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5LL40
Optical FibreCommunications
Meint Smit (OED)Xaveer Leijtens (OED)Huug de Waardt (ECO)
Eduward Tangdiongga (ECO)
TTE: Telecommunication Technology and ElectroMagnetics
2Course information
Book: Gerd KeiserOptical Fiber communications3rd ed, Mc Graw-Hill
Contact: Xaveer Leijtens, [email protected], 5112
Website: http://w3.ele.tue.nl/oed (education & training)
Prior knowledge (Bachelor) 5GG10 Elektronica: Transistorschakelingen 5LL00 Basis elektromagnetisme 5LL10 Basis telecommunicatie 5LL50 Telecommunicatietechniek
Follow-up (EITT/BTT Master) 5MH10 Electro-optic devices 5MH30 Optical communication technology 5TT00 Optical communication Networks 5TT30 Photonic IC Design
3Examination
Closed-book examination formula sheet will be provided
Overview of optical fiber communications
Keiser chapter 1
5Standard Single-Mode (SM) FibreFibre coreSiO2+ GeO2 10 mn 1.443
Fibre coreSiO2+ GeO2 10 mn 1.443
SiO2 Cladding 125 mn 1.44
SiO2 Cladding 125 mn 1.44
Primary coating (soft) 400 m
Primary coating (soft) 400 m
Secondary coating (hard) 1 mm
Secondary coating (hard) 1 mm
6Optical attenuation in glass
1960
A
t
t
e
n
u
a
t
i
o
n
(
d
B
/
k
m
)
1
10
100
1000
0.11970 1980 1990 2000
z 20 dB/km (Corning)
0.16 dB/km
CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition)
7Optical communication
+
TRANSMITTER FIBRE
+
RECEIVER
8Photodiode detector
Typical performance data:
Responsivity ~1 mA / mWBandwidth: 1-20 GHz
Typical performance data:
Responsivity ~1 mA / mWBandwidth: 1-20 GHz
+
9Optical source
+
TRANSMITTER
FIBRE
Performance:Modulation speedFibre-coupled power
Performance:Modulation speedFibre-coupled power
10
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Typical performance data:
Power in MM-fibre: 100 WPower in SM-fibre: 1 WDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 100 MHz
Typical performance data:
Power in MM-fibre: 100 WPower in SM-fibre: 1 WDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 100 MHz
+
11
Laser
Typical performance:
Power (in fibre): 10-100 mWDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 2-5 GHz
Typical performance:
Power (in fibre): 10-100 mWDirect Modulation Bandwidth: 2-5 GHz
12
Laser
13
Packaged DFB laser
14
TV - radio
I.R.
U.V.
X-ray
-radiationcosmic radiation
f (Hz)
Electromagnetic spectrum
(m)
1
10-2
10-4
10-8
10-6
10-12
10-10
1020
1018
1016
1014
1012
1010
108
Radar
redorangeyellowgreenblueviolet
Visible light:380 - 760 nm
700
400
500
600
(nm)
Optical communication wavelengths
15
Some figures
Optical communication wavelength: = 1500 nm corresponds to = c/ 200 THz = 200.000 GHz
1% = 2 THz = 2000 GHz
EDFA = Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier:bandwidth 30 nm 4 THz
16
Optical communication systems
First Generation, ~1975, 0.8 mMM-fiber, GaAs-laser or LED
Second Generation, ~1980, 1.3 m, MM & SM-fiberInGaAsP FP-laser or LED
Third Generation, ~1985, 1.55 m, SM-fiberInGaAsP DFB-laser, ~ 1990 Optical amplifiers
Fourth Generation, 1996, 1.55 mWDM-systems
1.80.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.60.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7Wavelength (m)
Atte
nuat
ion
2 dB/cm
17
WDM-transmission
MultiwavelengthTransmitter
MUX
MultiwavelengthReceiver
DMX
opticaltransmitter
opticalreceiver
optical fiber
+
18
Undersea cable
Cable Capacity fully upgraded (Gbps) 2,400
Fiber Pairs 6
Wavelengths per Fiber Pair 40
Gbps per Wavelength 10
Cable Length (km) 14,500
19
Undersea cables
20
Optical Transport NetworkCourtesy: A.M.J. Koonen
Global Network
Wide Area Network
Metropolitan/Regional Area Optical Network
Corporate/Enterprise
Clients
Cable modemNetworks
Client/Access Networks
FTTHMobile
SDH/SONET
PSTN/IP
ISPGigabit Ethernet
Cable
FTTB
ATM
fibre
IP
Fixed Wireless Access
TP
21
Advantages of optical communication
Huge bandwidth
Small and light
Low loss
Electrical isolation No EMI (Lightning, interference) Security (no tapping) Reliability
Low cost per bit
22
Lecture schedule
Subject WeekIntroduction 1 hr 5 Kaiser 1Fibres 5 hrs 5,6,7 Kaiser 2,3Sources 4 hrs 8,10 Kaiser 4Coupling 1 hr 12 Kaiser 5Photonic ICs 1 hr 12External Lecture 1 hr 12Detectors 2 hrs 13 Kaiser 6Receivers 2 hrs 14 Kaiser 7Systems 2 hrs 16 Kaiser 8,9Networks 2 hrs 17 Handouts
5LL40Optical Fibre Communications Course informationExaminationOverview of optical fiber communications Standard Single-Mode (SM) FibreOptical attenuation in glassOptical communicationPhotodiode detectorOptical sourceLight Emitting Diode (LED)LaserLaserPackaged DFB laserElectromagnetic spectrumSome figuresOptical communication systemsWDM-transmissionUndersea cableUndersea cablesOptical Transport NetworkAdvantages of optical communicationLecture schedule