Günter Pfeifer

Technology Manager – Wireless Communication

5G Technology Introduction,

Market Status Overview and Worldwide Trials

5G & IoT Seminar, May 2017, Italy

What is 5G ?

Introduction

Timeline Verizon

SKT

KT

NTT DOCOMO

Etc.

Testing

Considerations

Outline

2

Standardization TrialsPhysical Layer

Datarate

Use cases

eMBB

What is 5G ?

Introduction

Timeline Verizon

SKT

KT

NTT DOCOMO

Etc.

Testing

Considerations

Outline

3

Standardization TrialsPhysical Layer

Datarate

Use cases

eMBB

What is 5G? – It’s a paradigm shift

4

1G1980s

2G1990s

3G2000s

4G2010s

5G2020s

Transition

from analog

to digital…

www

www

• Define use case

• Analyze requirements

• Define technology

• Define technology framework

• Find a use case

eMBB

mIoT URLLC

What is 5G?

5

Ultra-Dense

NetworksBroadband

Access

Automotive

Public Safety

Broadcast

Services

E-HealthMobility

IoT Sensor

Networks

Energy Savings

10-200X

System Capacity

100X

Data Rates

10-100X

Low Latency

< 1 ms

Device Capacity

100X

Revolutionary mmWave Data NetworksEvolutionary Wide Area Networks < 6GHz

The Triangle of 5G Use Cases

6

enhanced Mobile

Broadband (eMBB)

massive Machine

Type Communication

(mMTC)

Ultra Reliable &

Low Latency

Communication

(URLLC)

eMBB – the known playground

ı Established ecosystem (operators, manufacturers,

certification of devices)

ı Evolution from existing technologies (LTE-A, 802.11 ad)

and revolutionary additions (cm- / mm-wave)

ı It’s all about data (speed and capacity)

Massive IoT

ı A diverse ecosystem

(operators, manufacturers,

local authorities, certification

only for some technologies)

ı Mix of technologies

(GSM, Lora, Zigbee, WLAN,

Bluetooth, Cat M1, NB-IoT,…)

ı It’s all about cost efficiency

and massive connectivity

URLLC

ı A significantly enhanced and

diverse ecosystem (operators (?),

manufacturers, verticals,

certification not existing (yet))

ı Existing technologies do not

provide sufficient performance

ı It’s all about reliability and security

(data and capacity)

The Triangle of 5G Use CaseseMBB remains Priority 1

What is 5G ?

Introduction

Timeline Verizon

SKT

KT

NTT DOCOMO

Etc.

Testing

Considerations

Outline

7

Standardization TrialsPhysical Layer

Datarate

Use cases

eMBB

8

5G - Continuing the Success of LTE Evolution

2009/10+ 2013+ Commercial operation2016+

Rel8 Rel9 Rel10 Rel11 Rel12 Rel13 Rel14

20

MHz

MIMO

OFDM

MBMS

Voice

Service: Data+Voice Mobile Broadband (MBB) eMBB / mMTC / URLLC

8x8

MIMO

CA

eICIC

CoMP

WLAN

offload

MTC

D2D

DC

256

QAM

NB-

IoTCat0

LAA

LWA

LWIP

PSM

CA FDD

+ TDD

CAT

M1

SC-

PTM

D2D

enh.V2X

CA

enh.

mMTC

eMBB

URLCC

Pre-commercial field trials are anticipated

mid of 2017 with proprietary standards

based on agreements between network

operator(s) and their vendors

Where do we stand with 5G?

ı After research phase and early 5G prototype /

demonstrator stage transition towards concrete

specification and implementation work

ı 3GPP RAN started NR = 5G work item in

March 2017 and accelerated its timeline due to

industry activities outside 3GPP

9

3GPP StandardizationTimeline after 3GPP RAN#75 (March 2017)

2015

3GPP 5G

Workshop

Channel modeling > 6 GHz

Release 15Release 14Release 13

5G Scope and

Requirements

5G Phase 2 (Specification)

2016 2017 2018 2019

5G NR Work Items Phase 1

NR Phase 1 (Specification)

TR 38.900

finalized

TSG#80, June 2018:- Stage 3 for SA 5G-NR

- ASN.1 freeze in September 2018

TSG-RAN#78, December 2017: - Stage 3 for NSA 5G-NR

(NSA option 3 family)

- ASN.1 freeze in March 2018

TR 38.913

Release 16

NR: New Radio

SA: Standalone

NSA: Non Standalone

5G NR Work Items Phase 2

10

3GPP RAN#75: Start of NR (5G) work item in 3GPPı 3GPP naming convention:

