5GRadioTechnology_MPeeters

1 COPYRIGHT © 2015 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cellular networks on the road to 5G: just more lanes or a junction? Dr. Ir. Michael Peeters, CTO Wireless 20150609 Big Telecom Event, ATIS 5G Symposium, Chicago

COPYRIGHT © 2015 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2

In practice, technology had 30 years of evolution and disruption

TD-LTE

WCDMA HSDPA/ HSUPA HSPA

2G

3G

4G “Agreed” disruption

Smooth evolution

“Disruptive” disruption

GSM GPRS EDGE E-GPRS2

Single carrier TD-SCDMA TD-SCDMA

TDMA

PDC

CDMA 1X EV-DO rev B

UMB

WiMAX 16e

WiMAX 16d

EV-DV

LTE-FDD

FDD

TDD

EV-DO rev A

EV-DO rev 0

LTE-adv

Year in commercial service 2000 2005 2010 1995 2015 1990 2020

LTE-adv

WiMAX 16m

HSPA evol

5G 5G ?

5G

CIoT?

3 COPYRIGHT © 2015 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

3.9Bn People connected

to the Internet in 2017

Increase in video traffic 2012–2017

720%

Things connected to the Internet

in 2020

10Bn Increase in cloud and data center traffic 2012–2017

440% Increase in mobile

broadband speed by 2019

2.3X Increase in cloud computing market

2013–2017

2X

More tablets sold in 2014 than laptops and

desktop computers combined

320M Enterprise networking

market revenue in 2017 (US $)

>50Bn

Just more of everything?


4

+ 4G/LTE addressing new markets

Internet of Things

Public Sectors Public Safety/Defense/Govt

Fixed Wireless Access

Energy Utilities/Oil & Gaz

Transportation Railways/Highways/Aviation

MOBILE BB DIVERSIFICATION


5

9 Key use cases @NGMN

Use case family Example use case Key technical requirement

Broadband in dense areas

Pervasive video Massive spectrum on small cell pushing need for new “high” band to achieve traffic density of up to 750 Gb/s per km2 in dense urban

Broadband everywhere

50 Mb/s everywhere Significant improvement to cell edge bitrate to offer consistent user experience at target bitrate over 95% locations for 95% of time

Ultra-low cost networks Flexible radio parameters for cost reduction when offering limited services (<10 Mb/s, >50ms, <20 Device/km2)

Higher user mobility High speed train Flexible radio parameters for speeds up to 500 km/h

Massive Internet of Things

Sensor networks Connectionless service to offer scalable solution for device densities of up to 200kDevice/km2 and extended battery life

Extreme real-time Tactile internet Flexible radio parameters for low latency down to 1 ms

Lifeline Natural disaster High availability and service recovery resilience mechanisms to ensure availability of basic communications (voice, text, etc.) with large battery life

Ultra-reliable Public safety High reliability rates up to 99.999% (5 nines) implying need to eliminate single points of failure from network design

Broadcast like Broadcast services Reuse of SFN techniques from LTE to offer efficient wide area service delivery


6

Where does 4G stumble? = 6 requirement drivers for 5G

BROADBAND Massive traffic capacity Reduce Cost Spectrum efficiency Access new spectrum

EXTREME DENSITY Massive user density User content

MISSION CRITICAL Very low latency

High reliability High availability

Security

INNOVATIVE SERVICES Flexible bearer design 3rd party policy

BATTERY LIFE Signaling reduction

Energy optimization

NON TRADITIONAL DEVICES Short packet

Sporadic access More devices and more device types

5G


7

A divergence is coming: 2 asymptotes

# of subscribers (= human or machine)

amou

nt o

f tr

affi

c/su

b/m

onth

2G

Mobile voice, traffic scaling proportional to number of subs. 3G

Start of mobile broadband. Usage per subscriber increasing.

4G Mobile entertainment, total traffic driven by average data usage instead of by number of subscribers.

5G

At the same time as ultra-broadband continues to grow, the rise of M2M traffic and number of subscribers causes diverging requirements, both technical and economical.


