Dr . Chen X iao , S tandard St r a t egy D i r ec to r

5G Internet of VehicleOutlook and Practice

2

Part 1 : Overview

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3

Extension of internet of vehicles concept: V2X is the engine

Vehicles Pedestrian Road Things

Cloud/Internet Network

End

V2X

Platform

Applications

V2V V2P V2I

V2N

4

Both D2D and Uu communication are mandatory for V2X

Uu: V2N, as well as V2I and V2P connection interface (like 3GPP LTE/5G network)

D2D: V2V, as well as V2I and V2P connection interface (like 3GPP PC5 and IEEE 802.11p)

5

IoV applications expected from different Industries

Internet

of

Vehicles

management Transportation

VehicleIT Service

ADAS Auto-Driving

Smart Road and Service

Future Travelling &

logistics

Traffic Management and planning

6

L4/L5 level autonomous driving is the IoV killing application

New HVI

No driving skill and physical

requirement， increase usage time

OPEX down New business Mode

No cost of human driver，

low management cost

For Example：Shared Vehicle

Space

More efficiency

Lower energy consume, higher

road usage， less parking time

and space

7

IoV is consider as the right way for L4/5 auto-driving

Blind zones of vehicle sensors

Perception beyond vehicle sensor range

perception fusion (in case vehicle sensor error)

Automated intersection cross (without traffic light)

1 2

3 4

8

50-80%

throughput

50-80%

Accidents

10-30%

efficiency

28%

Cost

20%

Emission

Source：Xinhua Net – Xinhua Technology 2018.08.23

Targets of future Internet of Vehicles

9

Part 2 : IoV Challenges

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10

Technical

Resource

standard

Policy

Business mode

Challenges faced by Internet of vehicles from different levels

• Business mode (still under study)

• Policy & regulation (unclear who invest and how to operate)

• Standard (fragment of SDOs e.g. 3GPP C2X VS IEEE DSRC)

• Resource (e.g. Frequency plan)

• Technical (e.g. QoS, security)

11

Business mode challenges : too many players in IoV

Road sideUnit

Module

OBU Tier 1OEM

Manufacturer

DeviceVendor

Telecom operator

Integration vendor

Consumer

Network

Transportservice

operator

Transportation system

Device supply

Purchase

Communication domain

Service provider

Chipset

Example of Internet of Vehicles V2X key players

12

Fragment of V2X SDOs: DSRC VS C-V2X

D2D mode

3GPP UuV2V,V2I,V2P,V2N

802.11p(V2V, V2I)

3GPP PC5

V2V，V2I，V2P

C-V2X

Uu mode

DSRC

13

Technical challenges for V2X : Bandwidth, latency & reliability

• HD-Map update

• Traffic light notification

• Service information push

• Intersection crossing alarm

• Front/rear accident alarm

• Roadside abnormal alarm

• Vehicle speed guidance

• Path planning optimize

• Traffic planning optimize

• Platooning

• Remote control driving

• Sensor sharing

• Full coverage

• Bandwidth: 50-100Mbps

• Coverage<300m

• Delay 2ms-20ms

• Reliability 99.999%

• 1000m-full coverage

• Delay 2ms-20ms

• Reliability 99.999%

• 1000m-full coverage

• 100-500Mbps

• Delay 2ms-20ms

• Reliability 99.999%

Information Service Fundamental Safety Traffic efficiency Advanced coordination

• Traditional V2X technology cannot meet those new requirements

14

More and more cyber security challenges for IoV

• Charlie Miller &Chris

Valasek break in

Toyoto Prius via OBD

interface

2013

• Samy kamkar break

in OnStar system

• 360 break in BYD

cloud service

• 360 break in Telsa

mmWave sensor

system

• Charlie Miller&Chris

break in JEEP

2015

• Tecent break in Tesla

system remotely,

again

2017

• 360 hijack Tesla

remote control

function

2014

• Nissan LEAF vehicle

API espoused to

hacker

• Troy Hunt find a

Nissan Connect

service security

vulnerability

• Tecent break in Tesla

system remotely

2016

• Over 10 Security

vulnerabilities news

from Uber, Goget,

Amazon, AWS,

Careem, Porsche ,

Honda and Telsa Iov

service

2018

More codes

60M-200M code lines

running over 1000 OBUs per vehicle

More bugs

20% ramp up per year

for software products

More interfaces

e.g. T-Box, IVI, OBD,

USB, charger, GPS, camera, OBU, V2X

More vulnerability

e.g. direct attack,

attack via port device, remote wireless attack

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Part 3 : IoV and 5G Outlook

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IoV driven by government in many countries