→ GERAN („2.xG“) → UTRAN („3.xG“) → E-UTRAN („4.xG“) → NG-RAN („5.xG“)

3GPP document convention: 38.xxx series will cover NR

ı Application scenarios:

Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) – Top Prio in Rel-15

Ultra reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) – (at least partly) incl. in Rel-15

Massive machine-type-communications (mMTC) – shifted to Rel-16

ı Most likely radio technology innovations towards NEW RADIO (NR)

New spectrum: cm and mm Wave spectrum („beyond 6 GHz“)

Investigation of new spectrum (incl. channel modeling) ongoing

Massive MIMO on downlink

Focus on spatial domain deployment to increase capacity (3D view on coverage area)

CP-OFDM based transmission scheme on downlink

New <TBD> non-orthogonal transmission scheme on uplink

11

3GPP officially launched New Radio (NR) specification workOption 3/3A is prioritized for NSA (connectivity options in TR 38.801)

12May 2017

ı Dual connectivity between NR and LTE

E-UTRA master, NR secondary

Via EPC (Option 3)

Via NGC (Option 7)

NR master, E-UTRA secondary*

Via NGC (Option 4)

ı Single connectivity to Next-Generation

Core (NGC) - option 2

*Lower priority - started after the work on option 2, 3 series and 7 series are completed

S1MME

XxC

Xxu

Option 3:

eNB gNB

EPC

S1U

Option 2:NGC

gNB

NGU NGC

S1MME

XxC

S1U

Option 3A:

eNB gNB

EPC

S1U

Option 7A:NGC

eNB

NGU NGC

gNB

NGU

Option 7:NGC

eNB

NGU NGC

gNB

Option 4:NGC

eNB

NGU NGC

gNB

NGU gNB: A node

which supports

the NR as well

as connectivity

to NGC

What is 5G ?

Introduction

Timeline Verizon

SKT

KT

NTT DOCOMO

Etc.

Testing

Considerations

Outline

13

Standardization TrialsPhysical Layer

Datarate

Use cases

eMBB

New spectrum for mobile communications: cm and mm waves

Frequency bands Frequency range Wavelength range λ 1 𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑆𝑃𝐿∗

UHF Ultra High Frequency 300 MHz – 3 GHz 10 – 1 dm 22 dB – 42 dB

SHF Super High Frequency 3 GHz – 30 GHz 10 – 1 cm 42 dB – 62 dB

EHF Extra High Frequency 30 GHz – 300 GHz 10 – 1 mm 62 dB – 82 dB

ITU band Range ITU band Range

X 8 – 12 GHz Q 33 – 50 GHz

Ku 12 – 18 GHz U 40 – 60 GHz

K 18 – 27 GHz V 50 – 75 GHz

Ka 27 – 40 GHz E 60 – 90 GHz

Source: ITU: Recommendation ITU-R V.431-7: Nomenclature of the Frequency and Wavelength Bands Used in Telecommunications

14

∗ 𝐹𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 20𝑙𝑜𝑔4𝜋

λ

Free Space Path Loss

FSPL example

(cell range 1km):

900MHz 91dB

26GHz 121dB

OTA measurements

in far field**Note: Alternative near field methods are not precluded

Conducted testing

Re-use LTE UE

Testing methodology

3GPP TR 38.803 NR RF Testability

15

6 GHz 24 GHz

Source: 3GPP TR 38.803 V2.0.0

Only Antenna performance

tested Over The Air (OTA)

[TRP, TIS, …]

Everything to be

tested Over The Air (OTA)

Testing of 5G devices – Just removing cables?

16

Basic conducted LTE UE certification setup

17

SS TX RX

RX UE under test TX/RX

Σ

Σ

splitter

AWGN

Gen 1

AWGN

Gen 2

Source: 3GPP TS 36.508 V12.9.0 (2016-03)

Tester / Test system

RF test setup conditions:

• DL simulation from the UE‘s

perspective, incl. AWGN,

multipath, interference, etc.

• UL „ideal“ conditions,

i.e. shall not add errors

to UE UL signal

• Reference point:

UE antenna connector

Removing the cables …. it sounds simple, but it‘s not ….

18

SS TX RX

Σ

Σ

splitter

AWGN

Gen 1

AWGN

Gen 2

Source: 3GPP TS 36.508 V12.9.0 (2016-03)

Test system

RX UE under test TX/RX

• Introduces antennas !

• Introduces cross-talk !

• Near/Far field conditions ?

• UE position matters !