8

5G Vision

Ultra-broadband Offering higher bitrates and supporting extreme traffic densities for the evolution of comms and entertainment

+ 5G

Serving both traditional as well as potential new applications like drones, real time video surveillance, mobile augmented and virtual reality, IoT…

=

5G = unified ecosystem …

Ultra-narrowband Efficient sensing and control added to LTE broadband; massive densities of low traffic devices and bearers

Consistent experience Better bits rather than simply more cheap bits to offer a more wireline like experience

But also… Ultra low latency Mission critical specialized services and immersive virtual reality

But also…

5G Phase 1 below 6GHz

2020 2022

5G Phase 2 + above 20GHz

9 ALCATEL-LUCENT — PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL — RESTRICTED — SOLELY FOR AUTHORIZED PERSONS HAVING A NEED TO KNOW. COPYRIGHT © 2015 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Technology evolution The broadband scenario is “clear”

2015 2017 2019 2021

LTE LTE-A LTE-U 5G

<6GHz 5G

mmWave

triggers: marketing; latency for augmented reality, games; enabling massive MIMO

trigger: last drop wire/fiber replacement

LTE-A evolution

LTE-A evolution

direct path: continues to serve tradional mobile BB case. WiFi

802.11n WiFi 802.11ac

WiFi 802.11ad


10

Technology evolution The broadband scenario is “clear” – is narrowband sufficiently important ?

2015 2017 2019 2021

LTE LTE-A LTE-U 5G

<6GHz 5G

mmWave

triggers: marketing; latency for augmented reality, games; enabling massive MIMO

trigger: last drop wire/fiber replacement

LTE-A evolution

LTE-A evolution

direct path: continues to serve tradional mobile BB case. WiFi

802.11n WiFi 802.11ac

WiFi 802.11ad

trigger: LTE control overload; low latency

control & command applications


11

Narrowband and IoT: key requirements Not just sensors, but a wide spectrum

Factor Requirements – low end Requirements – high end Range Peak data rate

<100 bits/s UL (e.g. smart metering)

> several Mb/s UL (e.g. security cameras) 10000

Latency >1 s (e.g. smart metering without control)

< 10 ms (e.g. ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems - ITS)

100

Usage <1 event/day (e.g. intrusion alarm)

“continuous” (e.g. security cameras) ∞ Coverage Normal (e.g. outdoor devices) +20 dB (e.g. indoor devices located in

basements) 100

Mobility “none” (stationary devices) “seamless” (e.g. ITS devices) ∞ Device cost “not an issue” <4$ for e.g. smart meters 10

Battery lifetime

“N/A” (e.g. remotely-powered devices)

>10 years (e.g. smart meters) ∞


12

Predominance of short packets, today

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

0.1

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0.9

1

Packet Size (bytes)

CDF

Light Background: DL Packet Size Distribution

1 818192427282930

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

0.1

0.2

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1

Packet Size (bytes)

CDF

Light Background: UL Packet Size Distribution

1 818192427282930

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

0.1

0.2

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1

Packet Size (bytes)CD

F

Heavier Background: DL Packet Size Distribution

91013141516172021222331323334353637383956575960

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

0.1

0.2

0.3

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0.5

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0.7

0.8

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1

Packet Size (bytes)

CDF

Heavier Background: UL Packet Size Distribution

91013141516172021222331323334353637383956575960

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

0.1

0.2

0.3

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1

Packet Size (bytes)

CDF

Gaming: DL Packet Size Distribution

234567

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Packet Size (bytes)

CDF

Gaming: UL Packet Size Distribution

234567

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

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1

Packet Size (bytes)

CDF

Interactive Content Pull: DL Packet Size Distribution

474849505152535455

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 16000

0.1

0.2

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Packet Size (bytes)