EU：Horizon 2020

USA：ITS strategy plan 2015-2019 China: Made in China 2025

Japan：Autonomous driving system plan

17

Potential IoV business development path outlook

Limited area

Limited service

Limited vehicle

Full applicationFull application in safety, efficiency, energy saving based on vehicle0-road coordination

Mandatory for special vehicle like truck, bus and other operation service vehicle

Some basic transportation safety service like traffic light instruction, road accident alarm

Traditional

ADAS

Half auto-driving

Advanced auto-driving

Full auto-driving

Vehicle path ITS pathIoV application evolution path

Traditional ITS

V2I based safety service

Limited services

Special vehicle transportation service

New generation ITS service

Limited and closed area for vehicle-road coordination trial like park, garden public transport service

18

Acceleration for IoV Standards world widely

For example：V2X， Spectrum

C-V2X3GPP+ ETSI TC ITS

(China: CCSA TC5, C-ITS, CAICV)

DSRC IEEE 802.11P

(China: C-ITS)

Example：Vehicle Termination，Device API，Web API，Vehicle API

OMA, W3C, ISO TC22, ISO TC204(China: CAICV, CCSA TC11, TIAA)

Example：access management, network capability，positioning, vehicle gateway, active safety, smart travelling, traffic management

3GPP, SAE， ITU SG16/20，IEEE1609, OneM2M (China: TIAA, C-SAE, C-ITS, CCSA TC10, CAICV)

ETSI MEC, 3GPP SA 1/2/6, Openforg/IIC

（China：e.g. CCSA）

Computing

Edge Computing

Security

ISO TC22, IEC, SAE, ITU, WP29, 3GPP SA3

(China: e.g. CCSA, C-ITS, C-SAE, CAICV,TIAA,

NISSTC- TC260)

V2X and information

5GAA（China：e.g. IMT 2020

V2X）

Business Promotion

Requirement/Solution/IoP

Application

Platform

Access

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V2X side link spectrum resource availability

EU：50M@5.9G

USA：70M@5.9G in 1999 China：20M@5.9G in 2018

Japan：9M@700M in 2000

Maybe @5.8G in future

20

V2X technology ready to go : C-V2X VS DSRC

EU：No agreement!

USA：DSRC/IEEE 802.11P China：3GPP C-V2X

Japan：No Decision

3340 OBU, 2286RSU, 18000 Vehicles

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C-V2X market may rump up very quickly since China effects

• 3GPP release V2X

phase 2 in 2018 June.

• MIIT release

《National IoV

industry standard

system development

guideline (general

requirement)》in

2018 June

• MIIT allocated

20MHz 5.9G

resource to LTE-V2X

(PC5)

• MIIT: 5 provinces

and 2 cities start to

trial IoV applications

• Ministry of Transport

department start to

trial smart road and

national traffic

control network in 9

provinces

Government driving

Standard drop

Resource allocation

Technical trial

• China MIIT release

“ICV roadmap” and

C-SAE release “IoV

work plan” in 2017

• “IoV industry

development

committee“ was

founded by China

state council

22

C-V2X ecosystem already setup in China (by IMT-2020)

V2X chipset

V2X module

System and UE equipment

Automobile factory

Platform and operation

Security and test

Positioning and HD-Map

Research and others

Figure source from：

China IMT-2020 V2X working group

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5G is the solution for C-V2X technical challenges