• Measurement reference point ?

• Anechoic environment !?

• Maintain ideal uplink ?

5G testing … it‘s NOT just removing cables

ı More measurement variables:

DoA (Direction of Arrival)

DoD (Direction of Departure)

Antenna polarization

ı Calibration procedures, accordingly

ı Evaluation of measurement uncertainties

ı Specification of measurement reference points incl. appropriate requirements

ı Meeting far field condition requirements in limited space (NF-FF transformation)

ı Creation and implementation of beamforming related test standards

ı MIMO performance testing under interference and multipath conditions

ı Different anechoic test setups required for different test purposes?

ı …

19

What is 5G ?

Introduction

Timeline Verizon

SKT

KT

NTT DOCOMO

Etc.

Testing

Considerations

Outline

20

Standardization TrialsPhysical Layer

Datarate

Use cases

eMBB

5G Market Status ı Testing and trialing of new pre-standard 5G technologies is already well underway

ı At least 25 operators from 15 countries have demonstrated 5G technologies

or announced 5G tests / trials

ı Recent announcements about 5G intentions or pre-standards 5G launch timetables

Verizon intends to start pre-commercial services

with customers during the first half of 2017

TIM plans to launch a network

in Turin during 2017

Sonera Finland plans to launch a 5G network

in Helsinki in 2018

Etisalat has announced a

launch in 2019

21

Source: GSA evolution from LTE to 5G report, April 2017 update

Global 5G Trial Activities

Network Operators OEMs

ı Verizon

ı SK Telecom

ı Korea Telecom

ı NTT DoCoMo

ı AT&T

ı TIM

ı TeliaSonera

ı Optus

ı China Mobile

ı Vodafone

ı Dt. Telekom

ı Orange

ı Telefonica

ı …

2017, US (Verizon):

commercial operation

for fixed wireless access

2018, South Korea (SKT/KT):

(pre)commercial operation

for Winter Olympics [Feb. 9-25 2018] ı Ericsson

ı Huawei

ı Nokia

ı Cicso

ı Intel

ı Qualcomm

ı Samsung

ı ZTE

ı NEC

ı Fujitsu

ı …

2020, Japan (NTT DoCoMo):

commercial operation

for Summer Olympics [24.07.2020]

5G Open Trial Specification Alliance

22

5G TrialsSub 6GHz spectrum

23

Country Operator Frequency (GHz) Total Spectrum (MHz) OEMs Involved

USA AT&T 3.4-3.6 200 Ericsson, Intel

USA AT&T 3.7-4.2 500 Ericsson, Intel

Japan NTT Docomo 4.6 Fujitsu

Japan NTT Docomo 3 to 6 NEC

Norway TeliaSonera 0.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.6 159.6 Ericsson

China China Mobile 2.6 100 Huawei, ZTE, Qualcomm

Australia Optus Mobile 0.7, 0.9, 1.8, 2.1, 2.5 100 Huawei

Sub-6GHz mmWave: 30-90 GHzcmWave: 10-20 GHz

Coverage

Mobility

Reliability

High Capacity

Massive Throughput

Ultra-Dense Networks

0 GHz 6 GHz1 GHz 2 GHz 3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz

IWPC Workshop 2016 Korea & Mobile Experts 5G Broadband Forecast: July 2016

5G Trialscm- / mm-wave spectrum

24

Sub-6GHz mmWave: 30-90 GHzcmWave: 10-20 GHz

40 GHz15 GHz 20 GHz 25 GHz 30 GHz 35 GHz

IWPC Workshop 2016 Korea & Mobile Experts 5G Broadband Forecast: July 2016

Country Operator Frequency (GHz) Spectrum Used (MHz) OEMs Involved

USA Verizon 28 425Ericsson, Intel, Nokia, Samsung,

Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco, Qualcomm

USA T-Mobile 28, 39 200, 200 Ericsson, Nokia

USA AT&T 15, 28 850, 200 Ericsson, Intel

Japan NTT Docomo 11, 15 400, 900 Huawei & Ericsson

Japan NTT Docomo 28, 70 1000 Samsung & Nokia

Korea SK Telecom 15, 28 400 Nokia & Samsung

China China Mobile 10 to 12, 15 2570, 1050 ZTE Corporation

70 GHz

5G Trials and Network DeploymentsUse Cases

25

Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) Mobile Networks

pre-5G SA 5G NR

NSApre-5G SA

eMBBFocus of 5G trials and early

network deployments is on

enhanced Mobile Broadband

5G Trials and Network DeploymentsTimeline

26

5G NR Phase 2

2016 2017 2018 2019

5G NR Phase 1LTE Advanced Pro

Today

2020

5G NR Evolution

Release 17Release 16Release 15Release 13 … 14

5G Network (pre-3GPP, FWA)

