MIMO. We don’t see a strong motivation at this point in time to walk away from OFDM because it has in-

built flavour that can easily support a high number of antennas, as well as

being cost and energy efficient, which will outweigh the little performance you gain from the other waveforms.” - Peter

Merz, Head of Radio Systems, Technology and Innovation at Nokia Networks.

Source: 5G Reality Check – Mobile Europe, Dec. 2014

17




“In new frequency bands, perhaps around 6GHz, we think we’ll see allocations of

much wider bandwidth, perhaps hundreds of MHz, so we’re looking at some variant of access technologies, but not too unlike

what we have in LTE today, yes, there might be some things we do to OFDM in

higher frequencies – to optimise it for higher bandwidth and reduce latency – but we think the basic modulation scheme will be the same.” - Dr. Håkan Andersson, Head

of 5G Product Strategy, Radio Business Unit, Ericsson

Source: 5G Reality Check – Mobile Europe, Dec. 2014

18




ITU Requirements for IMT-Future 19


Attribute IMT-Advanced 4G

IMT-Future 5G

Achievable Rates (Mbps)

1Gbps 10-50Gbps

Connection Density

106-107/km2

Mobility & Coverage

350km/h 500km/h

Energy Efficiency

1x 50-100x

Spectral Efficiency

1x 5-15x

Latency 10ms 1ms

• 1-10Gbps connections to end points in the field (i.e. not theoretical maximum)

• 1 millisecond end-to-end round trip delay (latency)

• 1000x bandwidth per unit area

• 10-100x number of connected devices

• (Perception of) 99.999% availability

• (Perception of) 100% coverage

• 90% reduction in network energy usage

• Up to ten year battery life for low power, machine-type devices

Source: Understanding 5G: Perspectives on future technological advancements in mobile - GSMA Intelligence, December 2014

20


IMT-2020 (5G) technology requirements

http://www.slideshare.net/zahidtg/understanding-5g-perspectives-on-future-technological-advancements-in-mobile

http://www.slideshare.net/zahidtg/understanding-5g-perspectives-on-future-technological-advancements-in-mobile

Image Source: 5G-From Research to Standardisation - Bernard Barani European Commission, Globecom2014

21


5G: Multiple inter-operable standards?

Optimize for data rate

Optimize for connection

numbers

Optimize for delay

http://www.slideshare.net/zahidtg/bernard-ecpanelr2-s2014



• Clean-Slate

• 2G

• 3G

• 4G

• 5G?

22


Internet of Things (IoT) – possibilities • Zigbee

• 6LoWPAN

• Z-Wave

• Sigfox

• Weightless

• BLE

• oneM2M

• LTN

• Thread

• 802.11ah

Non-exhaustive list

5G Spectrum

Note: Not according to scale

24


Spectrum Bands Summary

300MHz 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz

UHF

8GHz 12GHz 18GHz 27GHz 30GHz 40GHz

SHF

75GHz 110GHz 300GHz

EHF

30MHz

VHF

millimetre wave (mmWave / mmW) centimetre wave (cmWave)

Microwaves

L IEEE Bands S C X Ku K Ka V W

ITU-R Bands

E E

86GHz 57GHz

V

71-76, 81-86GHz

57-66GHz

Importance of Frequency Selection

2.1GHz 900MHz

Higher frequency means faster

decay

Lower frequency means more number of users in a

given cell

Higher frequency gets reflected from walls and have poor penetration

Lower frequency gets attenuated from walls but

still penetrates

25

5G needs combination of low & high freq. 26


Metis: Possible 5G bands 9-40GHz 27








NTT Docomo 5G Trials 31


Image Source: Telecom TV

See NTT Docomo press release: DOCOMO to Conduct 5G Experimental Trials with World-leading Mobile Technology Vendors, May 2014

http://www.telecomtv.com/articles/5g/ntt-docomo-announces-major-5g-trials-over-multiple-technologies-and-spectrum-11355/

https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/info/media_center/pr/2014/0508_00.html




Source: Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications - The Renaissance of Computing and Communications – Ted Rappaport, ICC 2014

32


mmWave Wavelength Visualization – 60GHz

http://www.slideshare.net/zahidtg/millimeter-wave-wireless-communications-the-renaissance-of-computing-and-communications






Source: Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications - The Renaissance of Computing and Communications – Ted Rappaport, ICC 2014

33


“Zero Area” Antenna Implementation






Long road for 5G spectrum discussions 34


5G Technologies

• These technologies are often lumped along with 5G but will happen anyway and will lay the foundation of 5G

– SDN and NFV

– Cloud RAN (C-RAN) and Remote Radio Head (RRH)

– Densification of Networks/HetNet’s

– Voice/Video and Messaging enhancements

– New Codecs

– Machine-to-Machine (M2M) enhancements

– Device-to-Device (D2D) enhancements

– Higher order modulations (HOMs) in downlink and uplink

– Dynamic spectrum allocation/sharing techniques

– Cloud, Caching and CDN

36


Technologies independent of ‘5G’

• The key technologies that are being discussed for ‘5G’ are as follows (non-exhaustive list):

– Centimetre & Millimetre frequencies/waves

– Super wideband spectrum

– New waveforms, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC)

– In-Band Full Duplex (IBFD)

– 3D Massive MIMO and Beamforming

– Cognitive radio spectrum sensing techniques

– No-Edge/Edgeless cells

– Smaller cells and Ultra-dense Networks (UDN).