1000x network capacity

10-100x subscriber throughput

1000K connections/km2

10x + battery stand

1ms latency

99.999% reliability

eMBB mMTC URLLC

Gbits

3D/HD video

High quality voice Cloud game

VR/AR

Smart home

Smart city

Industry internet Autonomous driving

High reliability app

M2M

Cloud office Mobile Medical

ITS

2017.12 R15 NSA

2018.06 R15 SA

2019.03 R15 Late drop

2020.03 R16

2021.06 R17 (TBD)

3GPP Roadmap

24

High throughput

• 3.5 Higher spectral

efficiency to

achieve higher

throughput

High-speed

• At 500kmph

relative speeds

Low latency

• Connectionless

“on-the-fly”

groups and

distance-based

design

• latency 1-5ms

Higher reliability

• Multicast support

using efficient

Feedback for PC5

and Uu

• 99.999%

5G NR V2X enhancement for IoV safety and efficiency

25

5G NR V2X work items in 3GPP R16

1. NR sidelink

• Support of sidelink signals, channels, bandwidth part, and resource pools [RAN1, RAN2]

• Resource allocation [RAN1, RAN2]

• Sidelink synchronization mechanism [RAN1, RAN2]

• In-device co-ex between LTE and NR sidelink [RAN1, RAN2, RAN4]

• Physical layer procedure – HARQ, CSI report for unicast, Power control [RAN1, RAN2]

• Congestion control [RAN1, RAN2]

• L2/3 protocols and signaling [RAN1, RAN2]

• Network solution to support NR sidelink – authorization, signaling, resource

coordination among BS. [RAN3]

• UE Tx and Rx RF requirement [RAN4]

• RRM core requirement [RAN4]

26

Other 5G V2X related study/work item in 3GPP R16

• Study on Improvement of V2X Service Handling S1 100%

• Improvement of V2X service Handling S1 100%

• Study on application layer support for V2X services S6 100%

• Application layer support for V2X services S6 65%

• Study on architecture enhancements for 3GPP support of advanced V2X services

S2 95%

• Architecture enhancements for 3GPP support of advanced V2X services

S2 30%

• Study on NR Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) R1 100%

• Study on V2X Media Handling and Interaction S4 70%

• Study on Security Aspects of 3GPP support for Advanced V2X Services

S3 0%

• 5G V2X with NR sidelink R1 0%

• Core part: 5G V2X with NR sidelink R1 0%

• Perf. part: 5G V2X with NR sidelink R4 0%

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5G EC solution helps to optimize IoV cost & performance

Vehicles Pedestrian Road Things

End

Access

5GC

Cloud/Internet

V2V V2P V2I

V2N

EC@end

EC@Local EC@Local

Cloud@Central

EC@AccessNode

EC@AccessNode

EC@Edge EC@Edge

Time critical service（like driving safety service)

Non- time critical service (like information service)

Time critical service

Non– time critical service

Time critical service

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uRLLC SliceeMBB Slice

Time critical safety service

• Collision warning

• Lane switching

assistance

• Abnormal vehicle alarm

• Pedestrian alarm

• Platooning

• Traffic light alarm

• Road side parking

vehicle alarm

Information service

with high bandwidth:

• Traffic video

information sharing

• HD-Map update

• HD-Map information

collection

• Positioning

• Remote control

• Advertisement

• Amusement

Core network

5G Slicing guarantees IoV service resource allocation

MECMEC

ITS center

29

5G positioning enhancement to support IoV applications

Vehicles Pedestrian Road Things

End

Integrated communication and positioning network

Sync network

Satellite Positioning network

Enhanced positioning coverage network （overlapped with 5G

RAN）

Enhanced positioning coverage network （overlapped with 5G

RAN）

5G Location/ Positioning Server

Independent positioning enhancement Element

30

Outlook for C-V2X based IoV Roadmap – ramp up in 2020

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

5.9GHz Spectrum Trial in China

5.9GHz Spectrum (20M) approved by MIIT in China

5.9GHz Spectrum approved in Europe

5.9GHz Spectrum expected in US

3GPP R14 LTE advanced Pro V2X Phase 1

3GPP R15 NR phase 1: eMBB ready LTE V2X phase 2 (PC5)