Spec

published

Field

Trials

Technology

Trials

Network

Launch

5G Network (pre-3GPP, SA)

Field

Trials

Technology

Trials

Network

Launch

Samsung

KT, SKT

3GPP compliant 5G NR Network (NSA, LTE interworking)Japanese

Operators

Technology

Trials

Field Trials

(pre-3GPP)

Field Trials

(3GPP 5G NR)

Network

Launch

5G NR Phase 1

Specification approved

PHY parameter LTE (Rel.8-14) Verizon pre5G

Downlink (DL) OFDM OFDM

Uplink (UL) DFT-s-OFDM OFDM

Subframe Length 1ms 0.2ms

Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz 75 kHz

Sampling Rate 30.72 MHz 153.6 MHz

Bandwidth 20 MHz 100 MHz

NFFT 2048 2048

OFDM symbol duration, no CP 66.67 us 13.33 us

Frame Length 10 ms 10 ms

#Subframes (#slots) 10 (20) 50 (100)

CP Type Normal & Extended Normal Only

Multiplexing FDD / TDD Dynamic TDD

Max RBs 6,15,25,50,75,100 100

DL/UL Data coding Turbo Code LDPC code

LTE and Verizon pre5G PHY comparison (I)Subframe Length

LTE divided by 5

Sampling Rate

5 times LTE

Symbol Duration:

LTE divided by 5

Subcarrier Spacing

5 times LTE

Bandwidth

5 times LTE

27

ı LTE Rel.10-12: 5 carriers up to 20 MHz each

ı LTE Rel.13: 32 carriers up to 20 MHz each

LTE and Verizon pre5G PHY comparison (II)

ı VzW Pre5G:

Aggregation of up to 8 carriers 100 MHz each

28

Carrier

#5(32)

e.g. 18 MHz

Uplink-

downlink

configuration

Downlink-to-Uplink

Switch-point

periodicity

0 5 ms

1 5 ms

2 5 ms

3 10 ms

4 10 ms

5 10ms

6 5 ms

Subframe number

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

D S U U U D S U U U

D S U U D D S U U D

D S U D D D S U D D

D S U U U D D D D D

D S U U D D D D D D

D S U D D D D D D D

D S U U U D S U U D

3GPP TS36.211 Table 4.2-2

l VzW Pre5G [TDD]:

Dynamic switch on a subframe basis

between four fixed configurations (a, b, c, d)

l TD-LTE: fixed UL/DL configuration

one out of seven different configurations(0…6)

LTE and Verizon pre5G PHY comparison (III)

29

Fixed Wireless: V5GTF@28 & 39 GHzR&S®SMW200A Vector Signal Generator

» Up to 40 GHz with up to 2 GHz

modulation bandwidth

» Automatic correction of frequency

response independent of

frequency, power level, and

bandwidth

• Generate Downlink at 28 & 39 GHz

• Used as REF for DL signal

CPE

R&S®FSW Signal & Spectrum Analyzer

• Analyze Uplink at 28 & 39 GHz

• Used as REF for UL signal

» Up to 43.5 GHz with 1200 MHz

internal bandwidth

» EVM < 1% across 10 dB sweep at

28 GHz

30

Some 5G NR physical layer parameter considerationsı Frequency bands considered

3.4 - 3.8 GHz with up to 100MHz carrier bandwidth

26 - 28 GHz with up to 400MHz carrier bandwidth

(24 - 52,6GHz with up to 1GHz carrier bandwidth considered)

ı Carrier aggregation up to 16 carriers

ı Modulation up to 256QAM (1024QAM FFS) for DL data

ı MIMO/Beamforming

For 1 to 4 layer transmission: 1 codeword

For 5 to 8 layer transmission: 2 codewords

ı Frame length

10ms with

7 or 14 subframes sub 6GHz

14 subframes in mmWave

31

Duplex Mode - Flexibility is Key!NR supports paired and unpaired spectrum (TR38.802)

32

• TDD operation on an unpaired spectrum • Transmission direction of time resources is

not dynamically changed

• Transmission direction of most time

resources can be dynamically changing

• Data DL/UL transmission directions can be

dynamically assigned on a per-slot basis

TDD

• FDD operation on a paired

spectrum with different

transmission directions in either

part of a paired spectrum

FDD

Subcarrier Spacing: 15kHz ∙ 2n (at least from 15kHz to 480kHz)

Frame length 10ms, 12 SC per PRB

LDPC and Polar coding (for eMBB)…

5G NR scalable OFDM numerology

ı OFDM subcarrier spacing to scale with channel bandwidth

Otherwise FFT size and processing complexity increases exponentially for wider bandwidths

33

m = -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 …

Subcarrier Spacing

[kHz]3.75 15 30 60 120 240 480 …

Symbol Length [μs]266.