CDF

Interactive Content Pull: UL Packet Size Distribution

474849505152535455

Data taken from 3GPP TR 36.822 v1.0.2


13

Burst profile from live LTE network in 2014 Combined uplink and downlink

100 102 104 106 108 10100

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1burst size in bytes

log(burst size(bytes))

prob

abili

ty <

abs

ciss

a

dormancy timer = 2 secdormancy timer = 5 sec

100 101 102 103 104 105 1060

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1number of frames/burst

log(number frames/burst)

prob

abili

ty <

abs

ciss

a

dormancy timer = 2 secdormancy timer = 5 sec

BURST SIZE NUMBER OF PACKETS PER BURST

SMART PHONE TRAFFIC CAN ALSO BENEFIT FROM SHORT BURST OPTIMIZATIONS


So: Why do we need a new & unified 5G radio interface?

•  When we talk about M2M subscribers, these are not just devices. Applications on smartphones are already generating a large amount (30%) of short bursty traffic. Similarly M2M gateways using cellular uplink will contribute to the total amount of narrowband traffic. M2M subscribers = # devices × # applications/device

Ultra-broadband already acts as a channel for part of the ultra-narrowband traffic.

•  The ultrabroadband track will require the integration of many different networks. In order to steer traffic quickly, seamlessly, without impacting the end-user, an efficient control system need to be present.

Efficient low latency narrowband communications benefit ultra-broadband as well.

5G


15

Key 5G Technologies

vRAN

Radios

vEPC

vIMS

mm Wave

Massive MIMO

New radio I/F

Policy

Conn- less

SDN

Consistent experience Ultra low latency

Ultra-narrowband

Small Cells

Ultra-broadband


16

5G Radio: UF-OFDM

•  Designed to meet new requirements

-  Contention based access for connection-less services

-  In-band optimization to devices and services -  Higher capacity

•  Universal Filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM)

-  New filter stage applied per sub-band -  Cyclic prefix replaced by filter time response -  More tolerant to power and timing errors -  Reduced guard band requirements -  May re-apply huge knowledge base of LTE

processing

[1] F. Schaich, T. Wild, Y. Chen, “Waveform contenders for 5G - suitability for short packet and low latency transmissions” , VTC’14 [2] 5GNOW deliverable D3.2

Filter added to OFDM

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency spacing in subcarrier steps

Rel. p

ower

[dB] UF-OFDM

CP-OFDM

Several tens of dB improved out-of-band radiation


17

5G Radio: Two new radio interfaces plus LTE and WLAN

5G Driver LTE Evolution WLAN Low band

(< 6 GHz) High band (>20 GHz)

Ultra broadband

MIMO, HetNet and CoMP features

Multi-RAT and Boost Higher spectrum efficiency

Peak bitrates Massive capacity

Consistent experience

Capacity Capacity Contention access Massive capacity

Ultra low latency

Short packet Low latency

Scheduled low latency service

Ultra narrowband

MTC features (to bridge gap until 5G)

Short range access Contention access

Role LTE coverage 5G capacity extension

Capacity extension 5G coverage Specialized services

5G capacity extension in dense areas


Deployment Scenario

Macro Small cell (indoor)

Small cell

4G

4G

2/3G Legacy 5G <6GHz

5G <6GHz

4G

4G WLAN

5G <6GHz

1.  LTE with carrier aggregation and dual-connectivity to small cell layer

2.  New 5G carrier on macro layer: Wide area coverage for new services, improved efficiency and control

3.  Coverage extended on small cell

4.  Massive capacity: Additional 5G carriers above 20 GHz on small cells

5.  Additional 5G carriers in cellular bands on macro and small cells

5G >20GHz

5G >20GHz


19

NGMN: http://www.ngmn.org/work-programme/5g-initiative.html

GSMA: https://gsmaintelligence.com/research/?file=141208-5g.pdf&download

ITU-R IMT-2020: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/study-groups/rsg5/rwp5d/imt-2020/Pages/default.aspx

3GPP: http://www.3gpp.org

5G-PPP: http://5g-ppp.eu

Alcatel-Lucent: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/solutions/lte-to-5G

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