3GPP R16 NR phase2:5G NR V2X SI

3GPP R16 5G NR V2X WI

LTE V2X field trial& chipset test

LTE V2X pre-commercial test for IoP

LTE V2X commercial deployment

Prodcution car with LTE V2X pre-installed

Prodcution car with 5G NR V2X pre-installed

5G NR V2X chipset development, trail and commercial test

Platform, security, applications development

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Part 4 : ZTE 5G and 5G IoV practice

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ZTE 5G is ready

Unified RAN Simplified Network Active Ecosystem

AI

Common Core

5G-Ready

Infrastructure

Agile 5G Slicing

Network

Security

5G IOT

Superior Capability；Extremely Simple; Agile Operating

Simplified Network,Open Platform,Intelligent Architecture

5G Ready Solution

Supreme Network,

Empowering 5G Era

5G Commercial Deployment

All Scenarios'

4G&5G

5G on the Air

E-OTN

5G Flexhaul

5GAugmented Video Analysis

5G MEC based Cloud VR

5G Intelligent ManufacturingTITAN

IP+Optical

5G Remote Control Robot

Creating Win-win Ecosystem,Expanding Vertical Market Sharing

Big Video

33

ZTE Position in 5G IoV ：Communication + Computing

Vehicles Pedestrian Road Things

Cloud/Internet Network

End

V2X

Platform

Applications

V2V V2P V2I

V2N

Edge Computing

Edge Computing

Edge Computing

Enable information flowing and computing resources sharing among ends and Clouds

34

ZTE 5G IoV Products: E2E V2X solutions

Vehicles Road Things

Cloud/Internet Network

End

V2X

Platform

Applications

Module/OBU

with 5G/LTE UU and PC5

Roadside Unit

with LTE-V/PC5/GPS

With MEC and Slicing SolutionsLTE-V/5G network

35

ZTE actively driving and leading 5G IoV standards

3500+3GPP 5G Contributions

300+3GPP V2X Contributions

36

Cooperate with over top 20 operators for 5G world widely

37

ZTE 5G trial networks in China

Beijing and Changsha,

SANY 5G Smart Factory

Chongqing, China Unicom

5G Industry Park, 5G+8K,

5G+MR

Wuhan, China Mobile 5G 360 Degree Panoramic Live

Broadcasting

Guangzhou, China Mobile 5G base

station in TV tower

Hainan, 5G Remote Education in

Hainan Open University

Smart city in Xiong-an 5G Unmanned Logistics Smart Port in Tianjin

Ha-er-bin, 5G Smart bus

Beijing, CCTV news 5G+4K live webcastZTE 5G phone Axon 10 Pro

Shandong China Unicom & SDLG5G Remote Control Excavator

Nanjing LukouInternational Airport5G Smart Airport

China State Grid Shanghai, China Mobile Shanghai 5G support Smart Grid

Zhejiang SUPCON, China Mobile Zhejiang for Smart Chemical Factory in Xin-an city

12G bps+Cell peak rate

3G bps+Subscriber peak rate

<3 msOne way Latency

38

ZTE 5G V2X trial for support auto-driving in XionganZTE cooperate with Baidu and China Telecom for auto-driving

• The first open road test in the industry in China (2018 )

• 5G V2C connection traffic >500Mbps/Vehicle

• Vehicle speed > 60km/h

2. 5G V2X vehicle-road coordination scenarios:

• Traffic signal information transmission (traffic light information)

• Collaborative control (crossroad priority evaluation)

1. 5G V2X HD-map application scenarios:

• High quality map download

• Update and upload HD map after road condition changing

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ZTE 5G V2X trial for remote driving in Xiongan, China

• Display remote vehicle surrounding information in 360 degree which caught from vehicle cameras and sensors and transfer via 5G network

• Remote control driving via 5G network

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ZTE 5G V2X trial for remote driving Truck in Tianjin Port

5G

5G NR Base station

Vehicle router 5G NR CPE

EthernetCore

network

Video Cameras inside driving room and on the top of vehicle

DWDM over 80km

Fixed line backhaul

Real time monitoring a remote auto-driving truck in harbor port with 360 degree HD-video cameras

High bandwidth and low latency with 5G+MEC network solution

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5G IoV, A Future We Can See!

T h a n k Y o u !