67

66.

67

33.

33

16.

67

8.

333

4.

17

2.

08…

Component Carrier

BW [MHz]

20 MHz per CC <6 GHz | 80+ MHz per CC <70 GHz | 640

MHz ≥70GHz

Cyclic Prefix Length

[μs]FFS

Subframe Length [ms]

(= 1/2m)4 1

0.

5

0.

25

0.

125

0.0

625

0.0

3125

Radio Frame Length

[ms]FFS

5G New Radio numerology: 3GPP 5G vs. pre5G (I)

No

75 kHz

PHY parameter LTE (Rel.8-14) Verizon

pre5G

Downlink (DL) OFDM OFDM

Uplink (UL) DFT-s-OFDM

(SC-FDMA)

OFDM

Subframe Length 1ms 0.2ms

Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz 75 kHz

Sampling Rate 30.72 MHz 153.6

MHz

Bandwidth 20 MHz 100 MHz

NFFT 2048 2048

OFDM symbol

duration, no CP

66.67 us 13.33 us

Frame Length 10 ms 10 ms

#Subframes

(#slots)

10 (20) 50 (100)

CP Type Normal &

Extended

Normal

Only

Multiplexing FDD / TDD Dynamic

TDD

Max RBs 6,15,25,50,75,1

00

100

DL/UL Data coding Turbo Code LDPC

code

31

Feature comparison 3GPP 5G vs. pre5G (II)

constant ressource grid: Δf = 75kHz, #SC per RB = 12

#OFDM symbols per slot = 7Flexible framework: scalable TTI and subcarrier spacing + fixed allocated

ressources, service oriented

Ressource grid:

Blank subcarriers

Scalable

TT I

MBB

D2D

Multicast

time scaling = flexible + various content source Qualcomm

Ressource grid:

Pre-5G3GPP 5G + vision

33

Feature comparison 3GPP 5G vs. pre5G (III)

Pre-5G3GPP 5G + vision

Concept based on beamforming. static beams, closed

loop reporting, beam switching

Beamforming

Same as Pre-5G but enhancements possible: beam tracking, beam

recovery, beam steering etc.

Beamforming

34

What is 5G ?

Introduction

Timeline Verizon

SKT

KT

NTT DOCOMO

Etc.

Datarate

Use cases

Testing

Considerations

Outline

37

Standardization TrialsPhysical Layer eMBB

5G performance requirements for IMT-2020

ı User plane latency: 4 ms for eMBB

1 ms for URLLC

ı Connection density: 1 000 000 devices per km²

38

Source: https://www.itu.int/md/R15-SG05-C-0040/en

Data rate Downlink Uplink

User experienced

data rate

100Mbps 50Mbps

Peak

data rate

20Gbps 10Gbps

Peak

spectral efficiency

30bps/Hz 15bps/Hz

Mobile Broadband Trend

39

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Datarate Forecast

DL bps

UL bps

You are here…

5G enhanced Mobile Broadband - eMBB

40

5G use cases for eMBB

41

http://www.netmanias.com/en/?m=view&id=blog&no=11908

Sneak preview of KT's 5G Olympics in Pyeong Chang

Summary

Is 5G just the next mobile network? No: It is a paradigm shift!

Rohde & Schwarz is committed to supporting the industry with the T&M solutions

needed to investigate, standardize, develop and implement 5G products

42

ı Approach in industry:

3G (3GPP: UTRA): 1: define a technology for data transmission, 2: “what is the killer app?”

4G (3GPP: E-UTRA): define a better technology than 3G based on use case (mobile data)

5G (3GPP: NR): 1: define use cases, 2: requirements, 3: elaborate technologies / solutions

ı From cell-centric (2G - 4G) to user-centric / application-centric in 5G

ı From link efficiency (2G - 4G) to system efficiency in 5G (RAT defined per app)

ı From antenna connectors (2G - 4G) to Over-the-Air testing in 5G (antenna arrays, beamforming)

ı Increasing demand for security / high reliability in 5G (up to mission- and safety-critical use cases)

Thank you for your attention !