– Multi-stream aggregation (MSA)

– Control/User plane spit in access network (Phantom Cell)

37


Key ‘5G’ Technologies Under Discussion

China Mobile’s vision of ‘6 Pearls’ 38

Picture Source: Vision 2020 Perspective and Progress of CMCC, Dr. Chih-Lin I, 5G Huddle, Sep. 2014

http://www.slideshare.net/zahidtg/vision-2020-perspective-and-progress-of-cmcc

Source: Exploring 5G: Performance Targets, Technologies & Timelines

39


Rethinking Shannon

http://www.slideshare.net/sniri/s-g-niri-light-reading-5-g-webinar

Picture Source: SK Telecom 5G whitepaper

40


In-Band Full Duplex (IBFD)

http://www.slideshare.net/zahidtg/sk-telecom-5g-whitepaper

Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) 41


Ultra dense deployment

Multi-hop deployment

Industrial Automation Vehicle to vehicle

deployment

Relaying deployment

Military deployment

Multiple carriers

Different technologies

Multi-Stream Aggregation (MSA) 42


Multi-RAT Carrier Aggregation (MCA)

HSPA/HSPA+ HSPA/HSPA+ HSPA/HSPA+

Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi

LTE/LTE-A LTE/LTE-A LTE/LTE-A LTE/LTE-A

TD-LTE TD-LTE TD-LTE TD-LTE

5G (low freq) 5G (low freq)

5G 5G 5G 5G 5G 5G 5G

5G Timelines

The race to be ‘first’ with 5G 44


Huawei targets 2018 World Cup in

Russia for 5G trial

November 20, 2014: Huawei is getting even deeper into 5G

waters, inking a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with

MegaFon in Russia, with plans to demonstrate 5G in a trial

during the FIFA World Cup in 2018.

That's two years ahead of when commercial 5G is expected to

be available…

NTT Docomo names suppliers for 5G

trials; targets 2020 commercial

launch

08/05/14: NTT Docomo, Japan’s biggest mobile operator,

announced it is working with six suppliers to conduct various

“experimental trials” for 5G involving higher frequency bands

than those used for existing mobile technologies.

SK Telecom teams with Nokia on 5G

demo slated for 2018

Jan 21, 2015: The race to be the first to demonstrate and launch

5G is heating up. The latest entrant is SK Telecom which

announced today that it has signed a memorandum of

understanding (MOU) with Nokia to conduct joint research and

development on 5G with the ultimate goal of demonstrating the

technology in 2018 and commercially launching it in 2020.

Samsung aims to debut 5G at 2018

Olympics

October 22, 2014: Samsung aims to launch 5G-based products

in time for the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in PyeongChang.

Speaking at the ITU's 5G Global Summit, Samsung head of

communications research Cheun Kyung-whoon said the

PyeongChang Winter Olympics and the Tokyo Summer

Olympics in 2020 will be an ideal time to showcase 5G

technology, the Korea Herald said.

Picture Source: Morgan Mullooly, Twitter

45


Length of time between initial LTE and LTE-A Deployments

https://twitter.com/mulloom2/status/554924074305347584/photo/1

Road to 5G: Approximate schedule 46


2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Requirements &

Exploration

Standardization &

Prototype

Trials

& Commercial

Deployments

IMT. Vision IMT. Proposals IMT. Specifications

IMT-Advanced

2018

Enhancements to

IMT-Advanced for

use in IMT spectrum

below 6,5 GHz

IMT-2020 [5G]

Including new RITs

that might or might not

be backward

compatible for use in

IMT spectrum below

and/or above 6,5 GHz

ITU Requirements WS

Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16

- Scenarios & requirements

- SI* for low spectrum

- Channel modeling for high

spectrum

- WI* for low

spectrum

- SI* for high

spectrum

- WI* for low

spectrum

enhancement

- WI* for high

spectrum

Phase I Phase II Phase III

Basic research work

Vision building

Large-scale trials

Early standardization

System optimization

Pre-standardization

* SI : Study Items

WI : Work Items

Metis

For Guidance Only

Source: Future Networks – Bernard Celli, ANFR, Digiworld 2014

http://www.slideshare.net/DigiWorldIDATE/2-39-bernard-ce

Roadmaps to 5G 47


• NFV based network implementation

• mmWave (or cmWave but mmWave preferable)

• Massive MIMO (at least 64x64) and 3D Beamforming

• Dense Small Cells network with MSA

48


5G Prototype: Minimum set of features

5G Target 49


Internet of things

Automotive industry Medical care

Smart meters Sensors

UHD video streaming Augmented reality

Big data e-learning

Environment Remote medicine

Smart Home Robots

Enhanced mobile broadband

Safety networks

Interactive HD TV

Shipping logistic

Traffic safety control

Modern agriculture Industrial applications

Geolocation

Social gaming

Real 3D

Tactile Internet

Services

Cloud

Fiber

SDN

HetNet Satellite

Unlicensed Cognitive radio

4G LTE LSA

Small cells

Massive MiMo

Wi-Fi

Sharing

New waveform

Virtualized radio

Multi integrated wireless

High spectrum

Carrier aggregation

Technologies

Traffic x 1000 Density x 10

User convenience

Data rates x 10 Reliability

Availability Capacity

End to end latency (/ 5)

Seamless mobility

Systems continuity

Objectives

Spectrum efficiency

Energy efficiency

Cost efficiency

Security

Adaptability

Constraints

Source: Future Networks – Bernard Celli, ANFR, Digiworld 2014

For Guidance Only

http://www.slideshare.net/DigiWorldIDATE/2-39-bernard-ce

‘5G’ will make this possible 50


I would like to thank the following people for their contributions through either online or personal discussions and guidance. In no particular order:

• Dr. Shahram Niri

• Elena Neira

• John K. Bramfield

• Dan Warren

• Philip Solis

• Morgan Mullooly

• David Rogers

• Ajit Jaokar

51


Acknowledgements

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